Urinary retention
In medicine, urinary retention is "inability to empty the urinary bladder with voiding (urination).[1]
In males, antimuscarinic cholinergic antagonists may contribute to retention.[2]
Diagnosis
Physical examination
Physical examination may detect less than half of cases of postoperative bladder size greater than 400 ml compared to ultrasonography.[3]
Ultrasonography
Bladder ultrasonography may detect urinary retention and reduce unnecessary urinary catheterization[4], but false positives may occur due to cysts of nearby organs.[5]
Treatment
Postoperative urinary retention (> 500 ml of urine estimated by bladder scanning) may be better treated with intermittent urinary catheterization rather than indwelling urinary catheterization.[6]
The use of bladder ultrasonography may reduce the frequency of intermittent urinary catheterization among patients with spinal cord disorders.[7] Although the use of protocols with bladder scanners to reduce the frequency of urinary catheretization are recommended[8], implementing a critical pathway with a bladder scanner may[3] or may not[9] increase the use of scanning prior to insertion of a urinary catheter.
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Urinary retention (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Martín-Merino E, García-Rodríguez LA, Massó-González EL, Roehrborn CG (2009). "Do oral antimuscarinic drugs carry an increased risk of acute urinary retention?". J Urol 182 (4): 1442-8. DOI:10.1016/j.juro.2009.06.051. PMID 19683302. Research Blogging.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Warner AJ, Phillips S, Riske K, Haubert MK, Lash N (2000). "Postoperative bladder distention: measurement with bladder ultrasonography.". J Perianesth Nurs 15 (1): 20-5. PMID 10839085.
- ↑ Sparks A, Boyer D, Gambrel A, Lovett M, Johnson J, Richards T et al. (2004 Jul-Sep). "The clinical benefits of the bladder scanner: a research synthesis.". J Nurs Care Qual 19 (3): 188-92. PMID 15326987.
- ↑ Alagiakrishnan K, Valpreda M (2009). "Ultrasound bladder scanner presents falsely elevated postvoid residual volumes.". Can Fam Physician 55 (2): 163-4. PMID 19221075. PMC PMC2642496.
- ↑ Lau H, Lam B (2004). "Management of postoperative urinary retention: a randomized trial of in-out versus overnight catheterization.". ANZ J Surg 74 (8): 658-61. DOI:10.1111/j.1445-1433.2004.03116.x. PMID 15315566. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Anton HA, Chambers K, Clifton J, Tasaka J (1998). "Clinical utility of a portable ultrasound device in intermittent catheterization.". Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79 (2): 172-5. PMID 9473999.
- ↑ Lo E, Nicolle L, Classen D, Arias KM, Podgorny K, Anderson DJ et al. (2008). "Strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in acute care hospitals.". Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 29 Suppl 1: S41-50. DOI:10.1086/591066. PMID 18840088. Research Blogging. Summary at National Guidelines Clearinghouse
- ↑ Boyer DR, Steltzer N, Larrabee JH (2009 Jan-Mar). "Implementation of an evidence-based bladder scanner protocol.". J Nurs Care Qual 24 (1): 10-6. DOI:10.1097/NCQ.0b013e31818f52bd. PMID 19092473. Research Blogging.