User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox
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The following is a partial list of the major commercial petrochemicals and their derivatives:
- ethylene - the simplest olefin; used as a ripening hormone, a monomer and a chemical feedstock
- polyethylenes - polymerized ethylene
- ethanol - made by hydration (chemical reaction adding water) of ethylene
- ethylene oxide - sometimes called oxirane; can be made by oxidation of ethylene
- ethylene glycol - from hydration of ethylene oxide or oxidation of ethylene
- engine coolant - contains ethylene glycol
- polyesters - any of several polymers with ester linkages in the backbone chain
- glycol ethers - from condensation of glycols
- ethoxylates
- ethylene glycol - from hydration of ethylene oxide or oxidation of ethylene
- vinyl acetate
- 1,2-dichloroethane
- trichloroethylene
- tetrachloroethylene - also called perchloroethylene; used as a dry cleaning solvent and degreaser
- vinyl chloride - monomer for polyvinyl chloride
- polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - type of plastic used for piping, tubing, other things
- propylene - used as a monomer and a chemical feedstock
- isopropyl alcohol - 2-propanol; often used as a solvent or rubbing alcohol
- acrylonitrile - useful as a monomer in forming Orlon, ABS
- polypropylene - polymerized propylene
- propylene oxide
- propylene glycol - sometimes used in engine coolant
- glycol ethers - from condensation of glycols
- acrylic acid
- allyl chloride -
- epichlorohydrin - chloro-oxirane; used in epoxy resin formation
- epoxy resins - a type of polymerizing glue from bisphenol A, epichlorohydrin, and some amine
- epichlorohydrin - chloro-oxirane; used in epoxy resin formation
- C4 hydrocarbons - a mixture consisting of butanes, butylenes and butadienes
- isomers of butylene - useful as monomers or co-monomers
- isobutylene - feed for making methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) or monomer for copolymerization with a low percentage of isoprene to make butyl rubber
- 1,3-butadiene - a diene often used as a monomer or co-monomer for polymerization to elastomers such as polybutadiene or a plastic such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)
- synthetic rubbers - synthetic elastomers made of any one or more of several petrochemical (usually) monomers such as 1,3-butadiene, styrene, isobutylene, isoprene, chloroprene; elastomeric polymers are often made with a high percentage of conjugated diene monomers such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, or chloroprene
- isomers of butylene - useful as monomers or co-monomers
- higher olefins
- polyolefins such poly-alpha-olefins which are used as lubricants
- alpha-olefins - used as monomers, co-monomers, and other chemical precursors. For example, a small amount of 1-hexene can be copolymerized with ethylene into a more flexible form of polyethylene.
- other higher olefins
- detergent alcohols
- benzene - the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon
- ethylbenzene - made from benzene and ethylene
- styrene made by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene; used as a monomer
- polystyrenes - polymers with styrene as a monomer
- styrene made by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene; used as a monomer
- cumene - isopropylbenzene; a feedstock in the cumene process
- phenol - hydroxybenzene; of dassdcten made by the cumene process
- acetone - dimethyl ketone; also often made by the cumene process
- bisphenol A - a type of "double" phenol used in polymerization in epoxy resins and making a common type of polycarbonate
- epoxy resins - a type of polymerizing glue from bisphenol A, epichlorohydrin, and some amine
- polycarbonate - a plastic polymer made from bisphenol A and phosgene (carbonyl dichloride)
- solvents - liquids used for dissolving materials; examples often made from petrochemicals include ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, benzene, toluene, xylenes
- cyclohexane - a 6-carbon aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon sometimes used as a non-polar solvent
- adipic acid - a 6-carbon dicarboxylic acid which can be a precursor used as a co-monomer together with a diamine to form an alternating copolymer form of nylon.
- nylons - types of polyamides, some are alternating copolymers formed from copolymerizing dicarboxylic acid or derivatives with diamines
- caprolactam - a 6-carbon cyclic amide
- nylons - types of polyamides, some are from polymerizing caprolactam
- adipic acid - a 6-carbon dicarboxylic acid which can be a precursor used as a co-monomer together with a diamine to form an alternating copolymer form of nylon.
- nitrobenzene - can be made by single nitration of benzene
- aniline - aminobenzene
- methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) - used as a co-monomer with diols or polyols to form polyurethanes or with di- or polyamines to form polyureas
- aniline - aminobenzene
- alkylbenzene - a general type of aromatic hydrocarbon which can be used as a presursor for a sulfonate surfactant (detergent)
- detergents - often include surfactants types such as alkylbenzenesulfonates and nonylphenol ethoxylates
- chlorobenzene
- ethylbenzene - made from benzene and ethylene
- toluene - methylbenzene; can be a solvent or precursor for other chemicals
- benzene
- toluene diisocyanate (TDI) - used as co-monomers with diols or polyols to form polyurethanes or with di- or polyamines to form polyureas
- polyurethanes - a polymer formed from diisocyanates and diols or polyols
- benzoic acid - carboxybenzene
- mixed xylenes - any of three dimethylbenzene isomers, could be a solvent but more often precursor chemicals
- ortho-xylene - both methyl groups can be oxidized to form (ortho-)phthalic acid
- para-xylene - both methyl groups can be oxidized to form terephthalic acid
- dimethyl terephthalate - can be copolymerized to form certain polyesters
- polyesters - although there can be many types, polyethylene terephthalate is made from petrochemical products and is very widely used.
- purified terephthalic acid - often copolymerized to form polyethylene terephthalate
- dimethyl terephthalate - can be copolymerized to form certain polyesters