Poverty and obesity

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Introduction

Poverty and obesity are very closely linked. In the USA, the highest rates of obesity occur in the poorest population groups. Poverty is associated with lower expenditure on food, and low consumption of fruit and vegetables, and energy-dense foods represent the lowest-cost option for consumers. However, the high energy density and palatability of sweets and fats are associated with higher energy intakes.

Dietary Energy Density

Influence on energy intakes

Energy dense foods result in higher energy intakes overall - list studies on this

Function of water content

The energy density of foods is determined by their water content - energy dilute foods are well hydrated whereas energy dense foods are comparably dry. Affects satiety.

Palatability of energy dense foods

Sugar and fat stimulate reward centers in brain, resulting in human taste preference. List studies on whether this is innate or acquired.

Energy Costs

The Relationship Between Energy Density and Energy Cost

There is an apparent inverse relationship between the energy density of foods and the energy cost of food. This meaning that energy dense foods are cheaper for food consumption then the 'healthier' less energy dense food substances.

Its is observed that diets which are high in fats, sugars and grains are associated with lower diet costs and are an effective way of saving money but still satisfying the need for food.

French studies have shown that for every additional 100g of sweets and fats there was a 0.05 - 0.40 Euro per day reduction in the cost of diet in contrast to each 100g additional portion of fruit and vegetables there was a 0.18 - 0.29 Euro per day increase in dietary costs.

Studies have also shown evidence that in America obesity is an economic issue, rather than a medical, education or genetic issue.