Homeopathy/Bibliography

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On the structure of water

• Martin Chaplin, professor of applied sciences at London South Bank University, provides a comprehensive review of research about water structure:Water Structure and Science; Martin Chaplin's website. The July 2007 issue of the journal, Homeopathy, was edited by Chaplin and is devoted to the "memory of water." Copies of the articles in this special issue are freely available at a skeptic's website along with discussion (primarily from skeptics).(Homeopathy Journal Club Bad Science, a blog by Ben Goldacre)

• Structure Of Liquid Water; Novel Insights From Materials Research; Potential Relevance To Homeopathy (2005) R Roy, WA Tiller, I Bell, MR Hoover - Materials Research Innovations.

An article from materials science (32 pages) in a journal which is, "because of its super peer review procedures, especially suited for the publication of results which are so new, so unexpected, that they are likely to be rejected by tradition-bound journals" [1]. Introduces many notions that are generally not well known by biologists and chemists. The most unexpected results relate to the putative imprinting of water by Qigong grandmasters (a minor aspect of this theoretical paper, however). Presents the notion of epitaxy, a well known phenomenon in the industry. Roy also covers the 6 anomalies of water in light of the fact that water is not a random arrangement of single H₂O molecules, but a combination of different phases (or 3D arrangements) of water molecules clusters. Disputes the current view of the majority of spectroscopists and theorists that the molecule in the liquid is surrounded tetrahedrally by 4 other water molecules. States that there is terminological confusion between structure in biochemistry and structure in materials science. See the rendition of a typical water structure (p 29). Roy adddresses the objection that such H₂O arrangements are short lived, but does not discuss recent femtosecond (femto = 10⁻¹⁵) laser spectroscopy experiments, where it is found that hydrogen bonds are broken and reformed on a time scale of pico (pico = 10⁻¹²) seconds. Notes on the role of Van der Waals bonds in determining the properties of materials. The authors provide the tools to analyze homeopathic preparations, explaining why some techniques (including Raman) are adequate, while other are not, to characterize the structure of water. Presents in Fig. 17 some illegible Raman data on tap water, allegedly proving that the intramolecular vibrations (vibrations within the molecule, known to be relatively insensitive to the environment of the molecule) are changed by the emission of qi. Does not give the composition of the tap water. Raman data pertaining to intermolecular vibrations, which are very sensitive to the structure of water, are not given.

On the effect of dilutions on the properties of water

• V. Eliaa et al. (2007) Conductometric studies of the serially diluted and agitated solutions on an anomalous effect that depends on the dilution process, Journal of Molecular Liquids, Volume 135, Issues 1-3, 31:158-165

• Khuda-Bukhsh AR (2006) Laboratory Research in Homeopathy: Pro - Integrative Cancer Therapies

Publication bias against homeopathy

• Caulfield T, DeBow S (2005) A systematic review of how homeopathy is represented in conventional and CAM peer reviewed journals. BMC Complement Altern Med. 5:12. Review.

also see related articles in pubmed here.

The Benveniste-Davenas affair (Memory of water paper in Nature, 1988)

• See Khuda-Bukhsh AR(2006) (cited above), p. 326. In response to a critique, Khuda-Bukhsh replies that, contrary to common belief, the results by Davenas & al. were replicated in several centers. This is one of the most serious accusations of publication bias formulated against mainstream journals concerning homeopathy.

Concerning the Lancet 2005 study calling for the end homeopathy trials

• Fisher P (March 2006). "Homeopathy and The Lancet". 'Evid Based Complement Alternat Med' 3: 145–7. DOI:10.1093/ecam/nek007. PMID 16550237. PMC 1375230. Research Blogging.

• Bell IR (2005) All Evidence Is Equal, but Some Evidence Is More Equal than Others: Can Logic Prevail over Emotion in the Homeopathy Debate? The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 11:763-9. doi:10.1089/acm.2005.11.763.