Insulin resistance
- See: Article on insulin, if necessary, to better understand present article.
As described in the 2013 Medical Subject Headings of the National Library of Medicine, insulin resistance consists of
- Diminished effectiveness of insulin in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent hyperglycemia or ketosis.[1]
Insulin resistance reflects abnormally reduced insulin-induced uptake of glucose, largely in skeletal muscle. In people who have not developed the characteristic phenotype of type 2 diabetes mellitus, prospective studies reveal insulin resistance as the strongest predictor of its subsequent development. (See[2] and the references cited therein.)
Causes of insulin resistance
It can be caused by the presence of insulin antibodies or the abnormalities in insulin receptors (receptor, insulin) on target cell surfaces. It is often associated with obesity; diabetic ketoacidosis; infection; and certain rare conditions.
Methods of detecting and quantifying insulin resistance
Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) can be measured by:[3]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Insulin resistance (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Lillioja S, Mott DM, Spraul M, Ferraro R, Foley JE, Ravussin E, Knowler WE, Bennett PH, Bogardus C. (1993) Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Prospective studies of Pima Indians. N. Engl. J. Med. 329:1988–1992.
- ↑ Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC (1985). "Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man". Diabetologia 28: 412–9. PMID 3899825. [e]