Cloxacillin

(CC) Image: David E. Volk
Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin, a chlorinated form of oxacillin sold under the brand names Novo-Cloxin® and Nu-Cloxi®, is a penicillin-like, beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat infections from beta-lactamase-producing (penicillase-producing) staphylocci, including pneumococci, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, penicillin G-sensitive and penicillin G-resistant staphylococci.[1].

Mechanism of action

Like other penicillin-like drugs, cloxacillin interferes with the last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, thus inhibiting the cross-linking needed to from a stable bacterial cell wall. This leads to autolysis of the bacteria by autolysins.

Chemistry

The IUPAC chemical name of cloxacillin is (2S,5R,6R)-6-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl1,2-oxazole-4-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid and its chemical formula is C₁₉H₁₈ClN₃O₅S. It has a beta-lactam structure.

Drug interactions

The drugs demeclocycline , doxycycline, methacycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, rolitetracycline and tetracycline may be antagonists of cloxacillin. Oral contraceptives, including ethinyl estradiol and mestranol be less effective when taken with cloxacillin. The anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, anisindione, dicumarol, methotrexate and warfarin are increased when taken with cloxacillin.

External links

• Cloxacillin - FDA approved drug information (drug label) from DailyMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
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