imported>Howard C. Berkowitz |
|
| (35 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{subpages}} | | {{subpages}} |
| {{TOC|right}}
| | The '''Director of National Intelligence''' ('''DNI''') is appointed by the [[President of the United States of America]], subject to approval by the [[U.S. Senate]]. While the Director of National Intelligence is a cabinet-level position, its office-holder is not automatically a member of the president's cabinet (but could be invited by a given president to cabinet membership for that term). The DNI heads the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), headquartered in McLean, Virginia (a suburb of [[Washington, D.C.]]). As of 2024, the Office has about 1750 employees. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence was created in 2004 by the ''Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act''<ref name=Law /> One of the main functions of the ODNI is to produce the President's Daily Brief, a classified document including intelligence from all the different U.S. intelligence agencies, that is handed each morning to the President.<ref name=WPost /><ref name=WPedia /> |
| The '''Director of National Intelligence''' ('''DNI''') is the United States government official subject to the authority, direction and control of the [[President of the United States|President]] who is responsible under the [[Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004]] for: | |
| * Serving as the principal adviser to the [[President of the United States|President]], the [[National Security Council|National Security Council]], and the [[Homeland Security Council]] for intelligence matters related to the national security;
| |
| * Serving as the head of the sixteen-member [[United States Intelligence Community]] (IC); and
| |
| * Overseeing and directing the [[National Intelligence Program]].
| |
| [[Admiral]] [[Dennis Blair]] was confirmed on January 28, 2009, but [[James Clapper]] was confirmed as his replacement in August 2010.
| |
|
| |
|
| As was the case when the CIA headed the IC, the Director and Principal Deputy Director cannot both be active-duty military officers. A difference is that the Congress expressed a desire that one either be a military intelligence officer, usually of four-star rank, or have extensive experience in military intelligence. {{UnitedStatesCode|50|403-3a}}
| | Prior to 2004, the U.S. intelligence community's head was called the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) and was simultaneously head of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The 2004 law abolished the DCI position and created instead the "Director of the CIA" office which is subordinate to the Director of National Intelligence who, however, lacks full budgetary authority over the intelligence agencies of the [[U.S. Department of Defense]].<ref name=NoBudget /> This is the main reason that critics say that the DNI's powers are too weak adequately to improve the cooperation of U.S. intelligence agencies.<ref>{{cite news | last=Kaplan | first=Fred | title=You Call That a Reform Bill? | date=7 December 2004 | publisher=Slate Magazine| url=http://www.slate.com/id/2110767/}}</ref> Monitoring the implementation of this Act is a responsibility of the [[House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]] and the [[Senate Select Committee on Intelligence]]. |
| == Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) == | |
| The [[Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004]] established the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) as an independent agency to assist the DNI. The [[ODNI]] has about 1,500 employees. The [[National Counterterrorism Center]] is a major organization within the ODNI.
| |
|
| |
|
| On March 23, 2007, DNI [[Mike McConnell]] announced organizational changes, which include:
| | ==References== |
| *elevating acquisition to a new Deputy DNI position
| | <references> |
| *creating a new Deputy DNI for Policy, Plans, and Requirements (replacing the Deputy DNI for Requirements position)
| |
| *establishing an Executive Committee
| |
| *designating the Chief of Staff position as the new Director of the Intelligence Staff.
| |
| ===Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence===
| |
| [[Donald Kerr|Donald M. Kerr]] was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to be Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence on 4 October 2007. Previously, he headed the [[National Reconnaissance Office]], and he was previously the Deputy Director for Science and Technology at the U.S. [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA). Earlier in his career, he was the Assistant Director of the Justice Department's [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI). He received his Ph.D. from [[Cornell University]].
| |
| | |
| ===Director of the Intelligence Staff===
| |
| The Office of the Director of the Intelligence Staff (DIS) is responsible for synchronizing and integrating efforts across the DNI staff and components. This is roughly equivalent to the Intelligence Community Staff, previously a CIA component. Offices that fall under the DIS include:
| |
| | |
| *Executive Secretary, Office of the Executive Secretariat
| |
| *Director, Office of Legislative Affairs
| |
| *Director, Office of Public Affairs
| |
| *Director, Office of Administration
| |
| *Director, Protocol Office
| |
| | |
| ===DDNI for Collection===
| |
| The Office of the Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Collection was established to coordinate collection throughout the Intelligence Community under the authorities of the DNI and ensure that the National Intelligence Strategy (NIS) priorities are appropriately reflected in future planning and systems acquisition decisions.<ref>[http://www.dni.gov/who_what/061222_DNIHandbook_Final.pdf 07-0224 DNIHandbook.indd<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| |
| | |
| The Office of the DDNI for Collection looks across the entire collection business enterprise to develop corporate understanding of needs, requirements, and capabilities to ensure that a holistic view is taken on current and future collection systems. The Deputy Director for Collection brings together key IC stakeholders to get senior level insight into issues.<ref>[http://www.dni.gov/who_what/061222_DNIHandbook_Final.pdf 07-0224 DNIHandbook.indd<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| |
| | |
| The DDNI for Collection is supported by four Assistant Deputies:
| |
| *Assistant DDNI for Collection Strategies
| |
| *Assistant DDNI for Human Intelligence
| |
| *Assistant DDNI for Open Source
| |
| *Assistant DDNI for Technical Means
| |
| | |
| ===DDNI for Analysis===
| |
| Primary authority for analytic activities rests with the Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Analysis, who is also the Chairman of the [[National Intelligence Council]]. As of March 2007, there are six Assistant Deputy Directors for Analysis (ADDNI/A):<ref>{{Cite news
| |
| | last=Pincus
| |
| | first=Walter
| |
| | title=An Admonition on Intelligence
| |
| | work=The Washington Post
| |
| | date=2007-02-26
| |
| | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/25/AR2007022501099.html
| |
| | accessdate=2007-03-24
| |
| }}</ref>
| |
| *ADDNI/A for the National Intelligence Council (also Vice Chairman, NIC)
| |
| *ADDNI/A for the [[President's Daily Brief]]
| |
| *ADDNI/A for Analytic Mission Management
| |
| *ADDNI/A for Analytic Integrity and Standards (also the Analytic Ombudsman<ref>{{cite web
| |
| | last=Negroponte
| |
| | first=John
| |
| | authorlink=John Negroponte
| |
| | title=Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Intelligence Community Policy Memorandum Number 2006-200-2
| |
| | date=2006-05-08
| |
| | url=http://www.fas.org/irp/dni/icpm/2006-200-2.pdf
| |
| | format=PDF
| |
| | accessdate=2007-03-24
| |
| }}</ref>)
| |
| *ADDNI/A for Analytic Transformation and Technology (also the Chief Technology Officer<ref>{{cite web
| |
| | title=ODNI Announces Senior Leadership Positions, ODNI News Release No. 5-05
| |
| | url=http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/20051031_release.htm
| |
| | date=2005-10-31
| |
| | accessdate=2007-03-24
| |
| }}</ref>)
| |
| *ADDNI/A for Community Support.<ref>{{cite web
| |
| | last=Negroponte
| |
| | first=John
| |
| | authorlink=John Negroponte
| |
| | title=Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Intelligence Community Policy Memorandum Number 2005-200-1
| |
| | date=2005-11-09
| |
| | url=http://www.fas.org/irp/dni/icpm/2005-200-1.pdf
| |
| | format=PDF
| |
| | accessdate=2007-03-24
| |
| }}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ==100 Day/500 Day Plans==
| |
| | |
| The Office of the Director of National Intelligence has released Intelligence Community 100 Day & 500 Day Plans for Integration & Collaboration. These plans include a series of initiatives designed to build the foundation for increased cooperation and reform of the U.S. Intelligence Community.<ref>http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/20070913_release.pdf</ref>
| |
| | |
| ==History==
| |
| Prior to establishment of the DNI, the head of the [[United States Intelligence Community]] was the [[Director of Central Intelligence]] (DCI). The DCI concurrently served as the Director of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA).
| |
|
| |
|
| Establishment of the DNI position was one of the recommendations in the [[9/11 Commission Report|report]] by the [[National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States|9/11 Commission]] investigating the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|September 11 attacks]]. The report, which was released on July 22, 2004, identified major intelligence failures that called into question how well the Intelligence Community protected US national and homeland security interests against attacks by foreign terrorists.
| | <ref name=WPost> |
| | [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A36532-2005Feb18.html "CIA to Cede President's Brief to Negroponte"], February 19, 2005, ''The Washington Post'' |
| | </ref> |
|
| |
|
| Soon thereafter Senators [[Dianne Feinstein]], [[John D. Rockefeller IV]] and [[Bob Graham]] introduced legislation to create a Director of National Intelligence, S. 2645, introduced on June 19, 2002. Other, similar, legislation soon followed. After considerable debate on the scope of the DNI's powers and authorities, the [[United States Congress]] passed the [[Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004]] by votes of 336-75 in the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]], and 89-2 in the [[United States Senate|Senate]]. President [[George W. Bush]] signed the bill into law on December 17, 2004. Among other things, the law established the DNI position as the designated leader of the [[United States Intelligence Community]] and prohibited the DNI from serving as the CIA Director or the head of any other Intelligence Community element at the same time. In addition, the law required the CIA Director to "report" his agency's activities to the DNI.
| | <ref name=WPedia> |
| | Wikipedia's extensive [[Wikipedia:Director of National Intelligence|article about the DNI]] has many more details and a list of all its office holders. |
| | </ref> |
|
| |
|
| Critics say compromises during the bill's crafting led to the establishment of a DNI whose powers are too weak to adequately lead, manage and improve the performance of the US Intelligence Community.<ref>{{cite news | last=Kaplan | first=Fred | title=You Call That a Reform Bill? | date=7 December 2004 | publisher=Slate Magazine| url=http://www.slate.com/id/2110767/}}</ref> In particular, the law left the [[United States Department of Defense]] in charge of the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA), the [[National Reconnaissance Office]] (NRO), and the [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]. (The limited DNI role in leading the US Intelligence Community is discussed in the [[United States Intelligence Community|Intelligence Community]] article.)
| | <ref name=Law> |
| | The ''Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004'' (Public Law 108-458) was created because of the perception that the various U.S. Intelligence agencies had not shared information adequately to prevent the 2001 [[9-11 Attack]], even though enough information likely existed in various pockets here and there to have understood the threat. The new law also moved some community-related functions from the CIA to the ODNI, and specified that the Director and Principal Deputy Director of the new agency cannot both be active-duty military officers (i.e., one or the other should be a military intelligence officer, usually of four-star rank, or have extensive experience in military intelligence). |
| | </ref> |
|
| |
|
| On February 17, 2005, President [[George W. Bush]] named U.S. [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]] [[John Negroponte]] to the post, pending [[United States Senate#Appointments|confirmation by the Senate]]. It was reported that President Bush's first choice for Director of National Intelligence was former [[Director of Central Intelligence]] [[Robert M. Gates]], who was serving as president of [[Texas A&M University]]; however, Gates declined the offer.<ref>CNN.com (2005) [http://www.cnn.com/2005/ALLPOLITICS/02/17/intelligence.chief/index.html Bush names Negroponte intelligence chief]. Retrieved May 14, 2006.</ref> Negroponte was confirmed by a Senate vote of 98 to 2 in favor of his appointment on April 21, 2005, and was sworn in by President Bush on that day.
| | <ref name=NoBudget> |
| | The 2004 law establishing the ODNI left the Department of Defense in charge of the budget for the [[National Security Agency]], the [[National Reconnaissance Office]], and the [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]. |
| | </ref> |
|
| |
|
| On February 13, 2007, [[Negroponte]] was sworn in as [[Deputy Secretary of State]], and [[John Michael McConnell]] became the 2nd Director of National Intelligence.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Directors of National Intelligence==
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| !Name
| |
| !Term of Office
| |
| ![[President of the United States|President(s)]] served under
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[John Negroponte]]
| |
| |April 21, 2005–February 13, 2007
| |
| |[[George W. Bush]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[John McConnell]]
| |
| |February 13, 2007–January 28, 2009
| |
| |[[George W. Bush]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Dennis Blair]]
| |
| |January 28, 2009–Present
| |
| |[[Barack Obama]]
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Principal Deputy Directors of National Intelligence==
| | </references> |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| !Name
| |
| !Term of Office
| |
| ![[President of the United States|President(s)]] served under
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[General (United States)|Gen]] [[Michael Hayden]]
| |
| |April 21, 2005–May 26, 2006
| |
| |[[George W. Bush]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Lieutenant General (United States)|LTG]] [[Ronald Burgess]] (Acting)
| |
| |June 2006–January 2007
| |
| |[[George W. Bush]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Donald Kerr]]
| |
| |October 2007-Present
| |
| |[[George W. Bush]]
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==Directors of the Intelligence Staff==
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| !Name
| |
| !Term of Office
| |
| ![[President of the United States|President(s)]] served under
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Lieutenant General (United States)|LTG]] [[Ronald Burgess]]
| |
| |May 2007–Present
| |
| |[[George W. Bush]]
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==Deputy Directors of National Intelligence==
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| !Name
| |
| !Office
| |
| !Term of Office
| |
| ![[President of the United States|President(s)]] served under
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Thomas Fingar]]
| |
| |Analysis
| |
| |May 2005-Present
| |
| |[[George W. Bush]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Glenn A. Gaffney]]
| |
| |Collection
| |
| |January 2008-Present<ref>http://www.odni.gov/press_releases/20071221_release.pdf</ref>
| |
| |[[George W. Bush]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[David Shedd]]
| |
| |Policy, Plans and Requirements
| |
| |May 2007-Present
| |
| |[[George W. Bush]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Alden Munson]]
| |
| |Acquisition
| |
| |May 2007-Present
| |
| |[[George W. Bush]]
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist|2}}
| |
