Magnesium in nutrition and human health

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Magnesium is an important cofactor for many biological processes, such as protein synthesis, nucleic acid stability,[1] or neuromuscular excitability.[2]

Relationship with other ions

Focusing on single ions rather than on their mutual interaction often leads to artificial controversies in which K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ have each been claimed as the "most" important ionic determinant of pathologic processes such as hypertension.[3]

Calcium

Also see Neurology[4]

Sodium

Potassium

The intracellular and extracellular milieus

Magnesium in disease

Neurology

This fundamental advance was consistent with the idea that at negative potentials Mg2+ plugged the channel pore, which prevented ion permeation despite channel activation by the agonist. In contrast, membrane depolarization relieved the Mg2+ blockade to allow ion flux, which explained the enhancement in current responses at depolarized potentials.[4]

Stroke

Magnesium in stroke treatment[5]. Also see Emergency medicine.

Kidney diseases

Asthma and COPD

Cardiovascular disease

Mg at optimal cellular concentration is well accepted as a natural calcium channel blocker. More recent work shows that Mg also acts as a statin. Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals.[6]

Obstetrics

New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency[7]

Sources of magnesium

Water

Food

Absorption

Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans[8]

Causes of magnesium losses

The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review[9]

References

  1. ↑ Draper DE (2004). "A guide to ions and RNA structure". RNA 10 (3): 335–43. PMID 14970378. [e]
  2. ↑ Konrad M, Schlingmann KP, Gudermann T (2004). "Insights into the molecular nature of magnesium homeostasis". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 286 (4): F599–605. DOI:10.1152/ajprenal.00312.2003. PMID 15001450. Research Blogging.
  3. ↑ Resnick LM, Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Veniero JM, Nicholson JP, Gupta RK (2001). "Relation of cellular potassium to other mineral ions in hypertension and diabetes". Hypertension 38 (3 Pt 2): 709–12. PMID 11566962. [e]
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 McBain CJ, Traynelis SF (2006). "Malevolent lurkers no more: NMDA receptors come of age". J. Physiol. (Lond.) 575 (Pt 2): 317–8. DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.114629. PMID 16809360. Research Blogging.
  5. ↑ Muir KW (2002). "Magnesium in stroke treatment". Postgrad Med J 78 (925): 641–5. PMID 12496316. [e]
  6. ↑ Rosanoff A, Seelig MS (2004). "Comparison of mechanism and functional effects of magnesium and statin pharmaceuticals". J Am Coll Nutr 23 (5): 501S–505S. PMID 15466951. [e]
  7. ↑ Durlach J (2004). "New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency". J Am Coll Nutr 23 (6): 694S–700S. PMID 15637217. [e]
  8. ↑ Coudray C, Demigné C, Rayssiguier Y (2003). "Effects of dietary fibers on magnesium absorption in animals and humans". J. Nutr. 133 (1): 1–4. PMID 12514257. [e]
  9. ↑ Dubé L, Granry JC (2003). "The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review". Can J Anaesth 50 (7): 732–46. PMID 12944451. [e]
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