User:David E. Volk/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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== Chemistry == | == Chemistry == | ||
Traditionally, DNA is synthesized by linking [[phosphoramite]]s sequentially. If only one of the non-bridging oxygen atoms is replaced, standard DNA synthesis methods can be used, but instead of the standard oxidation step after the cooupling reaction, the [[Beaucage reagent]] is used to incorporate a single sulfur atom. If both non-bridging oxygen atoms are to be replaced, [[thiophophoramidite]]s, rather than phosphoramidites, are used to provide the first sulfur atom, and subsequent [[oxidation]] with the Beaucage reagent provides the second sulfur atom. The chemistry required to develope DNA with the incorporation of sulfur atoms was discovered independently by research groups headed by [[David G. Gorenstein]] and [[ | Traditionally, DNA is synthesized by linking [[phosphoramite]]s sequentially. If only one of the non-bridging oxygen atoms is replaced, standard DNA synthesis methods can be used, but instead of the standard oxidation step after the cooupling reaction, the [[Beaucage reagent]] is used to incorporate a single sulfur atom. If both non-bridging oxygen atoms are to be replaced, [[thiophophoramidite]]s, rather than phosphoramidites, are used to provide the first sulfur atom, and subsequent [[oxidation]] with the Beaucage reagent provides the second sulfur atom. The chemistry required to develope DNA with the incorporation of two sulfur atoms was discovered independently by research groups headed by [[David G. Gorenstein]] and [[Marvin H. Caruthers]] decades ago, and the methods have subsequently been improved [http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/joceah/1996/61/i13/abs/jo960274y.html]. | ||
== references == | == references == | ||
Revision as of 12:52, 28 February 2008
My Sandbox:
Thioaptamers® are a class of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) aptamers, in which some or all of the non-bridging oxygen atoms of phosphodiester bonds have been replaced by sulfur atoms in order to increase binding energies with proteins and to slow down degradation caused by nuclease enzymes, so that they may be used to bind to proteins and regulate functions within cells. At present, no Thioaptamer® drugs have been approved for medical use, but a number of them have been designed to bind to NF-kB[1] and AP1 proteins which are key regulators of the immune system, and to viral envelope proteins. These agents are being actively studied.
Chemistry
Traditionally, DNA is synthesized by linking phosphoramites sequentially. If only one of the non-bridging oxygen atoms is replaced, standard DNA synthesis methods can be used, but instead of the standard oxidation step after the cooupling reaction, the Beaucage reagent is used to incorporate a single sulfur atom. If both non-bridging oxygen atoms are to be replaced, thiophophoramidites, rather than phosphoramidites, are used to provide the first sulfur atom, and subsequent oxidation with the Beaucage reagent provides the second sulfur atom. The chemistry required to develope DNA with the incorporation of two sulfur atoms was discovered independently by research groups headed by David G. Gorenstein and Marvin H. Caruthers decades ago, and the methods have subsequently been improved [1].
references
- ↑ Volk, D. E., Yang, X., Fennewald, S. M., King, D. J., Bassett, S. E., Venkitachalama, S., Herzog, N., Luxon, B. A. and Gorenstein, D. G. (2002). "Solution structure and design of dithiophosphate backbone aptamers targeting transcription factor NF-κB". Bioorg. Chem. 30: 396-419.