37th United States Congress

United States Capitol

The Thirty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1861 to March 3, 1863, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Dates of sessions

March 4, 1861 - March 3, 1863

• Special session of the Senate: March 4, 1861 – March 28, 1861
• First session: July 4, 1861 – August 6, 1861
• Second session: December 2, 1861 - July 17, 1862
• Third session: December 1, 1862 - March 3, 1863
• Previous congress: 36th Congress
  
• Next congress: 38th Congress

Party summary

Virginia, Arkansas (U.S. state), North Carolina (U.S. state), and Tennessee seceded from the Union during this Congress.

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate Republican (R): 31 (majority) Democratic (D): 15 Unionist (U): 3 vacant: 1 TOTAL members: 50

House of Representatives Republican (R): 108 (majority) Democratic (D): 44 Constitutional Unionist (CU): 2 Unionist (U): 28 Independent Democratic (ID): 1 TOTAL members: 183

Leadership

Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • Solomon Foot, Republican of Vermont, first elected in this Congress March 23, 1861.

House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Galusha A. Grow, Republican of Pennsylvania, elected July 4, 1861.

Major events

Events of 1861, 1862 and 1863

• March 4, 1861 -- Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States of America
• April 12, 1861 -- Hostilities begin the American Civil War. War continues until 1865.

Major legislation

List of United States federal legislation in the 37th Congress

• August 5, 1861 -- Revenue Act of 1861
• August 6, 1861 -- Confiscation Act of 1861
• February 25, 1862 -- Legal Tender Act of 1862
• May 20, 1862 -- Homestead Act
• July 1, 1862 -- Revenue Act of 1862
• July 1, 1862 -- Pacific Railway Act
• July 2, 1862 -- Morrill Land Grant Colleges Act
• July 17, 1862 -- Militia Act of 1862
• February 24, 1863 -- Arizona Territory
• February 25, 1863 -- National Banking Act
• March 2, 1863 -- False Claims Act
• March 3, 1863 -- Enrollment Act,
• March 3, 1863 -- Idaho Territory organized

Secession

• Secessions declared during previous Congress: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama (U.S. state), Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.
• Secessions declared during this Congress:
  • April 17, 1861 -- Virginia See also rump Union government of Virginia
  • May 6, 1861 -- Arkansas (U.S. state)
  • May 20, 1861 -- North Carolina (U.S. state)
  • June 8 , 1861 -- Tennessee Senator Andrew Johnson and three members of the House did not recognize secession and retained their seats.

Membership highlights by chamber

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1862; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.

Alabama 2: vacant 3: vacant Arkansas 2: William K. Sebastian (D) 3: Charles B. Mitchel (D) California 1: Milton S. Latham (D) 3: James A. McDougall (D) Connecticut 3: La Fayette S. Foster (R) 1: James Dixon (R) Delaware 1: James A. Bayard, Jr. (D) 2: Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (D) Florida 1: vacant 3: vacant Georgia 2: vacant 3: vacant Illinois 2: Stephen A. Douglas (D) Orville H. Browning (R) William A. Richardson (D) 3: Lyman Trumbull (R) Indiana 1: Jesse D. Bright (D) Joseph A. Wright (U) David Turpie (D) 3: Henry S. Lane (R) Iowa 3: James Harlan (R) 2: James W. Grimes (R) Kansas 3: Samuel C. Pomeroy (R) 2: James H. Lane (R) Kentucky 2: Lazarus W. Powell (D) 3: John C. Breckinridge (D) Garrett Davis (U)

Louisiana 2: vacant 3: vacant Maine 2: William Pitt Fessenden (R) 1: Lot M. Morrill (R) Maryland 3: James A. Pearce (D) Thomas H. Hicks (U) 1: Anthony Kennedy (U) Massachusetts 1: Charles Sumner (R) 2: Henry Wilson (R) Michigan 1: Zachariah Chandler (R) 2: Kinsley S. Bingham (R) Jacob M. Howard (R) Minnesota 1: Henry M. Rice (D) 2: Morton S. Wilkinson (R) Mississippi 1: vacant 2: vacant Missouri 1: Trusten Polk (D) John B. Henderson (U) 3: Waldo Porter Johnson (D) Robert Wilson (U) New Hampshire 2: John P. Hale (R) 3: Daniel Clark (R) New Jersey 1: John R. Thomson (D) Richard S. Field (R) James W. Wall (D) 2: John C. Ten Eyck (R) New York 1: Preston King (R) 3: Ira Harris (R)

North Carolina 3: Thomas L. Clingman(D) 2: Thomas Bragg (D) Ohio 1: Benjamin F. Wade (R) 3: Salmon P. Chase (R) John Sherman (R) Oregon 2: Edward D. Baker (R) Benjamin Stark (D) Benjamin F. Harding (D) 3: James W. Nesmith (D) Pennsylvania 1: Simon Cameron (R) David Wilmot (R) 3: Edgar Cowan (R) Rhode Island 1: James F. Simmons (R) Samuel G. Arnold (R) 2: Henry B. Anthony (R) South Carolina 2: vacant 3: vacant Tennessee 1: Andrew Johnson (D) 2: vacant Texas 2: John Hemphill (D) 1: Louis T. Wigfall (D) Vermont 1: Solomon Foot (R) 3: Jacob Collamer (R) Virginia 1: James M. Mason (D) Waitman T. Willey (U) 2: Robert M. T. Hunter (D) John S. Carlile (U) Wisconsin 1: James R. Doolittle (R) 3: Timothy O. Howe (R)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide "at-large," are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, are preceded by their district numbers. Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama All seats vacant Arkansas All seats vacant California A/L: Frederick F. Low (R) A/L: Timothy G. Phelps (R) A/L: Aaron A. Sargent (R) Connecticut 1: Dwight Loomis (R) 2: James E. English (D) 3: Alfred A. Burnham (R) 4: George C. Woodruff (D) Delaware A/L: George P. Fisher (U) Florida All seats vacant Georgia All seats vacant Illinois 1: Elihu B. Washburne (R) 2: Isaac N. Arnold (R) 3: Owen Lovejoy (R) 4: William Kellogg (R) 5: William A. Richardson (D) 6: John A. McClernand (D) Anthony L. Knapp (D) 7: James C. Robinson (D) 8: Philip B. Fouke (D) 9: John A. Logan (D) William J. Allen (D) Indiana 1: John Law (D) 2: James A. Cravens (D) 3: William McKee Dunn (R) 4: William S. Holman (D) 5: George W. Julian (R) 6: Albert G. Porter (R) 7: Daniel W. Voorhees (D) 8: Albert S. White (R) 9: Schuyler Colfax (R) 10: William Mitchell (R) 11: John P. C. Shanks (R) Iowa 1: Samuel R. Curtis (R) James F. Wilson (R) 2: William Vandever (R) Kansas A/L: Martin F. Conway (R) Kentucky 1: Henry C. Burnett (D) Samuel L. Casey (U) 2: James S. Jackson (U) George H. Yeaman (U) 3: Henry Grider (U) 4: Aaron Harding (U) 5: Charles A. Wickliffe (U) 6: George W. Dunlap (U) 7: Robert Mallory (U) 8: John J. Crittenden (U) 9: William H. Wadsworth (U) 10: John W. Menzies (U) Louisiana 1: Benjamin F. Flanders (U) 2: Michael Hahn (U) 3: Vacant 4: Vacant Maine 1: John N. Goodwin (R) 2: Charles W. Walton (R) Thomas A. D. Fessenden (R) 3: Samuel C. Fessenden (R) 4: Anson P. Morrill (R) 5: John H. Rice (R) 6: Frederick A. Pike (R) Maryland 1: John W. Crisfield (U) 2: Edwin H. Webster (U) 3: Cornelius L. L. Leary (U) 4: Henry May (U) 5: Francis Thomas (U) 6: Charles B. Calvert (U)

Massachusetts 1: Thomas D. Eliot (R) 2: James Buffinton (R) 3: Charles Francis Adams Sr. (R) Benjamin F. Thomas (U) 4: Alexander H. Rice (R) 5: William Appleton (CU) Samuel Hooper (R) 6: John B. Alley (R) 7: Daniel W. Gooch (R) 8: Charles R. Train (R) 9: Goldsmith F. Bailey (R) Amasa Walker (R) 10: Charles Delano (R) 11: Henry L. Dawes (R) Michigan 1: Bradley F. Granger (R) 2: Fernando C. Beaman (R) 3: Francis W. Kellogg (R) 4: Rowland E. Trowbridge (R) Minnesota 1: Cyrus Aldrich (R) 2: William Windom (R) Mississippi All seats vacant Missouri 1: Francis P. Blair, Jr. (R) 2: James S. Rollins (CU) 3: John B. Clark (D) William A. Hall (D) 4: Elijah H. Norton (D) 5: John W. Reid (D) Thomas L. Price (D) 6: John S. Phelps (D) 7: John W. Noell (D) New Hampshire 1: Gilman Marston (R) 2: Edward H. Rollins (R) 3: Thomas M. Edwards (R) New Jersey 1: John T. Nixon (R) 2: John L. N. Stratton (R) 3: William G. Steele (D) 4: George T. Cobb (D) 5: Nehemiah Perry (D) New York 1: Edward H. Smith (D) 2: Moses F. Odell (D) 3: Benjamin Wood (D) 4: James E. Kerrigan (ID) 5: William Wall (R) 6: Frederick A. Conkling (R) 7: Elijah Ward (D) 8: Isaac C. Delaplaine (D) 9: Edward Haight (D) 10: Charles H. Van Wyck (R) 11: John B. Steele (D) 12: Stephen Baker (R) 13: Abram B. Olin (R) 14: Erastus Corning (D) 15: James B. McKean (R) 16: William A. Wheeler (R) 17: Socrates N. Sherman (R) 18: Chauncey Vibbard (D) 19: Richard Franchot (R) 20: Roscoe Conkling (R) 21: R. Holland Duell (R) 22: William E. Lansing (R) 23: Ambrose W. Clark (R) 24: Charles B. Sedgwick (R) 25: Theodore M. Pomeroy (R) 26: Jacob P. Chamberlain (R) 27: Alexander S. Diven (R) 28: Robert B. Van Valkenburg (R) 29: Alfred Ely (R) 30: Augustus Frank (R) 31: Burt Van Horn (R) 32: Elbridge G. Spaulding (R) 33: Reuben E. Fenton (R) North Carolina All seats vacant

Ohio 1: George H. Pendleton (D) 2: John A. Gurley (R) 3: Clement L. Vallandigham (D) 4: William Allen (D) 5: James M. Ashley (R) 6: Chilton A. White (D) 7: Thomas Corwin (R) Richard A. Harrison (U) 8: Samuel Shellabarger (R) 9: Warren P. Noble (D) 10: Carey A. Trimble (R) 11: Valentine B. Horton (R) 12: Samuel S. Cox (D) 13: John Sherman (R) Samuel T. Worcester (R) 14: Harrison G. O. Blake (R) 15: Robert H. Nugen (D) 16: William P. Cutler (R) 17: James R. Morris (D) 18: Sidney Edgerton (R) 19: Albert G. Riddle (R) 20: John Hutchins (R) 21: John A. Bingham (R) Oregon A/L: Andrew J. Thayer (D) George K. Shiel (D) Pennsylvania 1: William E. Lehman (D) 2: Edward Joy Morris (R) Charles J. Biddle (D) 3: John P. Verree (R) 4: William D. Kelley (R) 5: William Morris Davis (R) 6: John Hickman (R) 7: Thomas B. Cooper (D) John D. Stiles (D) 8: Sydenham E. Ancona (D) 9: Thaddeus Stevens (R) 10: John W. Killinger (R) 11: James H. Campbell (R) 12: George W. Scranton (R) Hendrick B. Wright (D) 13: Philip Johnson (D) 14: Galusha A. Grow (R) 15: James T. Hale (R) 16: Joseph Bailey (D) 17: Edward McPherson (R) 18: Samuel S. Blair (R) 19: John Covode (R) 20: Jesse Lazear (D) 21: James K. Moorhead (R) 22: Robert McKnight (R) 23: John W. Wallace (R) 24: John Patton (R) 25: Elijah Babbitt (R) Rhode Island 1: William P. Sheffield (U) 2: George H. Browne (U) South Carolina All seats vacant Tennessee 1: Vacant 2: Horace Maynard (U) 3: George W. Bridges (U) 4: Andrew J. Clements (U) 5: Vacant 6: Vacant 7: Vacant 8: Vacant 9: Vacant 10: Vacant Texas All seats vacant Vermont 1: Eliakim P. Walton (R) 2: Justin S. Morrill (R) 3: Portus Baxter (R) Virginia 1: Joseph E. Segar (U) 2: Vacant 3: Vacant 4: Vacant 5: Vacant 6: Vacant 7: Charles H. Upton (U) Lewis McKenzie (U) 8: Vacant 9: Vacant 10: William G. Brown, Sr. (U) 11: John S. Carlile (U) Jacob B. Blair (U) 12: Kellian V. Whaley (U) 13: Vacant Wisconsin 1: John F. Potter (R) 2: Luther Hanchett (R) Walter D. McIndoe (R) 3: A. Scott Sloan (R)

Delegates

Colorado Territory A/L: Hiram P. Bennet (R) Dakota Territory A/L: John B. S. Todd (D) Kansas Territory A/L: Samuel G. Daily (R)

Nevada Territory A/L: John Cradlebaugh (I) New Mexico Territory A/L: John S. Watts (R)

Utah Territory A/L: John M. Bernhisel (I) Washington Territory A/L: William H. Wallace (R)

Membership detail by state

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1862; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

The list below is arranged by state, then by chamber. Senators are shown in order of seniority, House members in district order.

Alabama

Senate

• 2: vacant …seat declared vacant, March 14, 1861, state having seceded.
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (7 seats)

• all seats vacant

Arkansas

Senate

• 2: William K. Sebastian (1812-1865), Democratic ...expelled by resolution of July 11, 1861, state having seceded.
• 3: Charles B. Mitchel (1815-1864), Democratic ...expelled by resolution of July 11, 1861, state having seceded.

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• all seats vacant

California

Senate

• 1: Milton S. Latham (1827-1882), Democratic
• 3: James A. McDougall (1817-1867), Democratic

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• A/L: Frederick F. Low (1828-1894), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated June 3, 1862.
• A/L: Timothy G. Phelps (1824-1899), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1861.
• A/L: Aaron A. Sargent (1827-1887), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1861.

Connecticut

Senate

• 3: La Fayette S. Foster (1806-1880), Republican
• 1: James Dixon (1814-1873), Republican

House of Representatives (4 seats)

• 1: Dwight Loomis (1821-1903), Republican
• 2: James E. English (1812-1890), Democratic
• 3: Alfred A. Burnham (1819-1879), Republican
• 4: George C. Woodruff (1805-1885), Democratic

Delaware

Senate

• 1: James A. Bayard, Jr. (1799-1880), Democratic
• 2: Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (1820-1892), Democratic

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: George P. Fisher (1817-1899), Unionist

Florida

Senate

• 1: vacant …seat declared vacant, March 14, 1861, state having seceded.
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• all seats vacant

Georgia

Senate

• 2: vacant …seat declared vacant, March 14, 1861, state having seceded.
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (8 seats)

• all seats vacant

Illinois

Senate

• 2: Stephen A. Douglas (1813-1861), Democratic ...died June 3, 1861.

  Orville H. Browning (1806-1881), Republican ...appointed to fill vacancy, June 26, 1861.

  William A. Richardson (1811-1875), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, January 12, 1863.

• 3: Lyman Trumbull (1813-1896), Republican

House of Representatives (9 seats)

• 1: Elihu B. Washburne (1816-1887), Republican
• 2: Isaac N. Arnold (1815-1884), Republican
• 3: Owen Lovejoy (1811-1864), Republican
• 4: William Kellogg (1814-1872), Republican
• 5: William A. Richardson (1811-1875), Democratic ...resigned January 29, 1863.
• 6: John A. McClernand (1812-1900), Democratic ...resigned October 28, 1861.

  Anthony L. Knapp (1828-1881), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 12, 1861.

• 7: James C. Robinson (1823-1886), Democratic
• 8: Philip B. Fouke (1818-1876), Democratic
• 9: John A. Logan (1826-1886), Democratic ...resigned April 2, 1862.

  William J. Allen (1829-1901), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated June 2, 1862.

Indiana

Senate

• 1: Jesse D. Bright (1812-1875), Democratic ...expelled February 5, 1862.

  Joseph A. Wright (1810-1867), Unionist ...appointed to fill vacancy, February 24, 1862.

  David Turpie (1828-1909), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, January 14, 1863.

• 3: Henry S. Lane (1811-1881), Republican

House of Representatives (11 seats)

• 1: John Law (1796-1873), Democratic
• 2: James A. Cravens (1818-1893), Democratic
• 3: William McKee Dunn (1814-1887), Republican
• 4: William S. Holman (1822-1897), Democratic
• 5: George W. Julian (1817-1899), Republican
• 6: Albert G. Porter (1824-1897), Republican
• 7: Daniel W. Voorhees (1827-1897), Democratic
• 8: Albert S. White (1803-1864), Republican
• 9: Schuyler Colfax (1823-1885), Republican
• 10: William Mitchell (1807-1865), Republican
• 11: John P. C. Shanks (1826-1901), Republican

Iowa

Senate

• 3: James Harlan (1820-1899), Republican
• 2: James W. Grimes (1816-1872), Republican

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• 1: Samuel R. Curtis (1805-1866), Republican ...resigned August 4, 1861.

  James F. Wilson (1828-1895), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1861.

• 2: William Vandever (1817-1893), Republican ...contested election, served until September 24, 1861, seat declared vacant.

Kansas

Senate

• 2: James H. Lane (1814-1866), Republican ...newly admitted state, elected April 4, 1861.
• 3: Samuel C. Pomeroy (1816-1891), Republican ...newly admitted state, elected April 4, 1861.

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Martin F. Conway (1827-1882), Republican

Kentucky

Senate

• 2: Lazarus W. Powell (1812-1867), Democratic
• 3: John C. Breckinridge (1821-1875), Democratic ...expelled by resolution of December 4, 1861.

  Garrett Davis (1801-1872), Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, December 10, 1861.

House of Representatives (10 seats)

• 1: Henry C. Burnett (1825-1866), Democratic ...expelled by resolution of December 3, 1861.

  Samuel L. Casey (1821-1902), Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, seated March 10, 1862.

• 2: James S. Jackson (1823-1862), Unionist ...resigned December 13, 1861.

  George H. Yeaman (1829-1908), Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1, 1862.

• 3: Henry Grider (1796-1866), Unionist
• 4: Aaron Harding (1805-1875), Unionist
• 5: Charles A. Wickliffe (1788-1869), Unionist
• 6: George W. Dunlap (1813-1880), Unionist
• 7: Robert Mallory (1815-1885), Unionist
• 8: John J. Crittenden (1786-1863), Unionist
• 9: William H. Wadsworth (1821-1893), Unionist
• 10: John W. Menzies (1819-1897), Unionist

Louisiana

Senate

• 2: vacant …seat declared vacant, March 14, 1861, state having seceded.
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (4 seats)

• 1: Benjamin F. Flanders (1816-1896), Unionist ...credentials accepted, seated February 23, 1863.
• 2: Michael Hahn (1830-1886), Unionist ...credentials accepted, seated February 17, 1863.

Maine

Senate

• 2: William Pitt Fessenden (1806-1869), Republican
• 1: Lot M. Morrill (1813-1883), Republican

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• 1: John N. Goodwin (1824-1887), Republican
• 2: Charles W. Walton (1819-1900), Republican ...resigned May 26, 1862.

  Thomas A. D. Fessenden (1826-1868), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1, 1862.

• 3: Samuel C. Fessenden (1815-1882), Republican
• 4: Anson P. Morrill (1803-1887), Republican
• 5: John H. Rice (1816-1911), Republican
• 6: Frederick A. Pike (1816-1886), Republican

Maryland

Senate

• 3: James A. Pearce (1805-1862), Democratic ...died December 20, 1862.

  Thomas H. Hicks (1798-1865), Unionist ...appointed to fill vacancy, December 29, 1862.

• 1: Anthony Kennedy (1810-1892), Unionist

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• 1: John W. Crisfield (1806-1897), Unionist
• 2: Edwin H. Webster (1829-1893), Unionist
• 3: Cornelius L. L. Leary (1813-1893), Unionist
• 4: Henry May (1816-1866), Unionist
• 5: Francis Thomas (1799-1876), Unionist
• 6: Charles B. Calvert (1808-1864), Unionist

Massachusetts

Senate

• 1: Charles Sumner (1811-1874), Republican
• 2: Henry Wilson (1812-1875), Republican

House of Representatives (11 seats)

• 1: Thomas D. Eliot (1808-1870), Republican
• 2: James Buffinton (1817-1875), Republican
• 3: Charles Francis Adams Sr. (1807-1886), Republican ...resigned May 1, 1861, before Congress assembled.

  Benjamin F. Thomas (1813-1878), Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, seated July 4, 1861.

• 4: Alexander H. Rice (1818-1895), Republican
• 5: William Appleton (1786-1862), Constitutional Union ...resigned September 27, 1861.

  Samuel Hooper (1808-1875), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1861.

• 6: John B. Alley (1817-1896), Republican
• 7: Daniel W. Gooch (1820-1891), Republican
• 8: Charles R. Train (1817-1885), Republican
• 9: Goldsmith F. Bailey (1823-1862), Republican ...died May 8, 1862.

  Amasa Walker (1799-1875), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1, 1862.

• 10: Charles Delano (1820-1883), Republican
• 11: Henry L. Dawes (1816-1903), Republican

Michigan

Senate

• 1: Zachariah Chandler (1813-1879), Republican
• 2: Kinsley S. Bingham (1808-1861), Republican ...died October 5, 1861.

  Jacob M. Howard (1805-1871), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, January 4, 1862.

House of Representatives (4 seats)

• 1: Bradley F. Granger (1825-1882), Republican
• 2: Fernando C. Beaman (1814-1882), Republican
• 3: Francis W. Kellogg (1810-1879), Republican
• 4: Rowland E. Trowbridge (1821-1881), Republican

Minnesota

Senate

• 1: Henry M. Rice (1816-1894), Democratic
• 2: Morton S. Wilkinson (1819-1894), Republican

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• 1: Cyrus Aldrich (1808-1871), Republican
• 2: William Windom (1827-1891), Republican

Mississippi

Senate

• 1: vacant …seat declared vacant, March 14, 1861, state having seceded.
• 2: vacant …seat declared vacant, March 14, 1861, state having seceded.

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• all seats vacant

Missouri

Senate

• 1: Trusten Polk (1811-1876), Democratic ...expelled by resolution of January 10, 1862.

  John B. Henderson (1826-1913), Unionist ...appointed to fill vacancy, January 17, 1862.

• 3: Waldo Porter Johnson (1817-1885), Democratic ...expelled by resolution of January 10, 1862.

  Robert Wilson (1803-1870), Unionist ...appointed to fill vacancy, January 17, 1862.

House of Representatives (7 seats)

• 1: Francis P. Blair, Jr. (1821-1875), Republican ...resigned July 1862.
• 2: James S. Rollins (1812-1888), Constitutional Union
• 3: John B. Clark (1802-1885), Democratic ...expelled by resolution of July 13, 1861.

  William A. Hall (1815-1888), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated January 20, 1862.

• 4: Elijah H. Norton (1821-1914), Democratic
• 5: John W. Reid (1821-1881), Democratic ...expelled by resolution of December 2, 1861.

  Thomas L. Price (1809-1870), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated January 21, 1862.

• 6: John S. Phelps (1814-1886), Democratic
• 7: John W. Noell (1816-1863), Democratic

New Hampshire

Senate

• 2: John P. Hale (1806-1873), Republican
• 3: Daniel Clark (1809-1891), Republican

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Gilman Marston (1811-1890), Republican
• 2: Edward H. Rollins (1824-1889), Republican
• 3: Thomas M. Edwards (1795-1875), Republican

New Jersey

Senate

• 1: John R. Thomson (1800-1862), Democratic ...died September 12, 1862.

  Richard S. Field (1803-1870), Republican ...appointed to fill vacancy, November 21, 1862.

  James W. Wall (1820-1872), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, January 14, 1863.

• 2: John C. Ten Eyck (1814-1879), Republican

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• 1: John T. Nixon (1820-1889), Republican
• 2: John L. N. Stratton (1817-1889), Republican
• 3: William G. Steele (1820-1892), Democratic
• 4: George T. Cobb (1813-1870), Democratic
• 5: Nehemiah Perry (1816-1881), Democratic

New York

Senate

• 1: Preston King (1806-1865), Republican
• 3: Ira Harris (1802-1875), Republican

House of Representatives (33 seats)

• 1: Edward H. Smith (1809-1885), Democratic
• 2: Moses F. Odell (1818-1866), Democratic
• 3: Benjamin Wood (1820-1900), Democratic
• 4: James E. Kerrigan (1828-1899), Independent Democratic
• 5: William Wall (1800-1872), Republican
• 6: Frederick A. Conkling (1816-1891), Republican
• 7: Elijah Ward (1816-1882), Democratic
• 8: Isaac C. Delaplaine (1817-1866), Democratic
• 9: Edward Haight (1817-1885), Democratic
• 10: Charles H. Van Wyck (1824-1895), Republican
• 11: John B. Steele (1814-1866), Democratic
• 12: Stephen Baker (1819-1875), Republican
• 13: Abram B. Olin (1808-1879), Republican
• 14: Erastus Corning (1794-1872), Democratic
• 15: James B. McKean (1821-1879), Republican
• 16: William A. Wheeler (1819-1887), Republican
• 17: Socrates N. Sherman (1801-1873), Republican
• 18: Chauncey Vibbard (1811-1891), Democratic
• 19: Richard Franchot (1816-1875), Republican
• 20: Roscoe Conkling (1829-1888), Republican
• 21: R. Holland Duell (1824-1891), Republican
• 22: William E. Lansing (1821-1883), Republican
• 23: Ambrose W. Clark (1810-1887), Republican
• 24: Charles B. Sedgwick (1815-1883), Republican
• 25: Theodore M. Pomeroy (1824-1905), Republican
• 26: Jacob P. Chamberlain (1802-1878), Republican
• 27: Alexander S. Diven (1809-1896), Republican
• 28: Robert B. Van Valkenburg (1821-1888), Republican
• 29: Alfred Ely (1815-1892), Republican
• 30: Augustus Frank (1826-1895), Republican
• 31: Burt Van Horn (1823-1896), Republican
• 32: Elbridge G. Spaulding (1809-1897), Republican
• 33: Reuben E. Fenton (1819-1885), Republican

North Carolina

Senate

• 3: Thomas L. Clingman (1812-1897), Democratic ...withdrew March 11, 1861, state having seceded.
• 2: Thomas Bragg (1810-1872), Democratic ...withdrew March 8, 1861, state having seceded.

House of Representatives (8 seats)

• all seats vacant

Ohio

Senate

• 1: Benjamin F. Wade (1800-1878), Republican
• 3: Salmon P. Chase (1808-1873), Republican ...resigned March 6, 1861.

  John Sherman (1823-1900), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, March 21, 1861.

House of Representatives (21 seats)

• 1: George H. Pendleton (1825-1889), Democratic
• 2: John A. Gurley (1813-1863), Republican
• 3: Clement L. Vallandigham (1820-1871), Democratic
• 4: William Allen (1827-1881), Democratic
• 5: James M. Ashley (1824-1896), Republican
• 6: Chilton A. White (1826-1900), Democratic
• 7: Thomas Corwin (1794-1865), Republican ...resigned March 12, 1861, before Congress assembled.

  Richard A. Harrison (1824-1904), Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, seated July 4, 1861.

• 8: Samuel Shellabarger (1817-1896), Republican
• 9: Warren P. Noble (1820-1903), Democratic
• 10: Carey A. Trimble (1813-1887), Republican
• 11: Valentine B. Horton (1802-1888), Republican
• 12: Samuel S. Cox (1824-1889), Democratic
• 13: John Sherman (1823-1900), Republican ...resigned March 21, 1861, before Congress assembled.

  Samuel T. Worcester (1804-1882), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated July 4, 1861.

• 14: Harrison G. O. Blake (1818-1876), Republican
• 15: Robert H. Nugen (1809-1872), Democratic
• 16: William P. Cutler (1812-1889), Republican
• 17: James R. Morris (1819-1899), Democratic
• 18: Sidney Edgerton (1818-1900), Republican
• 19: Albert G. Riddle (1816-1902), Republican
• 20: John Hutchins (1812-1891), Republican
• 21: John A. Bingham (1815-1900), Republican

Oregon

Senate

• 2: Edward D. Baker (1811-1861), Republican ...died October 21, 1861.

  Benjamin Stark (1820-1898), Democratic ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated February 27, 1862.

  Benjamin F. Harding (1823-1899), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, September 12, 1862.

• 3: James W. Nesmith (1820-1885), Democratic

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Andrew J. Thayer (1818-1873), Democratic ...contested election, served until July 30, 1861.

  George K. Shiel (1825-1893), Democratic ...contested election, seated July 30, 1861.

Pennsylvania

Senate

• 1: Simon Cameron (1799-1889), Republican ...resigned March 4, 1861.

  David Wilmot (1814-1868), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated March 18, 1861.

• 3: Edgar Cowan (1815-1885), Republican

House of Representatives (25 seats)

• 1: William E. Lehman (1821-1895), Democratic
• 2: Edward Joy Morris (1815-1881), Republican ...resigned June 8, 1861, before Congress assembled.

  Charles J. Biddle (1819-1873), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1861.

• 3: John P. Verree (1817-1889), Republican
• 4: William D. Kelley (1814-1890), Republican
• 5: William Morris Davis (1815-1891), Republican
• 6: John Hickman (1810-1875), Republican
• 7: Thomas B. Cooper (1823-1862), Democratic ...died April 4, 1862.

  John D. Stiles (1822-1896), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated June 3, 1862.

• 8: Sydenham E. Ancona (1824-1913), Democratic
• 9: Thaddeus Stevens (1792-1868), Republican
• 10: John W. Killinger (1824-1896), Republican
• 11: James H. Campbell (1820-1895), Republican
• 12: George W. Scranton (1811-1861), Republican ...died March 24, 1861, before Congress assembled.

  Hendrick B. Wright (1808-1881), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated July 4, 1861.

• 13: Philip Johnson (1818-1867), Democratic
• 14: Galusha A. Grow (1823-1907), Republican
• 15: James T. Hale (1810-1865), Republican
• 16: Joseph Bailey (1810-1885), Democratic
• 17: Edward McPherson (1830-1895), Republican
• 18: Samuel S. Blair (1821-1890), Republican
• 19: John Covode (1808-1871), Republican
• 20: Jesse Lazear (1804-1877), Democratic
• 21: James K. Moorhead (1806-1884), Republican
• 22: Robert McKnight (1820-1885), Republican
• 23: John W. Wallace (1818-1889), Republican
• 24: John Patton (1823-1897), Republican
• 25: Elijah Babbitt (1795-1887), Republican

Rhode Island

Senate

• 1: James F. Simmons (1795-1864), Republican ...resigned August 15, 1862.

  Samuel G. Arnold (1821-1880), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, September 5, 1862.

• 2: Henry B. Anthony (1815-1884), Republican

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• 1: William P. Sheffield (1820-1907), Union
• 2: George H. Browne (1811-1885), Union

South Carolina

Senate

• 2: James Chesnut, Jr. (1815-1885), Democratic ...expelled by resolution, July 11, 1861, state having seceded.
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• all seats vacant

Tennessee

Senate

• 1: Andrew Johnson (1808-1875), Democratic ...resigned March 4, 1862.
• 2: Alfred O. P. Nicholson (1808-1876), Democratic ...expelled by resolution of July 11, 1861, state having seceded.

House of Representatives (10 seats)

• 2: Horace Maynard (1814-1882), Unionist ...special election, seated December 2, 1861.
• 3: George W. Bridges (1825-1873), Unionist ...special election, seated February 25, 1863.
• 4: Andrew J. Clements (1832-1913), Unionist ...special election, seated January 13, 1862.

Texas

Senate

• 2: John Hemphill (1803-1862), Democratic ...expelled by resolution of July 11, 1861, state having seceded.
• 1: Louis T. Wigfall (1816-1874), Democratic ...expelled by resolution of July 11, 1861, state having seceded.

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• all seats vacant

Vermont

Senate

• 1: Solomon Foot (1802-1866), Republican
• 3: Jacob Collamer (1791-1865), Republican

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Eliakim P. Walton (1812-1890), Republican
• 2: Justin S. Morrill (1810-1898), Republican
• 3: Portus Baxter (1806-1868), Republican

Virginia

Senate

• 1: James M. Mason (1798-1871), Democratic ...withdrew March 28, 1861, state having seceded.

  Waitman T. Willey (1811-1900), Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, July 9, 1861.

• 2: Robert M. T. Hunter (1809-1887), Democratic ...withdrew March 28, 1861, state having seceded.

  John S. Carlile (1817-1878), Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, July 9, 1861.

House of Representatives (13 seats)

• 1: Joseph E. Segar (1804-1880), Unionist ...special election, seated May 6, 1862.
• 7: Charles H. Upton (1812-1877), Unionist ...contested election, served until February 27, 1862.

  Lewis McKenzie (1810-1895), Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, seated February 16, 1863.

• 10: William G. Brown, Sr. (1800-1884), Unionist
• 11: John S. Carlile (1817-1878), Unionist ...resigned July 9, 1861.

  Jacob B. Blair (1821-1901), Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1861.

• 12: Kellian V. Whaley (1821-1876), Unionist

Wisconsin

Senate

• 1: James R. Doolittle (1815-1897), Republican
• 3: Timothy O. Howe (1816-1883), Republican

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: John F. Potter (1817-1899), Republican
• 2: Luther Hanchett (1825-1862), Republican ...died November 24, 1862

  Walter D. McIndoe (1819-1872), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated January 26, 1863.

• 3: A. Scott Sloan (1820-1895), Republican

Delegates

Colorado Territory

• A/L: Hiram P. Bennet (1826-1914), Republican ...new territory, seated December 2, 1861.

Dakota Territory

• A/L: John B. S. Todd (1814-1872), Democratic ...new territory, seated December 9, 1861.

Nebraska Territory

• A/L: Samuel G. Daily (1823-1866), Republican

Nevada Territory

• A/L: John Cradlebaugh (1819-1872), Independent ...new territory, seated December 2, 1861.

New Mexico Territory

• A/L: John S. Watts (1816-1876), Republican

Utah Territory

• A/L: John M. Bernhisel (1799-1881), Independent

Washington Territory

• A/L: William H. Wallace (1811-1879), Republican

Membership detail by Chamber/Party

The list below is arranged by chamber, then by political party. Members are shown in alphabetical order.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress.

Democratic

A-F James A. Bayard, Jr., Delaware Thomas Bragg, North Carolina (U.S. state) John C. Breckinridge, Kentucky Jesse D. Bright, Indiana . James Chesnut, Jr., South Carolina Thomas L. Clingman, North Carolina (U.S. state) . Stephen A. Douglas, Illinois (U.S. state)

G-O Benjamin F. Harding, Oregon John Hemphill, Texas Robert M. T. Hunter, Virginia Andrew Johnson, Tennessee Waldo Porter Johnson, Missouri Milton S. Latham, California (U.S. state) James M. Mason, Virginia James A. McDougall, California (U.S. state) Charles B. Mitchel, Arkansas (U.S. state) James W. Nesmith, Oregon Alfred O. P. Nicholson, Tennessee

P-Z James A. Pearce, Maryland Trusten Polk, Missouri Lazarus W. Powell, Kentucky Henry M. Rice, Minnesota William A. Richardson, Illinois (U.S. state) Willard Saulsbury, Sr., Delaware William K. Sebastian, Arkansas (U.S. state) Benjamin Stark, Oregon John R. Thomson, New Jersey David Turpie, Indiana James W. Wall, New Jersey Louis T. Wigfall, Texas

Republican

A-F Henry B. Anthony, Rhode Island Samuel G. Arnold, Rhode Island Edward D. Baker, Oregon Kinsley S. Bingham, Michigan Orville H. Browning, Illinois (U.S. state) Simon Cameron, Pennsylvania Zachariah Chandler, Michigan Salmon P. Chase, Ohio Daniel Clark, New Hampshire Jacob Collamer, Vermont Edgar Cowan, Pennsylvania James Dixon, Connecticut James R. Doolittle, Wisconsin William Pitt Fessenden, Maine Richard S. Field, New Jersey Solomon Foot, Vermont La Fayette S. Foster, Connecticut

G-O James W. Grimes, Iowa John P. Hale, New Hampshire James Harlan, Iowa Ira Harris, New York Jacob M. Howard, Michigan Timothy O. Howe, Wisconsin Preston King, New York Henry S. Lane, Indiana James H. Lane, Kansas Lot M. Morrill, Maine

P-Z Samuel C. Pomeroy, Kansas John Sherman, Ohio James F. Simmons, Rhode Island Charles Sumner, Massachusetts John C. Ten Eyck, New Jersey Lyman Trumbull, Illinois (U.S. state) Benjamin F. Wade, Ohio Morton S. Wilkinson, Minnesota David Wilmot, Pennsylvania Henry Wilson, Massachusetts

Unionist

A-F John S. Carlile, Virginia Garrett Davis, Kentucky

G-O John B. Henderson, Missouri Thomas H. Hicks, Maryland Anthony Kennedy, Maryland

P-Z Waitman T. Willey, Virginia Robert Wilson, Missouri Joseph A. Wright, Indiana

House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.

Democratic

A-B-C William Allen, Ohio William J. Allen, Illinois (U.S. state) Sydenham E. Ancona, Pennsylvania Joseph Bailey, Pennsylvania Charles J. Biddle, Pennsylvania Henry C. Burnett, Kentucky John B. Clark, Missouri George T. Cobb, New Jersey Thomas B. Cooper, Pennsylvania Erastus Corning, New York Samuel S. Cox, Ohio James A. Cravens, Indiana D-E-F Isaac C. Delaplaine, New York James E. English, Connecticut Philip B. Fouke, Illinois (U.S. state)

G-H-I Edward Haight, New York William A. Hall, Missouri William S. Holman, Indiana J-K-L Philip Johnson, Pennsylvania Anthony L. Knapp, Illinois (U.S. state) John Law, Indiana Jesse Lazear, Pennsylvania William E. Lehman, Pennsylvania John A. Logan, Illinois (U.S. state) John A. McClernand, Illinois (U.S. state) James R. Morris, Ohio Warren P. Noble, Ohio John W. Noell, Missouri Elijah H. Norton, Missouri Robert H. Nugen, Ohio Moses F. Odell, New York

P-Q-R George H. Pendleton, Ohio Nehemiah Perry, New Jersey John S. Phelps, Missouri Thomas L. Price, Missouri John W. Reid, Missouri James C. Robinson, Illinois (U.S. state) S-T-U-V George K. Shiel, Oregon Edward H. Smith, New York John B. Steele, New York William G. Steele, New Jersey John D. Stiles, Pennsylvania Andrew J. Thayer, Oregon Clement L. Vallandigham, Ohio Chauncey Vibbard, New York Daniel W. Voorhees, Indiana W-X-Y-Z Elijah Ward, New York Chilton A. White, Ohio Benjamin Wood, New York George C. Woodruff, Connecticut Hendrick B. Wright, Pennsylvania

Republican

A-B-C Charles Francis Adams Sr., Massachusetts Cyrus Aldrich, Minnesota John B. Alley, Massachusetts Isaac N. Arnold, Illinois (U.S. state) James M. Ashley, Ohio Elijah Babbitt, Pennsylvania Goldsmith F. Bailey, Massachusetts Stephen Baker, New York Portus Baxter, Vermont Fernando C. Beaman, Michigan John A. Bingham, Ohio Francis P. Blair, Jr., Missouri Samuel S. Blair, Pennsylvania Harrison G. O. Blake, Ohio James Buffinton, Massachusetts Alfred A. Burnham, Connecticut James H. Campbell, Pennsylvania Jacob P. Chamberlain, New York Ambrose W. Clark, New York Schuyler Colfax, Indiana Frederick A. Conkling, New York Roscoe Conkling, New York Martin F. Conway, Kansas Thomas Corwin, Ohio John Covode, Pennsylvania Samuel R. Curtis, Iowa William P. Cutler, Ohio D-E-F William Morris Davis, Pennsylvania Henry L. Dawes, Massachusetts Charles Delano, Massachusetts Alexander S. Diven, New York R. Holland Duell, New York William McKee Dunn, Indiana Sidney Edgerton, Ohio Thomas M. Edwards, New Hampshire Thomas D. Eliot, Massachusetts Alfred Ely, New York Reuben E. Fenton, New York Samuel C. Fessenden, Maine Thomas A. D. Fessenden, Maine Richard Franchot, New York Augustus Frank, New York

G-H-I Daniel W. Gooch, Massachusetts John N. Goodwin, Maine Bradley F. Granger, Michigan Galusha A. Grow, Pennsylvania John A. Gurley, Ohio James T. Hale, Pennsylvania Luther Hanchett, Wisconsin . John Hickman, Pennsylvania Samuel Hooper, Massachusetts Valentine B. Horton, Ohio John Hutchins, Ohio J-K-L George W. Julian, Indiana William D. Kelley, Pennsylvania Francis W. Kellogg, Michigan William Kellogg, Illinois (U.S. state) John W. Killinger, Pennsylvania William E. Lansing, New York Dwight Loomis, Connecticut Owen Lovejoy, Illinois (U.S. state) Frederick F. Low, California (U.S. state) M-N-O Gilman Marston, New Hampshire Walter D. McIndoe, Wisconsin James B. McKean, New York Robert McKnight, Pennsylvania Edward McPherson, Pennsylvania William Mitchell, Indiana James K. Moorhead, Pennsylvania Anson P. Morrill, Maine Justin S. Morrill, Vermont Edward Joy Morris, Pennsylvania John T. Nixon, New Jersey Abram B. Olin, New York

P-Q-R John Patton, Pennsylvania Timothy G. Phelps, California (U.S. state) Frederick A. Pike, Maine Theodore M. Pomeroy, New York Albert G. Porter, Indiana John F. Potter, Wisconsin Alexander H. Rice, Massachusetts John H. Rice, Maine Albert G. Riddle, Ohio Edward H. Rollins, New Hampshire S-T-U-V Aaron A. Sargent, California (U.S. state) Charles B. Sedgwick, New York John P. C. Shanks, Indiana Samuel Shellabarger, Ohio John Sherman, Ohio Socrates N. Sherman, New York A. Scott Sloan, Wisconsin George W. Scranton, Pennsylvania Elbridge G. Spaulding, New York Thaddeus Stevens, Pennsylvania John L. N. Stratton, New Jersey Charles R. Train, Massachusetts Carey A. Trimble, Ohio Rowland E. Trowbridge, Michigan Burt Van Horn, New York Robert B. Van Valkenburg, New York Charles H. Van Wyck, New York William Vandever, Iowa John P. Verree, Pennsylvania W-X-Y-Z Amasa Walker, Massachusetts William Wall, New York John W. Wallace, Pennsylvania Charles W. Walton, Maine Eliakim P. Walton, Vermont Elihu B. Washburne, Illinois (U.S. state) William A. Wheeler, New York Albert S. White, Indiana James F. Wilson, Iowa William Windom, Minnesota Samuel T. Worcester, Ohio

Constitutional Unionist

William Appleton, Massachusetts James S. Rollins, Missouri

Independent Democratic

James E. Kerrigan, New York

Union

George H. Browne, Rhode Island William P. Sheffield, Rhode Island

Unionist

A-F Jacob B. Blair, Virginia George W. Bridges, Tennessee William G. Brown, Sr., Virginia Charles B. Calvert, Maryland John S. Carlile, Virginia Samuel L. Casey, Kentucky Andrew J. Clements, Tennessee John W. Crisfield, Maryland John J. Crittenden, Kentucky George W. Dunlap, Kentucky George P. Fisher, Delaware Benjamin F. Flanders, Louisiana

G-O Henry Grider, Kentucky Michael Hahn, Louisiana Aaron Harding, Kentucky Richard A. Harrison, Ohio James S. Jackson, Kentucky Cornelius L. L. Leary, Maryland Robert Mallory, Kentucky Henry May, Maryland Horace Maynard, Tennessee Lewis McKenzie, Virginia John W. Menzies, Kentucky

P-Z Joseph E. Segar, Virginia Benjamin F. Thomas, Massachusetts Francis Thomas, Maryland Charles H. Upton, Virginia William H. Wadsworth, Kentucky Edwin H. Webster, Maryland Kellian V. Whaley, Virginia Charles A. Wickliffe, Kentucky George H. Yeaman, Kentucky

Membership Changes

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate replacements: 12 Democratic: 6 seat net loss Republican: 1 set net gain Unionist Party: 5 seat net gain deaths: 4 resignations: 4 expulsions: 9 withdrawals: 4 vacancy: 11 interim appointments: 4 seats from newly admitted states: 2 Total seats with changes: 20

House of Representatives replacements: 19 Democratic: 1 seat net gain Republican: 3 seat net loss Constitutional Unionist: 1 seat net loss Unionist Party: 1 seat net gain deaths: 4 resignations: 13 expulsions: 3 contested election: 3 Total seats with changes: 23

Officers

Senate Secretary of the Senate: Asbury Dickens of North Carolina (U.S. state) elected December 12, 1836 John W. Forney of Pennsylvania elected July 15, 1861 Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: Dunning R. McNair of Pennsylvania, elected March 17, 1853 George T. Brown of Illinois (U.S. state), elected July 6, 1861 Chaplain of the Senate The Rev. Phineas D. Gurley, Presbyterian, elected December 15, 1859 The Rev. Byron Sunderland, Presbyterian, elected July 10, 1861 Other Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter, appointed June 11, 1851

House of Representatives Clerk of the House: Emerson Etheridge of Tennessee, elected July 4, 1861 Sergeant at Arms of the House: Edward Ball of Ohio, elected July 4, 1861 Doorkeeper of the House: Ira Goodnow of New York, elected July 4, 1861 Postmaster of the House: William S. King of Minnesota, elected July 4, 1861 Messenger to the Speaker: Thaddeus Morrice Chaplain of the House The Rev. Thomas H. Stockton, Methodist, elected July 4, 1861