23rd United States Congress
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The Twenty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1833 to March 3, 1835, during the first two years of the second administration of U.S. President Andrew Jackson.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Fifth Census of the United States in 1830. The Senate had an Anti-Jacksonian or National Republican majority, and the House had a Jacksonian or Democratic majority.
1. Dates of sessions
March 4, 1833 - March 3, 1835
- First session: December 2, 1833 - June 30, 1834
- Second session: December 1, 1834 - March 3, 1835
- Previous congress: 22nd Congress
- Next congress: 24th Congress
2. Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
TOTAL members: 48 |
TOTAL members: 240 |
3. Leadership
- Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
- President pro tempore of the Senate:
- Hugh Lawson White, National Republican of Tennessee, elected [[December 2, 1833
- George Poindexter, National Republican of Mississippi, elected [[June 28, 1834
- John Tyler, National Republican of Virginia, elected [[March 3, 1835
- House of Representatives
- Speaker of the House
- Andrew Stevenson, Jacksonian of Virginia, elected [[December 2, 1833
- Speaker of the House
- John Bell, Democratic of Tennessee, elected [[June 2, 1834
4. Major events
5. Major legislation
6. Membership highlights by chamber
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1838; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1836.
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
7. Membership detail by state
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1838; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1836.
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
The list below is arranged by state, then by chamber. Senators are shown in order of seniority, House members in district order.
Alabama
- Senate
- 2: William R. D. King (1786-1853), Democratic
- 3: Gabriel Moore (1785-1845), National Republican
- House of Representatives (5 seats)
- Template:Ushr: Clement C. Clay (1789-1866), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John McKinley (1780-1852), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Samuel W. Mardis (1800-1836), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Dixon H. Lewis (1802-1848), Nullifier
- Template:Ushr: John Murphy (1786-1841), Democratic
Connecticut
- Senate
- 3: Gideon Tomlinson (1780-1854), National Republican
- 1: Nathan Smith (1770-1835), National Republican
- House of Representatives (6 seats) [10]
- Template:Ushr: Noyes Barber (1781-1844), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: William W. Ellsworth (1791-1868), National Republican …resigned [[July 8, 1834.
- Joseph Trumbull (1782-1861), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 1, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: Jabez W. Huntington (1788-1847), National Republican …resigned [[August 16, 1834.
- Phineas Miner (1777-1839), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 1, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: Samuel A. Foote (1780-1846), National Republican …resigned [[May 9, 1834.
- Ebenezer Jackson, Jr. (1796-1874), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 1, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: Samuel Tweedy (1776-1868), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Ebenezer Young (1783-1851), National Republican
Delaware
- Senate
- 2: John M. Clayton (1796-1856), National Republican
- 1: Arnold Naudain (1790-1872), National Republican
- House of Representatives (1 seat)
- Template:Ushr: John J. Milligan (1795-1875), National Republican
Georgia
- Senate
- 2: George M. Troup (1780-1856), Democratic …resigned [[November 8, 1833.
- John P. King (1799-1888), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, [[November 21, 1833.
- 3: John Forsyth (1780-1841), Democratic …resigned [[July 27, 1834.
- Alfred Cuthbert (1785-1856), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, [[January 12, 1835.
- House of Representatives (9 seats) [11]
- Template:Ushr: Augustin S. Clayton (1783-1839), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John E. Coffee (1782-1836), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Thomas F. Foster (1790-1848), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Roger L. Gamble (1787-1847), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: George R. Gilmer (1790-1859), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Seaborn Jones (1788-1864), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: William Schley (1786-1858), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: James M. Wayne (1790-1867), Democratic …resigned [[January 13, 1835.
- Template:Ushr: Richard Henry Wilde (1789-1847), Democratic
Illinois
- Senate
- 3: Elias K. Kane (1794-1835), Democratic
- 2: John M. Robinson (1794-1843), Democratic
- House of Representatives (3 seats)
- Template:Ushr: Charles Slade ( -1834), Democratic …died [[July 26, 1834.
- John Reynolds (1788-1865), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 1, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: Zadok Casey (1796-1862), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Joseph Duncan (1794-1844), Democratic …resigned [[September 21, 1834.
- William L. May (1793c-1849), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 1, 1834.
Indiana
- Senate
- 3: William Hendricks (1782-1850), National Republican
- 1: John Tipton (1786-1839), Democratic
- House of Representatives (7 seats)
- Template:Ushr: Ratliff Boon (1781-1844), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John Ewing (1789-1858), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: John Carr (1793-1845), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Amos Lane (1778-1849), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Johnathan McCarty (1795-1852), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: George L. Kinnard (1803-1836), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Edward A. Hannegan Democratic
Kentucky
- Senate
- 2: George M. Bibb (1776-1859), Democratic
- 3: Henry Clay (1777-1852), National Republican
- House of Representatives (13 seats)
- Template:Ushr: Chittenden Lyon (1787-1842), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Albert G. Hawes (1804-1849), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Christopher Tompkins (1780-1858), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Martin Beaty (1784-1856), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Robert P. Letcher (1788-1861), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Thomas Chilton (1798-1854), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Benjamin Hardin (1784-1852), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Patrick H. Pope (1806-1841), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: James Love (1795-1874), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Chilton Allan (1786-1858), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Amos Davis (1794-1835), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Thomas A. Marshall (1794-1871), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Richard M. Johnson (1780-1850), Democratic
Louisiana
- Senate
- 3: Josiah S. Johnston (1784-1833), National Republican …died [[May 19, 1833.
- Alexander Porter (1785-1844), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, [[December 19, 1833.
- 2: George A. Waggaman (1782-1843), National Republican
- House of Representatives (3 seats)
- Template:Ushr: Edward D. White (1795-1847), National Republican …resigned [[November 15, 1834.
- Henry Johnson (1783-1864), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 1, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: Philemon Thomas (1763-1847), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Henry A. Bullard (1788-1851), National Republican …resigned [[January 4, 1834.
- Rice Garland (1795c-1861), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[April 28, 1834.
Maine
- Senate
- 2 Peleg Sprague (1793-1880), National Republican …resigned [[January 1, 1835.
- John Ruggles (1789-1874), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, [[January 20, 1835.
- 1: Ether Shepley (1789-1877), Democratic
- House of Representatives (8 seats)
- Template:Ushr: Rufus McIntire (1784-1866), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Francis O. J. Smith (1806-1876), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Edward Kavanagh (1795-1844), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: George Evans (1797-1867), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Moses Mason, Jr. (1789-1866), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Joseph Hall (1793-1859), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Leonard Jarvis (1781-1854), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Gorham Parks (1794-1877), Democratic
Maryland
- Senate
- 3: Ezekiel F. Chambers (1788-1867), National Republican …resigned in 1834.
- Robert H. Goldsborough (1779-1836), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, [[January 13, 1835.
- 1: Joseph Kent (1779-1837), National Republican
- House of Representatives (8 seats)
- Template:Ushr: Littleton P. Dennis (1786-1834), National Republican …died [[April 14, 1834.
- John N. Steele (1796-1853), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[June 9, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: Richard B. Carmichael (1807-1884), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: James Turner (1783-1861), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: James P. Heath (1777-1854), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Isaac McKim (1775-1838), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: William Cost Johnson (1806-1860), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Francis Thomas (1799-1876), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John T. Stoddert (1790-1870), Democratic
Massachusetts
- Senate
- 2: Nathaniel Silsbee (1773-1850), National Republican
- 1: Daniel Webster (1782-1852), National Republican
- House of Representatives (12 seats)
- Template:Ushr: Benjamin Gorham (1775-1855), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Rufus Choate (1799-1859), National Republican …resigned [[June 30, 1834.
- Stephen C. Phillips (1801-1857), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 1, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: Gayton P. Osgood (1797-1861), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Edward Everett (1794-1865), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: John Davis (1787-1854), National Republican …resigned [[January 14, 1834.
- Levi Lincoln, Jr. (1782-1868), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[March 5, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: George J. Grennell, Jr. (1786-1877), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: George N. Briggs (1796-1861), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Isaac C. Bates (1779-1845), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: William Jackson (1783-1855), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: William Baylies (1776-1865), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: John Reed, Jr. (1781-1860), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: John Quincy Adams (1767-1848), Anti-Masonic
Mississippi
- Senate
- 2: George Poindexter (1779-1853), National Republican
- 1: John Black ( -1854), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy in class, [[November 22, 1833.
- House of Representatives (2 seats) [12]
- Template:Ushr: Harry Cage ( -1859), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Franklin E. Plummer ( -1847), Democratic
Missouri
- Senate
- 1: Thomas H. Benton (1782-1858), Democratic
- 3: Alexander Buckner (1785-1833), Democratic …died [[June 6, 1833.
- Lewis F. Linn (1796-1843), Democratic …appointed to fill vacancy, [[October 25, 1833, subsequently elected.
- House of Representatives (2 seats) [13]
- Template:Ushr: William H. Ashley (1778-1838), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: John Bull (1803-1863), National Republican
New Hampshire
- Senate
- 2: Samuel Bell (1770-1850), National Republican
- 3: Isaac Hill (1789-1851), Democratic
- House of Representatives (5 seats) [14]
- Template:Ushr: Benning M. Bean (1782-1866), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Robert Burns (1792-1866), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Joseph M. Harper (1787-1865), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Henry Hubbard (1784-1857), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Franklin Pierce (1804-1869), Democratic
New Jersey
- Senate
- 2: Theodore Frelinghuysen (1787-1862), National Republican
- 1: Samuel L. Southard (1787-1842), National Republican
- House of Representatives (6 seats) [15]
- Template:Ushr: Philemon Dickerson (1788-1862), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Samuel Fowler (1779-1844), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Thomas Lee (1780-1856), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: James Parker (1776-1868), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Ferdinand S. Schenck (1790-1860), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: William N. Shinn (1782-1871), Democratic
New York
- Senate
- 3: Silas Wright, Jr. (1795-1847), Democratic
- 1: Nathaniel P. Tallmadge (1795-1864), Democratic
- House of Representatives (40 seats) [16]
- Template:Ushr: Abel Huntington (1777-1858), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Isaac B. Van Houten (1776-1850), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Churchill C. Cambreleng (1786-1862), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Cornelius V. Lawrence (1791-1861), Democratic …resigned [[May 14, 1834.
- John J. Morgan (1770-1849), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 1, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: Dudley Selden ( -1855), Democratic …resigned [[July 1, 1834.
- Charles G. Ferris (1796c-1848), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 1, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: Campbell P. White (1787-1859), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Aaron Ward (1790-1867), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Abraham Bockee (1784-1865), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John W. Brown (1796-1875), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Charles Bodle (1787-1835), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John Adams (1778-1854), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Aaron Vanderpoel (1799-1870), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Job Pierson (1791-1860), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Gerrit Y. Lansing (1783-1862), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John Cramer (1779-1870), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Henry C. Martindale (1780-1860), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Reuben Whallon (1776-1843), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Ransom H. Gillet (1800-1876), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Charles McVean (1802-1848), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Abijah Mann, Jr. (1793-1868), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Samuel Beardsley (1790-1860), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Joel Turrill (1794-1859), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Daniel Wardwell (1791-1878), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Sherman Page (1779-1853), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Noadiah Johnson (1795-1839), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Henry Mitchell (1784-1856), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Nicoll Halsey (1782-1865), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Samuel G. Hathaway (1780-1867), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: William K. Fuller (1792-1883), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: William Taylor (1791-1865), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Rowland Day (1779-1853), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Samuel Clark (1800-1870), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John Dickson (1783-1852), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Edward Howell (1792-1871), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Frederick Whittlesey (1799-1851), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: George W. Lay (1798-1860), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Philo C. Fuller (1787-1855), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Abner Hazeltine (1793-1879), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Millard Fillmore (1800-1874), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Gideon Hard (1797-1885), Anti-Masonic
North Carolina
- Senate
- 2: Bedford Brown (1795-1870), Democratic
- 3: Willie P. Mangum (1792-1861), National Republican
- House of Representatives (13 seats)
- Template:Ushr: William B. Shepard (1799-1852), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Jesse A. Bynum (1797-1868), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Thomas H. Hall (1773-1853), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Jesse Speight (1795-1847), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: James I. McKay (1793-1853), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Micajah T. Hawkins (1790-1858), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Edmund Deberry (1787-1859), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Daniel L. Barringer (1788-1852), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Augustine H. Shepperd (1792-1864), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Abraham Rencher (1798-1883), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Henry W. Connor (1793-1866), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: James Graham (1793-1851), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Lewis Williams (1782-1842), National Republican
Ohio
- Senate
- 3: Thomas Ewing (1789-1871), National Republican
- 1: Thomas Morris (1776-1844), Democratic
- House of Representatives (19 seats)
- Template:Ushr: Robert T. Lytle (1804-1839), Democratic …resigned March 10 1834, elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 27, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: Taylor Webster (1800-1876), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Joseph H. Crane (1782-1851), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Thomas Corwin (1794-1865), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Thomas L. Hamer (1800-1846), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Samuel F. Vinton (1792-1862), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: William Allen (1803-1879), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Jeremiah McLene (1767-1837), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John Chaney (1790-1881), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Joseph Vance (1786-1852), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: James M. Bell (1796-1849), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Robert Mitchell (1778-1848), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: David Spangler (1796-1856), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: William Patterson (1790-1868), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Jonathan Sloane (1785-1854), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Elisha Whittlesey (1783-1863), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: John Thomson (1780-1852), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Benjamin Jones (1787-1861), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Humphrey H. Leavitt (1796-1873), Democratic …resigned [[July 10, 1834.
- Daniel Kilgore (1793-1851), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 1, 1834.
Pennsylvania
- Senate
- 3: William Wilkins (1779-1865), Democratic …resigned [[June 30, 1834.
- James Buchanan (1791-1868), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, [[December 6, 1834.
- 1: Samuel McKean (1787-1841), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy in class, [[December 7, 1833.
- House of Representatives (28 seats) [17]
- Template:Ushr: Joel B. Sutherland (1792-1861), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Horace Binney (1780-1875), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: James Harper (1780-1873), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: John G. Watmough (1793-1861), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Edward Darlington (1795-1884), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: William Hiester (1790-1853), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: David Potts, Jr. (1794c-1863), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Joel K. Mann (1780-1857), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Robert Ramsey (1780-1849), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: David D. Wagener (1792-1860), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Henry King (1790-1861), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (1782-1844), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: William Clark (1774-1851), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Charles A. Barnitz (1780-1850), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: George Chambers (1786-1866), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Jesse Miller (1800-1850), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Joseph Henderson (1791-1863), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Andrew Beaumont (1790-1853), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Joseph B. Anthony (1795-1851), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John Laporte (1798-1862), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: George Burd (1793-1844), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Richard Coulter (1788-1852), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Andrew Stewart (1791-1872), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Thomas M. T. McKennan (1794-1852), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Harmar Denny (1794-1852), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Samuel S. Harrison (1780-1853), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John Banks (1793-1864), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: John Galbraith (1794-1860), Democratic
Rhode Island
- Senate
- 2: Nehemiah R. Knight (1780-1854), National Republican
- 1: Asher Robbins (1757-1845), National Republican
- House of Representatives (2 seats) [18]
- Template:Ushr: Tristam Burges (1770-1853), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Dutee J. Pearce (1789-1849), Anti-Masonic
South Carolina
- Senate
- 2: John C. Calhoun (1782-1850), Nullifier
- 3: William C. Preston (1794-1860), Nullifier …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, [[November 26, 1833.
- House of Representatives (9 seats)
- Template:Ushr: Henry L. Pinckney (1794-1863), Nullifier
- Template:Ushr: William J. Grayson (1788-1863), Nullifier
- Template:Ushr: Thomas D. Singleton ( -1833), Nullifier …died [[November 25, 1833.
- Robert B. Campbell ( -1862), Nullifier …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[February 27, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: John M. Felder (1782-1851), Nullifier
- Template:Ushr: George McDuffie (1790-1851), Nullifier …resigned in 1834.
- Francis W. Pickens (1805-1869), Nullifier …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 8, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: Warren R. Davis (1793-1835), Nullifier …died [[January 29, 1835.
- Template:Ushr: William K. Clowney (1797-1851), Nullifier
- Template:Ushr: James Blair (1790c-1834), Democratic …died [[April 1, 1834.
- Richard I. Manning (1789-1836), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 8, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: John K. Griffin (1789-1841), Nullifier
Tennessee
- Senate
- 2: Hugh Lawson White (1773-1840), Democratic
- 1: Felix Grundy (1777-1840), Democratic
- House of Representatives (13 seats)
- Template:Ushr: John Blair (1790-1863), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Samuel Bunch (1786-1849), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Luke Lea (1783-1851), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: James I. Standifer (1782-1837), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John B. Forester ( -1845), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Balie Peyton (1803-1878), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John Bell (1797-1869), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: David W. Dickinson (1808-1845), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: James K. Polk (1795-1849), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: William M. Inge (1802-1846), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Cave Johnson (1793-1866), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: David Crockett (1786-1836), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: William C. Dunlap (1798-1872), Democratic
Vermont
- Senate
- 3: Samuel Prentiss (1782-1857), National Republican
- 1: Benjamin Swift (1781-1847), National Republican
- House of Representatives (5 seats)
- Template:Ushr: Hiland Hall (1795-1885), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: William Slade (1786-1859), Anti-Masonic
- Template:Ushr: Horace Everett (1779-1851), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Heman Allen (1777-1844), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Benjamin F. Deming (1790-1834), Anti-Masonic …died [[July 11, 1834.
- Henry F. Janes (1792-1879), Anti-Masonic …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 2, 1834.
Virginia
- Senate
- 1: John Tyler (1790-1862), National Republican
- 2: William C. Rives (1793-1868), Democratic …resigned [[February 22, 1834.
- Benjamin W. Leigh (1781-1849), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, [[February 26, 1834.
- House of Representatives (21 seats)
- Template:Ushr: George Loyall (1789-1868), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John Y. Mason (1799-1859), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: William S. Archer (1789-1855), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: James H. Gholson (1798-1848), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: John Randolph (1773-1833), Democratic …died [[May 24, 1833.
- Thomas T. Bouldin (1781-1834), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 2, 1833, died February 11 1834.
- James W. Bouldin (1792-1854), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[March 28, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: Thomas Davenport ( -1838), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Nathaniel H. Claiborne (1777-1859), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Henry A. Wise (1806-1876), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: William P. Taylor ( - ), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Joseph W. Chinn (1798-1840), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857), Democratic …resigned [[June 2, 1834.
- John Robertson (1787-1873), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated [[December 8, 1834.
- Template:Ushr: William F. Gordon (1787-1858), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John M. Patton (1797-1858), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Charles F. Mercer (1778-1858), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Edward Lucas (1780-1858), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: James M. H. Beale (1786-1866), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: Samuel M. Moore (1796-1875), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: John H. Fulton ( -1836), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: William McComas (1795-1865), Democratic
- Template:Ushr: John J. Allen (1797-1871), National Republican
- Template:Ushr: Edgar C. Wilson (1800-1860), National Republican
Delegates
- Arkansas Territory
- Template:Ushr: Ambrose H. Sevier (1801-1848), Democratic
- Florida Territory
- Template:Ushr: Joseph M. White (1781-1839),
- Michigan Territory
- Template:Ushr: Lucius Lyon (1800-1851), Democratic
Notes
- ↑ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- ↑ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- ↑ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- ↑ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- ↑ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- ↑ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- ↑ There were four plural districts, the 8th, 17th, 22nd & 23rd had two representatives each, the 3rd had four representatives.
- ↑ There were two plural districts, the 2nd had two representatives, the 4th had three representatives.
- ↑ Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- ↑ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- ↑ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- ↑ All representatives were elected statewide on a [[general ticket,.
- ↑ all representatives were elected statewide on a [[general ticket.
- ↑ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- ↑ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
- ↑ There were four plural districts, the 8th, 17th, 22nd & 23rd had two representatives each, the 3rd had four representatives.
- ↑ There were two plural districts, the 2nd had two representatives, the 4th had three representatives.
- ↑ Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
XXX
The list below is arranged by chamber, then by political party. Members are shown in alphabetical order.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress.
Democratic
- A-F
- Thomas H. Benton (1782-1858), Missouri
- George M. Bibb (1776-1859), Kentucky
- Bedford Brown (1795-1870), North Carolina
- James Buchanan (1791-1868), Pennsylvania …elected to fill vacancy, December 6 1834.
- Alexander Buckner (1785-1833), Missouri …died June 6 1833.
- Alfred Cuthbert (1785-1856), Georgia …elected to fill vacancy, January 12 1835.
- John Forsyth (1780-1841), Georgia …resigned July 27 1834.
- G-L
- Felix Grundy (1777-1840), Tennessee
- Isaac Hill (1789-1851), New Hampshire
- Elias K. Kane (1794-1835), Illinois
- John P. King (1799-1888), Georgia …elected to fill vacancy, November 21 1833.
- William R. D. King (1786-1853), Alabama
- Lewis F. Linn (1796-1843), Missouri …appointed to fill vacancy, October 25 1833, subsequently elected.
- M-R
- Samuel McKean (1787-1841), Pennsylvania …elected to fill vacancy in class, December 7 1833.
- Thomas Morris (1776-1844), Ohio
- William C. Rives (1793-1868), Virginia …resigned February 22 1834.
- John M. Robinson (1794-1843), Illinois
- John Ruggles (1789-1874), Maine …elected to fill vacancy, January 20 1835.
- S-Z
- Ether Shepley (1789-1877), Maine
- Nathaniel P. Tallmadge (1795-1864), New York
- John Tipton (1786-1839), Indiana
- George M. Troup (1780-1856), Georgia …resigned November 8 1833.
- Hugh Lawson White (1773-1840), Tennessee
- William Wilkins (1779-1865), Pennsylvania …resigned June 30 1834.
- Silas Wright, Jr. (1795-1847), New York
National Republican
- A-F
- Samuel Bell (1770-1850), New Hampshire
- John Black ( -1854), Mississippi …elected to fill vacancy in class, November 22 1833.
- Ezekiel F. Chambers (1788-1867), Maryland …resigned in 1834.
- Henry Clay (1777-1852), Kentucky
- John M. Clayton (1796-1856), Delaware
- Thomas Ewing (1789-1871), Ohio
- Theodore Frelinghuysen (1787-1862), New Jersey
- G-L
- Robert H. Goldsborough (1779-1836), Maryland …elected to fill vacancy, January 13 1835.
- William Hendricks (1782-1850), Indiana
- Josiah S. Johnston (1784-1833), Louisiana …died May 19 1833.
- Joseph Kent (1779-1837), Maryland
- Nehemiah R. Knight (1780-1854), Rhode Island
- Benjamin W. Leigh (1781-1849), Virginia …elected to fill vacancy, February 26 1834.
- M-R
- Willie P. Mangum (1792-1861), North Carolina
- Gabriel Moore (1785-1845), Alabama
- Arnold Naudain (1790-1872), Delaware
- George Poindexter (1779-1853), Mississippi
- Alexander Porter (1785-1844), Louisiana …elected to fill vacancy, December 19 1833.
- Samuel Prentiss (1782-1857), Vermont
- Asher Robbins (1757-1845), Rhode Island
- S-Z
- Nathaniel Silsbee (1773-1850), Massachusetts
- Nathan Smith (1770-1835), Connecticut
- Samuel L. Southard (1787-1842), New Jersey
- Peleg Sprague (1793-1880), Maine …resigned January 1 1835.
- Benjamin Swift (1781-1847), Vermont
- Gideon Tomlinson (1780-1854), Connecticut
- John Tyler (1790-1862), Virginia
- George A. Waggaman (1782-1843), Louisiana
- Daniel Webster (1782-1852), Massachusetts
Nullifier
- John C. Calhoun (1782-1850), South Carolina
- William C. Preston (1794-1860), South Carolina …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, November 26 1833.
House of Representatives
Members of the House of Representatives were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.
Democratic
- A-B-C
- John Adams (1778-1854), New York
- William Allen (1803-1879), Ohio
- Joseph B. Anthony (1795-1851), Pennsylvania
- William S. Archer (1789-1855), Virginia
- James M. H. Beale (1786-1866), Virginia
- Benning M. Bean (1782-1866), New Hampshire
- Samuel Beardsley (1790-1860), New York
- Andrew Beaumont (1790-1853), Pennsylvania
- John Bell (1797-1869), Tennessee
- James Blair (1790c-1834), South Carolina …died April 1 1834.
- John Blair (1790-1863), Tennessee
- Abraham Bockee (1784-1865), New York
- Charles Bodle (1787-1835), New York
- Ratliff Boon (1781-1844), Indiana
- James W. Bouldin (1792-1854), Virginia …elected to fill vacancy, seated March 28 1834.
- Thomas T. Bouldin (1781-1834), Virginia …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2 1833, died February 11 1834.
- John W. Brown (1796-1875), New York
- Samuel Bunch (1786-1849), Tennessee
- Robert Burns (1792-1866), New Hampshire
- Jesse A. Bynum (1797-1868), North Carolina
- Harry Cage ( -1859), Mississippi
- Churchill C. Cambreleng (1786-1862), New York
- Richard B. Carmichael (1807-1884), Maryland
- John Carr (1793-1845), Indiana
- Zadok Casey (1796-1862), Illinois
- John Chaney (1790-1881), Ohio
- Joseph W. Chinn (1798-1840), Virginia
- Nathaniel H. Claiborne (1777-1859), Virginia
- Samuel Clark (1800-1870), New York
- Clement C. Clay (1789-1866), Alabama
- Augustin S. Clayton (1783-1839), Georgia
- John E. Coffee (1782-1836), Georgia
- Henry W. Connor (1793-1866), North Carolina
- Richard Coulter (1788-1852), Pennsylvania
- John Cramer (1779-1870), New York
- D-E-F
- Rowland Day (1779-1853), New York
- Philemon Dickerson (1788-1862), New Jersey
- David W. Dickinson (1808-1845), Tennessee
- Joseph Duncan (1794-1844), Illinois …resigned September 21 1834.
- William C. Dunlap (1798-1872), Tennessee
- G-H-I
- Charles G. Ferris (1796c-1848), New York …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1 1834.
- John B. Forester ( -1845), Tennessee
- Thomas F. Foster (1790-1848), Georgia
- Samuel Fowler (1779-1844), New Jersey
- William K. Fuller (1792-1883), New York
- John H. Fulton ( -1836), Virginia
- John Galbraith (1794-1860), Pennsylvania
- Roger L. Gamble (1787-1847), Georgia
- Ransom H. Gillet (1800-1876), New York
- George R. Gilmer (1790-1859), Georgia
- William F. Gordon (1787-1858), Virginia
- Joseph Hall (1793-1859), Maine
- Thomas H. Hall (1773-1853), North Carolina
- Nicoll Halsey (1782-1865), New York
- Thomas L. Hamer (1800-1846), Ohio
- Edward A. Hannegan Indiana
- Joseph M. Harper (1787-1865), New Hampshire
- Samuel S. Harrison (1780-1853), Pennsylvania
- Samuel G. Hathaway (1780-1867), New York
- Albert G. Hawes (1804-1849), Kentucky
- Micajah T. Hawkins (1790-1858), North Carolina
- James P. Heath (1777-1854), Maryland
- Joseph Henderson (1791-1863), Pennsylvania
- Edward Howell (1792-1871), New York
- Henry Hubbard (1784-1857), New Hampshire
- Abel Huntington (1777-1858), New York
- William M. Inge (1802-1846), Tennessee
- J-K-L
- Leonard Jarvis (1781-1854), Maine
- Cave Johnson (1793-1866), Tennessee
- Noadiah Johnson (1795-1839), New York
- Richard M. Johnson (1780-1850), Kentucky
- Benjamin Jones (1787-1861), Ohio
- Seaborn Jones (1788-1864), Georgia
- Edward Kavanagh (1795-1844), Maine
- Daniel Kilgore (1793-1851), Ohio …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1 1834.
- Henry King (1790-1861), Pennsylvania
- George L. Kinnard (1803-1836), Indiana
- Amos Lane (1778-1849), Indiana
- Gerrit Y. Lansing (1783-1862), New York
- John Laporte (1798-1862), Pennsylvania
- Cornelius V. Lawrence (1791-1861), New York …resigned May 14 1834.
- Luke Lea (1783-1851), Tennessee
- Humphrey H. Leavitt (1796-1873), Ohio …resigned July 10 1834.
- Thomas Lee (1780-1856), New Jersey
- George Loyall (1789-1868), Virginia
- Edward Lucas (1780-1858), Virginia
- Chittenden Lyon (1787-1842), Kentucky
- Robert T. Lytle (1804-1839), Ohio …resigned March 10 1834, elected to fill vacancy, seated December 27 1834.
- M-N-O
- Abijah Mann, Jr. (1793-1868), New York
- Joel K. Mann (1780-1857), Pennsylvania
- Richard I. Manning (1789-1836), South Carolina …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 8 1834.
- Samuel W. Mardis (1800-1836), Alabama
- John Y. Mason (1799-1859), Virginia
- Moses Mason, Jr. (1789-1866), Maine
- William L. May (1793c-1849), Illinois …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1 1834.
- Johnathan McCarty (1795-1852), Indiana
- William McComas (1795-1865), Virginia
- Rufus McIntire (1784-1866), Maine
- James I. McKay (1793-1853), North Carolina
- Isaac McKim (1775-1838), Maryland
- John McKinley (1780-1852), Alabama
- Jeremiah McLene (1767-1837), Ohio
- Charles McVean (1802-1848), New York
- Jesse Miller (1800-1850), Pennsylvania
- Henry Mitchell (1784-1856), New York
- Robert Mitchell (1778-1848), Ohio
- John J. Morgan (1770-1849), New York …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1 1834.
- Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (1782-1844), Pennsylvania
- John Murphy (1786-1841), Alabama
- Gayton P. Osgood (1797-1861), Massachusetts
- P-Q-R
- Sherman Page (1779-1853), New York
- James Parker (1776-1868), New Jersey
- Gorham Parks (1794-1877), Maine
- William Patterson (1790-1868), Ohio
- John M. Patton (1797-1858), Virginia
- Balie Peyton (1803-1878), Tennessee
- Franklin Pierce (1804-1869), New Hampshire
- Job Pierson (1791-1860), New York
- Franklin E. Plummer ( -1847), Mississippi
- James K. Polk (1795-1849), Tennessee
- Patrick H. Pope (1806-1841), Kentucky
- Robert Ramsey (1780-1849), Pennsylvania
- John Randolph (1773-1833), Virginia …died May 24 1833.
- John Reynolds (1788-1865), Illinois …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1 1834.
- S-T-U-V
- Ferdinand S. Schenck (1790-1860), New Jersey
- William Schley (1786-1858), Georgia
- Dudley Selden ( -1855), New York …resigned July 1 1834.
- William N. Shinn (1782-1871), New Jersey
- Charles Slade ( -1834), Illinois …died July 26 1834.
- Francis O. J. Smith (1806-1876), Maine
- Jesse Speight (1795-1847), North Carolina
- James I. Standifer (1782-1837), Tennessee
- Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857), Virginia …resigned June 2 1834.
- John T. Stoddert (1790-1870), Maryland
- Joel B. Sutherland (1792-1861), Pennsylvania
- William Taylor (1791-1865), New York
- Francis Thomas (1799-1876), Maryland
- John Thomson (1780-1852), Ohio
- James Turner (1783-1861), Maryland
- Joel Turrill (1794-1859), New York
- Isaac B. Van Houten (1776-1850), New York
- Aaron Vanderpoel (1799-1870), New York
- David D. Wagener (1792-1860), Pennsylvania
- W-X-Y-Z
- Aaron Ward (1790-1867), New York
- Daniel Wardwell (1791-1878), New York
- James M. Wayne (1790-1867), Georgia …resigned January 13 1835.
- Taylor Webster (1800-1876), Ohio
- Reuben Whallon (1776-1843), New York
- Campbell P. White (1787-1859), New York
- Richard Henry Wilde (1789-1847), Georgia
- Henry A. Wise (1806-1876), Virginia
National Republican
- A-B-C
- Chilton Allan (1786-1858), Kentucky
- Heman Allen (1777-1844), Vermont
- John J. Allen (1797-1871), Virginia
- William H. Ashley (1778-1838), Missouri
- Noyes Barber (1781-1844), Connecticut
- Daniel L. Barringer (1788-1852), North Carolina
- Isaac C. Bates (1779-1845), Massachusetts
- William Baylies (1776-1865), Massachusetts
- Martin Beaty (1784-1856), Kentucky
- James M. Bell (1796-1849), Ohio
- Horace Binney (1780-1875), Pennsylvania
- George N. Briggs (1796-1861), Massachusetts
- John Bull (1803-1863), Missouri
- Henry A. Bullard (1788-1851), Louisiana …resigned January 4 1834.
- George Burd (1793-1844), Pennsylvania
- Tristam Burges (1770-1853), Rhode Island
- Thomas Chilton (1798-1854), Kentucky
- Rufus Choate (1799-1859), Massachusetts …resigned June 30 1834.
- Thomas Corwin (1794-1865), Ohio
- Joseph H. Crane (1782-1851), Ohio
- David Crockett (1786-1836), Tennessee
- D-E-F
- Thomas Davenport ( -1838), Virginia
- Amos Davis (1794-1835), Kentucky
- John Davis (1787-1854), Massachusetts …resigned January 14 1834.
- Edmund Deberry (1787-1859), North Carolina
- Littleton P. Dennis (1786-1834), Maryland …died April 14 1834.
- William W. Ellsworth (1791-1868), Connecticut …resigned July 8 1834.
- George Evans (1797-1867), Maine
- Edward Everett (1794-1865), Massachusetts
- Horace Everett (1779-1851), Vermont
- John Ewing (1789-1858), Indiana
- Samuel A. Foote (1780-1846), Connecticut …resigned May 9 1834.
- G-H-I
- Rice Garland (1795c-1861), Louisiana …elected to fill vacancy, seated April 28 1834.
- James H. Gholson (1798-1848), Virginia
- Benjamin Gorham (1775-1855), Massachusetts
- James Graham (1793-1851), North Carolina
- George J. Grennell, Jr. (1786-1877), Massachusetts
- Hiland Hall (1795-1885), Vermont
- Benjamin Hardin (1784-1852), Kentucky
- James Harper (1780-1873), Pennsylvania
- Jabez W. Huntington (1788-1847), Connecticut …resigned August 16 1834.
- J-K-L
- Ebenezer Jackson, Jr. (1796-1874), Connecticut …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1 1834.
- Henry Johnson (1783-1864), Louisiana …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1 1834.
- William Cost Johnson (1806-1860), Maryland
- Robert P. Letcher (1788-1861), Kentucky
- Levi Lincoln, Jr. (1782-1868), Massachusetts …elected to fill vacancy, seated March 5 1834.
- James Love (1795-1874), Kentucky
- M-N-O
- Thomas A. Marshall (1794-1871), Kentucky
- Charles F. Mercer (1778-1858), Virginia
- John J. Milligan (1795-1875), Delaware
- Phineas Miner (1777-1839), Connecticut …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1 1834.
- Samuel M. Moore (1796-1875), Virginia
- P-Q-R
- Stephen C. Phillips (1801-1857), Massachusetts …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1 1834.
- John Reed, Jr. (1781-1860), Massachusetts
- Abraham Rencher (1798-1883), North Carolina
- John Robertson (1787-1873), Virginia …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 8 1834.
- S-T-U-V
- William B. Shepard (1799-1852), North Carolina
- Augustine H. Shepperd (1792-1864), North Carolina
- David Spangler (1796-1856), Ohio
- John N. Steele (1796-1853), Maryland …elected to fill vacancy, seated June 9 1834.
- William P. Taylor ( - ), Virginia
- Philemon Thomas (1763-1847), Louisiana
- Christopher Tompkins (1780-1858), Kentucky
- Joseph Trumbull (1782-1861), Connecticut …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 1 1834.
- Samuel Tweedy (1776-1868), Connecticut
- Joseph Vance (1786-1852), Ohio
- Samuel F. Vinton (1792-1862), Ohio
- W-X-Y-Z
- John G. Watmough (1793-1861), Pennsylvania
- Edward D. White (1795-1847), Louisiana …resigned November 15 1834.
- Lewis Williams (1782-1842), North Carolina
- Edgar C. Wilson (1800-1860), Virginia
- Ebenezer Young (1783-1851), Connecticut
Anti-Masonic
- A-L
- John Quincy Adams (1767-1848), Massachusetts
- John Banks (1793-1864), Pennsylvania
- Charles A. Barnitz (1780-1850), Pennsylvania
- George Chambers (1786-1866), Pennsylvania
- William Clark (1774-1851), Pennsylvania
- Edward Darlington (1795-1884), Pennsylvania
- Benjamin F. Deming (1790-1834), Vermont …died July 11 1834.
- Harmar Denny (1794-1852), Pennsylvania
- John Dickson (1783-1852), New York
- Millard Fillmore (1800-1874), New York
- Philo C. Fuller (1787-1855), New York
- Gideon Hard (1797-1885), New York
- Abner Hazeltine (1793-1879), New York
- William Hiester (1790-1853), Pennsylvania
- Henry F. Janes (1792-1879), Vermont …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2 1834.
- William Jackson (1783-1855), Massachusetts
- George W. Lay (1798-1860), New York
- M-Z
- Henry C. Martindale (1780-1860), New York
- Thomas M. T. McKennan (1794-1852), Pennsylvania
- Dutee J. Pearce (1789-1849), Rhode Island
- David Potts, Jr. (1794c-1863), Pennsylvania
- William Slade (1786-1859), Vermont
- Jonathan Sloane (1785-1854), Ohio
- Andrew Stewart (1791-1872), Pennsylvania
- Elisha Whittlesey (1783-1863), Ohio
- Frederick Whittlesey (1799-1851), New York
Nullifier
- A-Z
- Robert B. Campbell ( -1862), South Carolina …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 27 1834.
- William K. Clowney (1797-1851), South Carolina
- Warren R. Davis (1793-1835), South Carolina …died January 29 1835.
- John M. Felder (1782-1851), South Carolina
- William J. Grayson (1788-1863), South Carolina
- John K. Griffin (1789-1841), South Carolina
- Dixon H. Lewis (1802-1848), Alabama
- George McDuffie (1790-1851), South Carolina …resigned in 1834.
- Francis W. Pickens (1805-1869), South Carolina …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 8 1834.
- Henry L. Pinckney (1794-1863), South Carolina
- Thomas D. Singleton ( -1833), South Carolina …died November 25 1833.
xxx
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
|
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xxx
Membership changes
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
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Senate
House of Representatives
Notes
Officers
|
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Notes
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.