Official Opposition (UK)

The Official Opposition, fully Her Majesty's Official Opposition, comprises the largest political party in opposition to the government in the House of Commons and the House of Lords, i.e. the second-largest party in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Leader of the Opposition appoints a 'Shadow Cabinet' of senior Opposition politicians, each of whom scrutinises the work of equivalent government ministers. Since May 1997 the Conservative Party has formed the Opposition, with David Cameron as Leader of the Opposition since December 2005.

House of Commons

When the Opposition party wins a general election, it is expected that it will be formally invited to form a new government, and the party leader (usually the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons) will become the next Prime Minister. In contrast, a new Leader of the Opposition emerges immediately, without any formal ceremony - for example, when John Major resigned as Prime Minister in 1997 following an election defeat, he left Buckingham Palace as the Leader of the Opposition, as his party was now second-placed in terms of number of seats in Parliament.

The Opposition receives the largest share of 'Short Money' (state funding); for example, in 2005-2006 the Conservatives received over £4 million in various expenses, with money also spent on vehicles and security. In other words, in the British parliamentary system, the public pays political parties to oppose the elected government.

As a potential Prime-Minister-in-waiting, the Leader of the Opposition's most prominent parliamentary duty is the weekly appearance at a debate known as 'Prime Minister's Questions', in which the Leader of the Opposition faces the Prime Minister over the floor of the House of Commons. The Opposition Leader asks six questions, which are not made available to the Prime Minister's office in advance. Another way in which parliamentary activities present the Opposition as a potential future government is at the State Opening of Parliament, where the Shadow Cabinet joins senior members of the government at the head of a procession from the Commons to the House of Lords.