Colorectal cancer
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Evidence
| Procedure | Study | Benefit | Number needed to screen (assuming control rate of 1%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fecal occult blood annually | Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study[1] Randomized controlled trial 46,551 patients for 13 years |
Colorectal cancer death: Relative risk ratio 0.67 Relative risk reduction 33% |
305 |
| Sigmoidoscopy | Kaiser Permanente[3] Case-control study 261 case patients and 868 control patients for 10 years |
Colorectal cancer death: Odds ratio 0.41 |
170 |
| Telemark Polyp Study I[4] Cohort study 400 case patients and 399 controls for 7 to 11 years |
Colorectal cancer incidence: Relative risk ratio 0.2 Relative risk reduction 80% |
125 | |
| Colonoscopy | National Polyp Study[5] Cohort study 1418 patients for 5.8 years |
Colorectal cancer incidence: Relative risk ratio 0.1 Relative risk reduction 90% |
111 |
| Ontario Cancer Registry[6] Case-control study 10,292 case patients and 51,460 controls for 7.8 years |
Colorectal cancer death: Odds ratio 0.69 |
325 |
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR, et al (May 1993). "Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study". N. Engl. J. Med. 328 (19): 1365–71. PMID 8474513. [e]
- ↑ Ransohoff DF, Lang CA (March 1993). "Sigmoidoscopic screening in the 1990s". JAMA 269 (10): 1278–81. PMID 8437306. [e]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Selby JV, Friedman GD, Quesenberry CP, Weiss NS (March 1992). "A case-control study of screening sigmoidoscopy and mortality from colorectal cancer". N. Engl. J. Med. 326 (10): 653–7. PMID 1736103. [e]
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Thiis-Evensen E, Hoff GS, Sauar J, Langmark F, Majak BM, Vatn MH (April 1999). "Population-based surveillance by colonoscopy: effect on the incidence of colorectal cancer. Telemark Polyp Study I". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 34 (4): 414–20. PMID 10365903. [e]
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN, et al (December 1993). "Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. The National Polyp Study Workgroup". N. Engl. J. Med. 329 (27): 1977–81. PMID 8247072. [e]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Baxter NN, Goldwasser MA, Paszat LF, Saskin R, Urbach DR, Rabeneck L (January 2009). "Association of colonoscopy and death from colorectal cancer". Ann. Intern. Med. 150 (1): 1–8. PMID 19075198. [e]