English phonemes: Difference between revisions

From Citizendium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Ro Thorpe
(= sign)
imported>Ro Thorpe
m (reordered)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''The sounds and their spellings'''
'''The sounds and their spellings'''


The '''áccents''' on bold example words indicate stressed vowels and show their pronunciation.  Words in ''italics'' suggest meaning in the case of homophones. The bullet (●) represents any consonant. AmE: American English; BrE: British English; other varieties may combine the two. An equals sign shows homophones: '''sêen''' ''saw'' = '''scêne''' ''scenic, drama, crime''.
The '''áccents''' on bold example words indicate stressed vowels and show their pronunciation.  An equals sign shows homophones, with words in ''italics'' suggesting meaning: '''sêen''' ''saw'' = '''scêne''' ''scenic, drama, crime''. The bullet (●) represents any consonant. AmE: American English; BrE: British English; other varieties may combine the two.  
==Vowels and diphthongs==
==Vowels and diphthongs==
===1. [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] /i:/ '''ê  êa  êe  ê●e  êi  ìê  aê  oê  ì  ỳ  êỳ  êo'''===
===1. [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] /i:/ '''ê  êa  êe  ê●e  êi  ìê  aê  oê  ì  ỳ  êỳ  êo'''===

Revision as of 17:42, 10 November 2007

The sounds and their spellings

The áccents on bold example words indicate stressed vowels and show their pronunciation. An equals sign shows homophones, with words in italics suggesting meaning: sêen saw = scêne scenic, drama, crime. The bullet (●) represents any consonant. AmE: American English; BrE: British English; other varieties may combine the two.

Vowels and diphthongs

1. IPA /i:/ ê êa êe ê●e êi ìê aê oê ì ỳ êỳ êo

ê: bê mê récipê catástrophê Penélopê Lêthê hypërbolê mêthane sêrum dêvious mêdia rêtail dêmon Êly mêtre BrE distance, poem

êa: sêa water lêave hêat sêat bêat hit nêat êasy mêal drêam têam hêath

êe: sêe vision frêe trêe fêel whêel grêed fêed spêed bêet sugar êel rêel

ê●e: Pêter scêne êven fêver mêter all AmE, BrE machine only complête compête

êi: after c: percêive recêive recêipt (-êit) concêit concêive cêiling; after w: wêird wêir (but: wìêld); sêize Shêila Nêil Nêill O´Nêill

ìê: before v: belìêve relìêve grìêve

: stressed, from Greek (BrE): Aêschylus encyclopaêdia; unstressed in Latin plurals: nébulae nôvae fŏrmulae

: BrE (AmE has ê alone) from Greek: Oêdipus amoêba foêtus oêstrogen oenólogy subpoêna

ì: from French: machìne Christìne magazìne nìche elìte

: normally unstressed: fúnny sílly crâzy lâzy êasy wítty dextérity Yvétte Yvónne; stressed: Lỳón Lỳse Mervỳna

êỳ: unstressed: nôsey pôsey láckey jóckey balôney álley Hàrvey

êo: pêople

2. /ɪ/ í ý u o e ’ eí íe

í: sít fít sítter fítter fítting bít líd híd bíd stíll bíll Wílliam Bíll fíll línt tínt wríst pín tílt míddle ínch fíg bíg

ý: týpical sýnthesis sýnagogue sýmptom cýst mýstic mýth trýst Dýlan

u: business busy

o: women

e: unstressed: Jôneses Bíggses Báxes táxes cópses fléxes

: unstressed: Jônes’s Bíggs’s Báx’s

: unstressed -feít: còunterfeít fŏrfeít sürfeít

íe: unstressed: pàrtíes fámilíes lórríes cárríes cárríed márríed pólicíes

3. /e/ é éa ai u

é: béd Néd wét sét pén hén méss dréss pép séven eléven Dévon Édward Téd bred breed clèver éver évery néver tén ténth dén crést

éa: déath bréath bréast déad héad bréad food héaven thréat thréaten

ai: said

u: bury

4. /æ/ á

fát cát sát mát Ánthony ánt bág dágger fán pán áttic spásm cáttle brásh ásh

redundant i in: pláit

redundant e in Gáelic Scotland (= Gállic France); cf. Gâelic Ireland

This sound is never final.

American English uses a long version of á instead of BrE à (nº5) except in fàther Coloràdo Chicàgo pajàmas (BrE pyjàmas) càlm quàlm bàlm àlms or when an r follows.