Arab Spring/Addendum: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Key'''<br> | ||
'''[OE] denotes oil economy'''<br> | |||
'''[MOE] denotes mixed oil economy'''<br> | |||
'''[DE] denotes diversified economy'''<br> | |||
'''[PEE] denotes primary exporting economy'''<br> | |||
'''CPI denotes the Corruption Protection Index<ref name="CPI">''Corruption Perception :Index''[http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/in_detail]</ref>, which ranges from 0 for highly corrupt to 10 for totally transparent.'''<br> | '''CPI denotes the Corruption Protection Index<ref name="CPI">''Corruption Perception :Index''[http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/in_detail]</ref>, which ranges from 0 for highly corrupt to 10 for totally transparent.'''<br> | ||
'''DI denotes Democracy Index <ref>[http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf ''The Democracy Index 2010'', Economist Intelligence Unit]</ref> which ranges from 0 for totalitarian to 10 for fully democratic.'''<br> | '''DI denotes Democracy Index <ref>[http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf ''The Democracy Index 2010'', Economist Intelligence Unit]</ref> which ranges from 0 for totalitarian to 10 for fully democratic.'''<br> | ||
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==Arab national movements== | ==Arab national movements== | ||
===[[Algeria]]=== | ===[[Algeria]]=== | ||
''(Population 35m, 99% Sunni Muslim CPI 2010: 2.9, DI 2010: 3.4, unemployment rate: 9.9%, GDP/head: $7,300), OPEC member''<br> | ''([MOE], Population 35m, 99% Sunni Muslim CPI 2010: 2.9, DI 2010: 3.4, unemployment rate: 9.9%, GDP/head: $7,300), OPEC member''<br> | ||
The protests and strikes in January were mainly about living standards and corruption. President Bouteflika responded with cuts in food prices. Protests continued in some localities | The protests and strikes in January were mainly about living standards and corruption. President Bouteflika responded with cuts in food prices. Protests continued in some localities | ||
===[[Bahrain]]=== | ===[[Bahrain]]=== | ||
''(Population 1.2 m, 81% Muslim, CPI 2010: 4.9, DI 2010: 3.5, unemployment rate: 3.6%, GDP/head: $40,300)''<br> | ''([OE], Population 1.2 m, 81% Muslim, CPI 2010: 4.9, DI 2010: 3.5, unemployment rate: 3.6%, GDP/head: $40,300)''<br> | ||
Protest movements have been crushed by force, increasing the previously existing tensions between the [[Shi'a|Shi'ite]] majority and the [[Sunni]] minority<ref>{{citation | Protest movements have been crushed by force, increasing the previously existing tensions between the [[Shi'a|Shi'ite]] majority and the [[Sunni]] minority<ref>{{citation | ||
| title =Popular Protests in North Africa and the Middle East (III): The Bahrain Revolt | | title =Popular Protests in North Africa and the Middle East (III): The Bahrain Revolt | ||
| Line 22: | Line 26: | ||
| url = http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/iran-gulf/bahrain/105-popular-protests-in-north-africa-and-the-middle-east-iii-the-bahrain-revolt.aspx}}</ref>. | | url = http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/iran-gulf/bahrain/105-popular-protests-in-north-africa-and-the-middle-east-iii-the-bahrain-revolt.aspx}}</ref>. | ||
===[[Egypt]]=== | ===[[Egypt]]=== | ||
''(Population 82m, 90% Muslim, CPI 2010: 3.1, DI 2010: 3.1,unemployment rate: 9.7%, GDP/head: $6,200)''<br> | ''([DE], Population 82m, 90% Muslim, CPI 2010: 3.1, DI 2010: 3.1,unemployment rate: 9.7%, GDP/head: $6,200)''<br> | ||
Protests ended the 30-year presidency of Hosni Mubarak, replaced by a military council that has promised a transition to democracy. Protests continue. | Protests ended the 30-year presidency of Hosni Mubarak, replaced by a military council that has promised a transition to democracy. Protests continue. | ||
===[[Jordan]]=== | ===[[Jordan]]=== | ||
''(Population 6.5m, 92% Muslim, CPI 2010:4.7, DI 2010: 3.7, GI: 38, unemployment rate: 13.4%, GDP/head: $5,400)''<br> | ''([DE], Population 6.5m, 92% Muslim, CPI 2010:4.7, DI 2010: 3.7, GI: 38, unemployment rate: 13.4%, GDP/head: $5,400)''<br> | ||
King Abdullah respnded to the mainly peaceful protests by sacking his Cabinet and appointing a new Prime Minister. There have since been few protests. | King Abdullah respnded to the mainly peaceful protests by sacking his Cabinet and appointing a new Prime Minister. There have since been few protests. | ||
===[[Lebanon]]=== | ===[[Lebanon]]=== | ||
''(Population 4m, 60% Muslim, 39% Christian, CPI 2010: 2.5,DI 2010: 5.8, unemployment rate:9.2 %, GDP/head: $14,400)''<br> | ''([DE], Population 4m, 60% Muslim, 39% Christian, CPI 2010: 2.5,DI 2010: 5.8, unemployment rate:9.2 %, GDP/head: $14,400)''<br> | ||
The January protests were against Hezbollah's attempt to take over the country's government. | The January protests were against Hezbollah's attempt to take over the country's government. | ||
===[[Libya]]=== | ===[[Libya]]=== | ||
''(Population 6.6m, 97% Muslim, CPI 2010: 2.3, DI 2010: 1.9, GI: 36, unemployment rate: 20.7%, GDP/head: $14,000), OPEC member''<br> | ''([MOE], Population 6.6m, 97% Muslim, CPI 2010: 2.3, DI 2010: 1.9, GI: 36, unemployment rate: 20.7%, GDP/head: $14,000), OPEC member''<br> | ||
The protests developed into a major civil war with over 10,000 casualties, in which the rebels were supported with NATO supplies and airstrikes. The rebel ''National Transitional Council'' has been recognised as the legitimate representative of the Libyan people by the UA and the UK. | The protests developed into a major civil war with over 10,000 casualties, in which the rebels were supported with NATO supplies and airstrikes. The rebel ''National Transitional Council'' has been recognised as the legitimate representative of the Libyan people by the UA and the UK. | ||
===[[Morocco]]=== | ===[[Morocco]]=== | ||
''(Population 40m, 99% Muslim, CPI 2010: 3.4, DI 2010: 3.8, unemployment rate:9.8%, GDP/head: $4,800)''<br> | ''([DE], Population 40m, 99% Muslim, CPI 2010: 3.4, DI 2010: 3.8, unemployment rate:9.8%, GDP/head: $4,800)''<br> | ||
===[[Oman]]=== | ===[[Oman]]=== | ||
''(Population 3m, 75% Muslim, CPI 2010: 5.3,DI 2010: 2.9, unemployment rate: 15%, GDP/head: $23,600)''<br> | ''([OE], Population 3m, 75% Muslim, CPI 2010: 5.3,DI 2010: 2.9, unemployment rate: 15%, GDP/head: $23,600)''<br> | ||
The Sultan has responded to protests by promising to give legislative powers to Oman's parliament. | The Sultan has responded to protests by promising to give legislative powers to Oman's parliament. | ||
===[[Saudi Arabia]]=== | ===[[Saudi Arabia]]=== | ||
''(Population 26m, 100% Muslim, CPI 2010: 4.7, DI 2010: 1.8, GI: 32, unemployment rate: 10.8%, GDP/head: $24,200), OPEC member''<br> | ''([OE], Population 26m, 100% Muslim, CPI 2010: 4.7, DI 2010: 1.8, GI: 32, unemployment rate: 10.8%, GDP/head: $24,200), OPEC member''<br> | ||
Protests have been few and local, confined to Shia areas in the east. | Protests have been few and local, confined to Shia areas in the east. | ||
===[[Syria]]=== | ===[[Syria]]=== | ||
''(Population 23m, 90% Muslim, CPI 2010: 2.5, DI 2010: 2.3, unemployment rate: 8.3%, GDP/head: $4,800)''<br> | ''([DE], Population 23m, 90% Muslim, CPI 2010: 2.5, DI 2010: 2.3, unemployment rate: 8.3%, GDP/head: $4,800)''<br> | ||
Syrian security forces have fired on unarmed protesters, possibly killing as many as 1,000 of them. President [[Bashir al-Assad]] has repealed an unpopular Emergency Law.<ref>{{citation | Syrian security forces have fired on unarmed protesters, possibly killing as many as 1,000 of them. President [[Bashir al-Assad]] has repealed an unpopular Emergency Law.<ref>{{citation | ||
| title=Syrian Security fires on Protesters, Kills 90 | | title=Syrian Security fires on Protesters, Kills 90 | ||
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===[[Tunisia]]=== | ===[[Tunisia]]=== | ||
''(Population 10.6m, 98% Muslim, CPI 2010: 4.3, DI 2010: 2.8,unemployment rate: 14%, GDP/head: $9,400)''<br> | ''([DE], Population 10.6m, 98% Muslim, CPI 2010: 4.3, DI 2010: 2.8,unemployment rate: 14%, GDP/head: $9,400)''<br> | ||
Protesters have forced the resignation of President Zine al-Abidine Mebazaa, and elections have been scheduled for October 2011. | Protesters have forced the resignation of President Zine al-Abidine Mebazaa, and elections have been scheduled for October 2011. | ||
===[[Yemen]]=== | ===[[Yemen]]=== | ||
''(Population 24m, 99% Muslim, CPI 2010: 2.2, DI 2010: 2.6, unemployment rate: 35%, GDP/head: $2,700)''<br> | ''([PEE],Population 24m, 99% Muslim, CPI 2010: 2.2, DI 2010: 2.6, unemployment rate: 35%, GDP/head: $2,700)''<br> | ||
Protests have been about unemployment, malnutrion and corruption. President Saleh is in hospital in Saudi Arabia, having been injured by a rocket. | Protests have been about unemployment, malnutrion and corruption. President Saleh is in hospital in Saudi Arabia, having been injured by a rocket. | ||
Revision as of 02:25, 30 July 2011
Key
[OE] denotes oil economy
[MOE] denotes mixed oil economy
[DE] denotes diversified economy
[PEE] denotes primary exporting economy
CPI denotes the Corruption Protection Index[1], which ranges from 0 for highly corrupt to 10 for totally transparent.
DI denotes Democracy Index [2] which ranges from 0 for totalitarian to 10 for fully democratic.
GI denotes Gini index which is a number between 0 and 100 reflecting the degree of inequality of family income[3].
GDP/head figures are at purchasing power parity exchange rates using CIA World Factbook figures[4].
Arab national movements
Algeria
([MOE], Population 35m, 99% Sunni Muslim CPI 2010: 2.9, DI 2010: 3.4, unemployment rate: 9.9%, GDP/head: $7,300), OPEC member
The protests and strikes in January were mainly about living standards and corruption. President Bouteflika responded with cuts in food prices. Protests continued in some localities
Bahrain
([OE], Population 1.2 m, 81% Muslim, CPI 2010: 4.9, DI 2010: 3.5, unemployment rate: 3.6%, GDP/head: $40,300)
Protest movements have been crushed by force, increasing the previously existing tensions between the Shi'ite majority and the Sunni minority[5].
Egypt
([DE], Population 82m, 90% Muslim, CPI 2010: 3.1, DI 2010: 3.1,unemployment rate: 9.7%, GDP/head: $6,200)
Protests ended the 30-year presidency of Hosni Mubarak, replaced by a military council that has promised a transition to democracy. Protests continue.
Jordan
([DE], Population 6.5m, 92% Muslim, CPI 2010:4.7, DI 2010: 3.7, GI: 38, unemployment rate: 13.4%, GDP/head: $5,400)
King Abdullah respnded to the mainly peaceful protests by sacking his Cabinet and appointing a new Prime Minister. There have since been few protests.
Lebanon
([DE], Population 4m, 60% Muslim, 39% Christian, CPI 2010: 2.5,DI 2010: 5.8, unemployment rate:9.2 %, GDP/head: $14,400)
The January protests were against Hezbollah's attempt to take over the country's government.
Libya
([MOE], Population 6.6m, 97% Muslim, CPI 2010: 2.3, DI 2010: 1.9, GI: 36, unemployment rate: 20.7%, GDP/head: $14,000), OPEC member
The protests developed into a major civil war with over 10,000 casualties, in which the rebels were supported with NATO supplies and airstrikes. The rebel National Transitional Council has been recognised as the legitimate representative of the Libyan people by the UA and the UK.
Morocco
([DE], Population 40m, 99% Muslim, CPI 2010: 3.4, DI 2010: 3.8, unemployment rate:9.8%, GDP/head: $4,800)
Oman
([OE], Population 3m, 75% Muslim, CPI 2010: 5.3,DI 2010: 2.9, unemployment rate: 15%, GDP/head: $23,600)
The Sultan has responded to protests by promising to give legislative powers to Oman's parliament.
Saudi Arabia
([OE], Population 26m, 100% Muslim, CPI 2010: 4.7, DI 2010: 1.8, GI: 32, unemployment rate: 10.8%, GDP/head: $24,200), OPEC member
Protests have been few and local, confined to Shia areas in the east.
Syria
([DE], Population 23m, 90% Muslim, CPI 2010: 2.5, DI 2010: 2.3, unemployment rate: 8.3%, GDP/head: $4,800)
Syrian security forces have fired on unarmed protesters, possibly killing as many as 1,000 of them. President Bashir al-Assad has repealed an unpopular Emergency Law.[6]
Tunisia
([DE], Population 10.6m, 98% Muslim, CPI 2010: 4.3, DI 2010: 2.8,unemployment rate: 14%, GDP/head: $9,400)
Protesters have forced the resignation of President Zine al-Abidine Mebazaa, and elections have been scheduled for October 2011.
Yemen
([PEE],Population 24m, 99% Muslim, CPI 2010: 2.2, DI 2010: 2.6, unemployment rate: 35%, GDP/head: $2,700)
Protests have been about unemployment, malnutrion and corruption. President Saleh is in hospital in Saudi Arabia, having been injured by a rocket.
The international response
League of Arab States
The United Nations
NATO
France
UK
USA
Qatar
United Arab Emirates
References
- ↑ Corruption Perception :Index[1]
- ↑ The Democracy Index 2010, Economist Intelligence Unit
- ↑ Global Peace Index 2010
- ↑ Country Comparison, GDP per Capita (PPP), CIA World Factbook July 2011
- ↑ Popular Protests in North Africa and the Middle East (III): The Bahrain Revolt, International Crisis Group, 6 April 2011, MENA Report No. 105
- ↑ Juan Cole (23 April 2011), "Syrian Security fires on Protesters, Kills 90", Informed Comment