English noun/Catalogs/English irregular nouns

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Template:English irregular nouns footerThe normal way to form a plural noun in English is to add -s. Words ending in -ŷ add -íes. But there are also many irregular nouns, with plural forms from Latin, Greek, French, Italian, Hebrew and other languages. (The accents, which are not part of the language, are included to show stress and pronunciation: see English spellings for a table and English phonemes for the IPA. Words in italics suggest meaning, and an equals sign is placed between homophones.)

Nouns in -o which always have -ôes in the plural are included in the table below; others are regular, having -ôs, while búffalo, càrgo, hâlo, mosquìto (-k-), mótto, nô, tornâdo, volcâno and zêro can be seen with both -ôs and -ôes.

Nouns in -us which always have -î in the plural are listed below, while cáctus, fôcus, fúngus, óctopus and sýllabus can have both -î and -uses.

Nouns in -sís (-ssíss), análysis, áxis, bâsis, crîsis, diagnôsis, émphasis, hypóthesis, neurôsis, oâsis, parénthesis, synópsis, sýnthesis and thêsis have their plurals in -sês (-ssêez): análysês (*ənáləssêez) etc.

Nouns in -ndum, addéndum, referéndum and memorándum, change to -nda: addénda, referénda, memoránda.

Apart from vŏrtex, plural vŏrtices (-tíssêez), nouns in -ex and -íx (âpex, appéndix, cërvix, índex and mâtrix) have plurals in both -ícês and -íxes (-íxíz).

The following have the same form in the singular and plural: bárracks, cód, cróssroads, dêer animal (= dêar loved, expensive), dîce, físh (dîe as the singular of dîce and físhes as the plural of físh are archaic), gállows, hálibut, héadquarters, mêans, óffspring, përch fish (përch position has përches), pîke, sálmon (*sámmon), sêries, shêep, spêcies (-shíz), tròut and tûna.

Prefixed nouns are not included if their plural endings are the same as that of the root noun: for example the plural of snôwmán is snôwmén.

Table of irregular nouns

Singular	Plural
alùmnus	alùmnî
BrE amoêba, AmE amêba	BrE amoêbaê, amoêbas, AmE amêbê, amêbas
anténna	BrE anténnaê, AmE anténnê, both anténnas
autómaton	autómata, autómatons
bacíllus	bacíllî
bactêrium	bactêria
bâsis	bâsês (*bâyssêez, cf. bâses base *bâssíz = bâsses music)
bròther church	bréthren (-dh-; bròther family is regular: bròthers)
cālf (*cāf)	cālves (*cāvz)
chérub	chérubìm
chîld	chíldren
cŏrpus	cŏrpora
critêrion	critêria (both -î-)
currículum	currícula, currículums
dâtum, dàtum	BrE dâta, AmE dáta
écho	échôes (both ék-)
élf	élves
embàrgo	embàrgôes
errātum	errāta
fôcus	fôcuses or fôcî (*fôassî)
foòt	fêet
fŏrmula	fŏrmulaê, fŏrmulas
gênie	gênìî (both j-; cf. gêniuses, plural of gênius)
génus	génera (both j-)
gladiôlus	gladiôlî
goôse	gêese
hālf (*hāf)	hālves (*hāvz, cf. háves, plural of háve)
hêro	hêrôes
hoôf	hoôves
kibbùtz	kibbùtzìm
knîfe	knîves (both n-)
làrva	BrE làrvaê, AmE làrvê
lêaf	lêaves (= lêaves leaving)
librétto	libréttì
lîfe	lîves (cf. líves dwells)
lòuse	lîce
lôcus	lôcî (*lôassî)
lôaf	lôaves
mán	mén
mêdium communication	mêdia (with other meanings, mêdium is regular: mêdiums
mòuse	mîce
nébula	nébulaê, nébulas