Mashup

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Technology

Web 2.0 embodies the belief that the World Wide Web is breaking away from its origins and evolving into the next stage of human interaction with a computer and the global community. The concept encourages collaboration, reusability, personalization and standardization, which are properties that have fostered the development of mashups – one of the many trends in Web 2.0 (others include blogging, wikis, podcasting, etc). Gradually, the Web is becoming a distribution network of content and service.

API

An Application Programming Interface (API) enables the creation of a web-based mashup by providing a means of gaining access (rules and procedures) to an application or content e.g. Google Maps. This allows for compatible software. APIs should be made as simple as possible if their use is to be encouraged.

APIs can be

• Proprietary, in which case their use would require the payment of a fee and the signing of a license agreement.
• Open , hence available to anyone to use for free. However, there might still be binding terms and conditions, a limit to the number of calls that the mashup may make to the provider.

Popular websites that offer open APIs include Amazon.com, AOL, eBay, Google, MapQuest, MSN, Shopping.com, UPS.com, US Postal service.

The contents of a web site that lacks an open API can still be accessed via a process referred to as screen scraping, in which unstructured text is pulled from a website.

Types of Mahups

• Consumer Mashups - mashups that combine visual elements and data from multiple sources.
• Data Mashups - mashups that combine multiple data sources (e.g. RSS feeds) into a single data source.
• Business Mashups - similar to consumer mashups, but solve business problems. Many enterprises are embracing mashups for various reasons. Some need their software systems to change often to keep up with the rapid rate at which their business needs change. Such businesses find mashups an attractive solution – they make use of available components that have been developed and tested, and can launch their software in shorter time as compared to if they had to build from scratch. Some other businesses do not have the resources or competences required to develop some applications and thus are eager to incorporate such.