Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Difference between revisions
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==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD [[randomized controlled trial]] showed "for ADHD symptoms, our carefully crafted medication management was superior to behavioral treatment and to routine community care that included medication. Our combined treatment did not yield significantly greater benefits than medication management for core ADHD symptoms, but may have provided modest advantages for non-ADHD symptom and positive functioning outcomes."<ref name="pmid10591283">{{cite journal |author= |title=A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The MTA Cooperative Group. Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD |journal=Archives of general psychiatry |volume=56 |issue=12 |pages=1073–86 |year=1999 |month=December |pmid=10591283 |doi= |url=http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10591283}}</ref> | |||
Several stimulant drugs are effective.<ref name="pmid16973014">{{cite journal |author=Pritchard D |title=Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children |journal=Clin Evid |volume= |issue=15 |pages=331–44 |year=2006 |pmid=16973014 |doi=|url=http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/ceweb/conditions/chd/0312/0312.jsp}}</ref> Stimulant drugs work by blocking the dopamine transporter.<ref name="pmid16023516">{{cite journal |author=Biederman J, Faraone SV |title=Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder |journal=Lancet |volume=366 |issue=9481 |pages=237–48 |year=2005 |pmid=16023516 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66915-2}}</ref> However, these drugs may increase cardiac complications.<ref name="pmid16549404">{{cite journal |author=Nissen SE |title=ADHD drugs and cardiovascular risk |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=354 |issue=14 |pages=1445–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16549404 |doi=10.1056/NEJMp068049}}</ref> | Several stimulant drugs are effective.<ref name="pmid16973014">{{cite journal |author=Pritchard D |title=Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children |journal=Clin Evid |volume= |issue=15 |pages=331–44 |year=2006 |pmid=16973014 |doi=|url=http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/ceweb/conditions/chd/0312/0312.jsp}}</ref> Stimulant drugs work by blocking the dopamine transporter.<ref name="pmid16023516">{{cite journal |author=Biederman J, Faraone SV |title=Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder |journal=Lancet |volume=366 |issue=9481 |pages=237–48 |year=2005 |pmid=16023516 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66915-2}}</ref> However, these drugs may increase cardiac complications.<ref name="pmid16549404">{{cite journal |author=Nissen SE |title=ADHD drugs and cardiovascular risk |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=354 |issue=14 |pages=1445–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16549404 |doi=10.1056/NEJMp068049}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 07:26, 18 October 2008
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a "behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood."[1][2][3]
ADHD occurs in adults also.[4]
There are significant adverse socioeconomic outcomes from ADHD.[5][6]
Etiology/cause
Twin studies suggest 76% of ADHD is inherited.[7] Abnormalities of biogenic amine receptors may contribute to ADHD.[7]
The relationship between childhood bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is uncertain.[8]
Treatment
The Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD randomized controlled trial showed "for ADHD symptoms, our carefully crafted medication management was superior to behavioral treatment and to routine community care that included medication. Our combined treatment did not yield significantly greater benefits than medication management for core ADHD symptoms, but may have provided modest advantages for non-ADHD symptom and positive functioning outcomes."[9]
Several stimulant drugs are effective.[10] Stimulant drugs work by blocking the dopamine transporter.[2] However, these drugs may increase cardiac complications.[11]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Biederman J, Faraone SV (2005). "Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder". Lancet 366 (9481): 237–48. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66915-2. PMID 16023516. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Rappley MD (2005). "Clinical practice. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder". N. Engl. J. Med. 352 (2): 165–73. DOI:10.1056/NEJMcp032387. PMID 15647579. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Okie S (2006). "ADHD in adults". N. Engl. J. Med. 354 (25): 2637–41. DOI:10.1056/NEJMp068113. PMID 16790695. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Biederman J, Faraone SV (2006). "The effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on employment and household income". MedGenMed 8 (3): 12. PMID 17406154. [e]
- ↑ Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Bessler A, Malloy P, Hynes ME (1997). "Educational and occupational outcome of hyperactive boys grown up". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36 (9): 1222–7. PMID 9291723. [e]
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Faraone SV, Perlis RH, Doyle AE, et al (2005). "Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". Biol. Psychiatry 57 (11): 1313–23. DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.024. PMID 15950004. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Kuehn BM (March 2007). "Scientists probe child bipolar disorder". JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 297 (11): 1181. DOI:10.1001/jama.297.11.1181. PMID 17374805. Research Blogging.
- ↑ (December 1999) "A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The MTA Cooperative Group. Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD". Archives of general psychiatry 56 (12): 1073–86. PMID 10591283. [e]
- ↑ Pritchard D (2006). "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children". Clin Evid (15): 331–44. PMID 16973014. [e]
- ↑ Nissen SE (2006). "ADHD drugs and cardiovascular risk". N. Engl. J. Med. 354 (14): 1445–8. DOI:10.1056/NEJMp068049. PMID 16549404. Research Blogging.