Foscarnet
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| foscarnet | |||||||
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| Uses: | treatment of CMV retinitis, herpes and HIV. | ||||||
| Properties: | antiviral agent | ||||||
| Hazards: | renal toxicity, seizures | ||||||
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Foscarnet is an antiviral drug used to treat retinitis due to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 & HSV-2) infections in patients with compromised immune systems, often associated with HIV/AIDS. Foscarnet is usually injected, as the trisodium salt, due to poor absorption.
Mechanism of action
Foscarnet binds to pyrophosphate binding sites of DNA polymerases and thus inhibits the production of viral DNA by blocking the energy source (pyrophosphate) from reaching the viral polymerases. Cellular DNA polymerases are not effected by the dosages at which foscarnet is taken.
Warnings
Renal toxicity and impairment is a concern when using foscarnet. Associated changes in mineral and electrolyte concentrations may also cause seizures, so hydration must be ensured and serium creatinine levels monitored.
Chemistry
Foscarnet is a carboxylic acid-based organic mimic of the natural inorganic compound pyrophosphate. The chemical name of foscarnet is phosphonoformic acid and it has chemical formula CH3O5P, giving it a molecular mass of 126.0053 g/mol. Being already phosphorylated, foscarnet does not need to be phosphorylated to become active. Becuase of this, viral strains resistant to acyclovir or ganciclovir, associated with thymidine kinase deficiency, may be treatable with foscarnet. Foscarnet and related compounds, like phosphonoacetic acid (PAA), can be synthesized by reacting chloroformic acid esters with phosphites[1], typical of an Arbuzov reaction.
Synonyms and brand names
Synonyms
- Carboxyphosphonic acid
- Dihydroxyphosphinecarboxylic acid oxide
- Foscarnet sodium
- Forscarnet sodium
- hydroxycarbonyl phosphonic acid
- PFA
- Phosphonocarboxylic acid
- Phosphonoformate
- Phosphonoformic acid
Brand names
- Foscarmet®
- Foscavir®
- Triapten®
External links
- Foscarnet - FDA approved drug information (drug label) from DailyMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
- Template:MedMaster
- Template:DrugBank
References
- ↑ Noren, Helgstrand, Johansson, Misiorny and Stening (1983). "Synthesis of esters of phosphonoformic acid and their antiherpes activity". J. Med. Chem. 26 (2): 264-270. [e]