Latitude
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Latitude is distance north and south of the equator, measured in degrees. Parallels are used to show latitude. Because all points that lie along the same parallel are an identical distance from the equator, they all have the same latitude designation. The latitude of the equator is 0 degrees, while north and south poles like 90 degrees north and 90 degrees south, respectively.[1]
As all meridians are halves of great circles, a degree of latitude is equal to about 111 kilometers (69 miles), just as a degree of longitude along the equator is. However, Earth is not a perfect sphere but is slightly flattened at the poles and bulges slightly at the equator.[1] Because of this, there are small differences in the length of a degree latitude.