Chemical engineering

Chemical engineering is one of the broadest fields of engineering. That stems from the fact that the discipline of chemical engineering is founded on mathematics and all of the basic sciences such as chemistry, physics and biology.

The disciplinary definition would be that chemical engineering is the profession in which knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, gained by study, experience and practice, is applied with judgement to develop economic and safe ways of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful products to benefit mankind.

The occupational definition would be that chemical engineering is a field that deals with industrial and natural processes that involve the chemical, physical or biological transformation of matter or energy into forms useful for mankind, economically and safely without compromising the environment.

Perhaps, the simplest definition is that chemical engineering is the design, development and management of a wide and varied spectrum of industrial and other endeavors.

Chemical engineering applications

• Petroleum refining processes: Process design, operation and management of refineries producing LPG, gasoline, diesel oil, fuel oils, asphalt, lubricants, waxes, etc.
• Natural gas processing: The process design, operation and management of plants that process raw natural gas to become suitable for consumer use by removing impurities and by-product natural gas liquids (NGL).
• Chemical and petrochemical plants: Process design, operation and management of plants producing plastics, synthetic fibers, elastomers, agricultural chemicals (fertilisers, insecticides, herbicides), detergents (soap, shampoo, cleaning solutions), fragrances, explosives, widely used industrial chemicals (such as sulfuric acid and ammonia) and many others.
• Pulp and paper mills: Design, operation and management of plants producing paper and paper products.
• Food and drink processing: Design, operation and management of plants that process foodstuffs and drinks of all kinds.
• Pharmaceuticals: Design and production of new drugs.
• Biochemical and bioengineering process industries: Design and operation of facilities involving fermentation, enzyme technology, and biological waste treatment.
• Fossil fuel power plants: Design, operation and management of power plants fueled by natural gas, oil or coal.
• Nuclear engineering: Design, operation and management of nuclear power plants.
• Paints and coatings: Design and operation of plants producing all types of paints and coatings.
• Adhesives and composites: The production of all manner of adhesives and composite materials for automobiles as well as the aerospace industries.
• Glass and ceramics: Design and operation of plants producing glass and ceramics.
• Environmental engineering: Design of air pollution and water pollution control and mitigation facilities. Performing environmental impact studies. Selection or design of facilities to comply with governmental environmental protection regulations.
• Safety engineering: Performing hazardous operation studies (Hazops), risk analyses, and establishing and implementing safe operating procedures for industrial facilities.
• Research and development: Fuel cells, nanotechnology down to the cellular level, computer chips, and other leading edge technologies.

In all of the above industries, chemical engineers may also function as consultants, lawyers reviewing new technology patents, sales engineers, instrumentation and control engineers, and equipment manufacturers.

Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

In recent years, chemical engineering has become more and more involved in biomolecular engineering. At a 1992 meeting of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), they defined the term, "Biomolecular Engineering," as Research and development at the interface of chemical engineering and biology with an emphasis at the molecular level.

A good many universities now offer degree programs in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. In the future, chemical engineering will not only encompass design work at large scales (e.g., petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants) but will also encompass work at very small scales down to the cellular level.

Professional societies and organization

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• United States: American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)
• United Kingdom: Institute of Chemical Engineers (IChemE)
• Europe: European Federation of Chemical Engineering
• Germany: Society for Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (DECHEMA)
• Canada: Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
• Australia: The Royal Australian Chemical Institute
• Japan: Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan (SCEJ)
• India: Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers (IIChE)
• South Africa: South African Society of Chemical Engineers
• Korea: Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers (KIChE)
• Mexico: Mexican Insititute of Chemical Engineers
• Argentina: Argentinian Association for Chemical Engineers
• Brazil: Brazilian Association of Chemical Engineering
• Puerto Rico: Institute of Chemical Engineers