History of Ireland

The History of Ireland is the topic of this stub; for Ireland in the 21st century see Ireland (state) and Northern Ireland.

History

Middle Ages

In 1167 the deposed King of Leinster, Dermott Mc Murrough travelled to England to hire mercenaries in order to retake his Kingdom. With the consent of Henry II, Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (popularly known as Strongbow) arrived with a small army of Norman knights who proved vastly superior to their Irish counterparts. With their help, Mc Murrough regained his lands. De Clare married Mc Mourrough's daughter, and later laid claim to the crown of Leinster. Henry II, fearful of the possibility of a rival Norman state on his doorstep, arrived in Ireland in 1171 and secured nominal control of the island in 1175. This sequence of events ensured a foothold on the island for successive Anglo-Norman and British rulers, which eventually culminated in the plantations of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

The most succesful of these plantations was the Ulster Plantation. This colonisation effort was spearheaded by English and Scottish Protestants who took control of the lands confiscated by Irish Lords following the Flight of the Earls in 1607. These original Protestant colonists formed the basis of the Ulster-Scots culture which would find itself at odds with the Catholic Gaelic-Irish culture on the island.

Maps

Population trends

Ireland in 1171 showing traditional provinces; map by Harald Toksvig

Ireland under English King Henry VIII, 1540; map by Harald Toksvig

Pre-Cromwell confiscation of lands; map by Harald Toksvig

Severity of famine

See also

• Kingdom of Oriel - an ancient kingdom situated in southern and central Ulster
• Irish Famine
• Irish Land League
• Easter Rising
• Ulster Unionism
• Home Rule party
• Irish Free State
• Irish War of Independence
• Irish Civil War
• Michael Collins
• Éamon de Valera

Bibliography

Reference and surveys

• Bartlett, Thomas and Jeffery, Keith. A Military History of Ireland (1996) excerpt and online search from Amazon.com
• Beckett, J.C. The making of Modern Ireland 1603-1923(1971)
• Bottigheimer, Karl S. Ireland and the Irish: A Short History. Columbia U. Press, 1982. 301 pp.
• Canny, Nicholas. From Reformation to Restoration: Ireland, 1534-1660 (Dublin, 1987)
• Connolly, S. J. ed. The Oxford Companion to Irish History (1998) online edition
• Cosgrove, Art. ed., A New History of Ireland, ii: Medieval Ireland, 1169-1534 Oxford U. Press 1987. 982 pp.
• Cronin, Mike. A History of Ireland. Palgrave. 2001. online edition
• Cullen, L. M. The Emergence of Modern Ireland, 1600-1900 (Dublin, 1981)
• Ellis, Steven G. Ireland in the Age of the Tudors 1447-1603. English Expansion and the End of Gaelic Rule (1998)
• Foster, R. F. Modern Ireland, 1600-1972 (1988), standard scholarly survey excerpts and online search from Amazon.com
• Foster, R. F., ed. The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland. Oxford U. Press, 1989. 382 pp.
• Fry, Peter and Fry, Fiona Somerset. A History of Ireland. Routledge, 1989. 366 pp.
• Hachey, Thomas E., Joseph M. Hernon Jr., Lawrence J. McCaffrey; The Irish Experience: A Concise History M. E. Sharpe, 1996 online edition
• Hickey, D. J. and Doherty, J. E. A Dictionary of Irish History since 1800. Barnes & Noble, 1980. 615 pp.
• Jackson, Alvin. Ireland: 1798-1998 (1999)
• Johnson, Paul. Ireland: Land of Troubles: A History from the Twelfth Century to the Present Day. Holmes & Meier, 1982. 224 pp.
• Lee, J. J. Ireland 1912-1985 (1989)
• Lecky, W. E. H. A History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century, 5 vols. (1892) vol 3 online
• FSL Lyons, Ireland Since the Famine
• Moody, T. W. and Vaughan, W. E., eds. A New History of Ireland. Vol. 4: Eighteenth-Century Ireland, 1691-1800. Oxford U. Press, 1986. 849 pp.
• Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X.; and Byrne, F. J., eds. A New History of Ireland. Vol. 8: A Chronology of Irish History to 1976: A Companion to Irish History, Part 1. Oxford U. Press, 1982. 591 pp
• Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X.; and Byrne, F. J., eds. A New History of Ireland. Vol. 9: Maps, Genealogies, Lists. A Companion to Irish History, Part 2. Oxford U. Press, 1984.
• Newman, Peter R. Companion to Irish History, 1603-1921: From the Submission of Tyrone to Partition. Facts on File, 1991. 256 pp
• Ranelagh, John O'Beirne. A Short History of Ireland. Cambridge U. Press, 1983. 272 pp.
• Ranelagh, John. Ireland: An Illustrated History. Oxford U. Press, 1981. 267 pp.
• Vaughan, W. E., ed. A New History of Ireland. Vol. 5: Ireland under the Union, I, 1801-70. Oxford U. Press, 1990. 839 pp.
• Vaughan, W. E., ed. A New History of Ireland. Vol. 6: Ireland under the Union. Part 2: 1870-1921. Oxford U. Press, 1996. 957 pp.

Atlases and reference

• Cunliffe, Barry et al., ed. The Penguin Atlas of British and Irish History. 320 pp.
• Donnelly, James S., ed. Encyclopedia of Irish History and Culture. Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. 1084 pp.
• Duffy, Sean. Atlas of Irish History (2nd ed 1997)
• Edwards, Ruth Dudley. An Atlas of Irish History. 2d ed. Methuen, 1981. 286 pp.
• Fleming, N. C. and O'Day, Alan. The Longman Handbook of Modern Irish History since 1800. 2005. 808 pp.
• Graham, B. J. and L. J. Proudfoot, eds. An Historical Geography of Ireland(1993)

Specialized studies

• Bartlett, Thomas and Keith Jeffrey, eds. A Military History of Ireland (1996)
• Boyce, D. George and Alan O’day. The Making of Modern Irish History: Revisionism and the Revisionist Controversy 1996 online edition excerpt and online search from Amazon.com
• Cosgrove, Art. "The Writing of Irish Medieval History", I.H.S., xxvii (1990), 97-111
• Daly, Mary E. "The Irish Free State/ Éire/ Republic of Ireland/ Ireland: 'A Country by Any Other Name'?" Journal of British Studies 2007 46(1): 72-90. Issn: 0021-9371 Fulltext: Ebsco
• de Paor, Liam. The Peoples of Ireland. From Pre-History to Modern Times (London, 1986)
• Donnelly, J. S.. Jr., and Kerby A. Miller, eds. Irish Popular Culture (Dublin, 1999)
• Foster, John Wilson and Chesney, Helena C. G., eds. Nature in Ireland: A Scientific and Cultural History. Dublin: Lilliput, 1998. 658 pp
• Hayes, Alan and Urquhart, Diane, eds. Irish Women's History. Dublin: Irish Acadamy Press, 2004. 240 pp.
• Hill, Jacqueline R. "Popery and Protestantism, Civil and Religious Liberty: The Disputed Lessons of Irish History 1690-1812", Past and Present, 118 (1988), 96-129 fulltext in JSTOR
• Kreilkamp, Vera, ed. Eire/Land (2003), environmental history
• Luddy, Maria. Women in Ireland, 1800-1918: A Documentary History. Cork U. Press, 1995. 356 pp.
• ÓGráda, Cormac. Ireland: A New Economic History, 1780-1939. Oxford U. Press, 1994. 536 pp.
• Ward, Alan J. The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland 1782–1992 (Irish Academic Press, 1994) (ISBN 0-7165-2528-3)

Culture

• Brown, Terence. Ireland: A Social and Cultural History, 1922 to the Present. Cornell U. Press, 1985. 310 pp.
• Cahalan, James M. The Irish Novel: A Critical History. Twayne, 1988. 365 pp.
• Cleary, Joe and Connolly, Claire, eds. The Cambridge Guide to Modern Irish Culture. Cambridge U. Press, 2005. 363 pp.
• Deane, Seamus. A Short History of Irish Literature. U. of Notre Dame Press, 1986. 282 pp.
• Duddy, Thomas. A History of Irish Thought Routledge, 2002 online edition
• Flynn, Arthur. The Story of Irish Film. Blackrock, Ireland: Currach, 2006. 328 pp.
• Gonzalez, Alexander G. Modern Irish Writers: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook Greenwood Press, 1997 online edition
• Kiberd, Declan. The Irish Writer and the World.

Cambridge U. Press, 2005. 331 pp.

• McHugh, Roger and Harmon, Maurice. Short History of Anglo-Irish Literature from Its Origins to the Present Day. Barnes & Noble, 1982. 377 pp.
• Mercier, Vivian, and Eilís Dillon. Modern Irish Literature: Sources and Founders Clarendon Press, 1994 online edition
• Morash, Christopher. A History of Irish Theatre, 1601-2000. Cambridge U. Press, 2002. 322 pp.
• Murphy, James H. Ireland: A Social, Cultural and Literary History, 1791-1891. Blackrock, Ireland: Four Courts Pr., 2003. 224 pp.
• ÓhÓgáin, Dáithí. The Lore of Ireland: An Encyclopedia of Myth, Legend, and Romance. Rochester, N.Y.: Boydell, 2006. 531 pp.
• Pierce, David. Light, Freedom, and Song: A Cultural History of Modern Irish Writing. Yale U. Press, 2006. 350 pp.
• Yeats, W. B. A Book of Irish Verse Routledge, 2002 online edition

Famine era

• Kinealy, Christine. The Great Calamity: The Irish Famine, 1845-52 (Dublin, 1994) excerpt and online search from Amazon.com
• Mokyr, Joel. Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800-1850. Allen & Unwin, 1983. 330 pp. online edition
• ÓGráda, Cormac. Ireland: A New Economic History, 1780-1939. Oxford U. Press, 1994. 536 pp.
• ÓGráda, Cormac. Black '47 and Beyond: The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy, and Memory. Princeton U. Press, 1999. 272 pp. excerpt and online search from Amazon.com
• Vaughan, W. E., ed. A New History of Ireland. Vol. 5: Ireland under the Union, I, 1801-70. Oxford U. Press, 1990. 839 pp.
• Woodham-Smith, Cecil Blanche Fitzgerald. The Great Hunger: Ireland: 1845-1849 (1992) excerpt and online search from Amazon.com

Early 20th century

• Bell, J. Bowyer. The Secret Army: The IRA, 1916-1979. 2nd ed M.I.T. Press 1980. 481 pp.
• Coogan, Tim Pat. The Man Who Made Ireland: The Life and Death of Michael Collins. Roberts Rinehart, 1992. 510 pp.
• Coogan, Tim Pat. De Valera: Long Fellow, Long Shadow (London, 1993).
• Costello, Francis Joseph. "The Anglo-Irish War, 1919-1921: A Reappraisal." PhD dissertation Boston Coll. 1992. 425 pp. DAI 1993 53(9): 3338-A. DA9301731 Online at Proquest
• Geraghty, Tony. The Irish War: The Hidden Conflict between the IRA and British Intelligence. Johns Hopkins U. Press, 2000. 444 pp.
• Hart, Peter M. The I.R.A. and Its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork, 1916-1923 Clarendon Press, 1999 350pp online edition
• Hart, Peter M. "The Social Structure of the Irish Republican Army, 1916-1923." Historical Journal 1999 42(1): 207-231. Fulltext: in Jstor
• Hart, Peter. The I.R.A. at War, 1916-1923. Oxford U. Press, 2004. 280 pp.
• Hart, Peter. "The Geography of Revolution in Ireland 1917-1923," Past and Present, No. 155 (May, 1997), pp. 142-176 online at JSTOR
• Kautt, William H. The Anglo-Irish War, 1916-1921: A People's War Praeger Publishers, 1999 online edition
• Townsend, Charles. "The Irish Republican Army and the Development of Guerrilla Warfare, 1916-1921." English Historical Review 1979 94(371): 318-345. Issn: 0013-8266 Fulltext: in Jstor
• Walsh, Oonagh. Ireland's Independence, 1880-1923 Routledge, 2002 online edition

Ulster

• Adamson, Ian. The Identity of Ulster, 2nd edition (Belfast, 1987)
• Arthur, Paul. Government and Politics of Northern Ireland
• Bardon, Jonathan. A History of Ulster (Belfast, 1992)
• Bew, Paul, Peter Gibbon and Henry Patterson, Northern Ireland 1921-1994: Political Forces and Social Classes (1995)
• Bew, Paul. Ideology and the Irish Question: Ulster Unionism and Irish Nationalism 1912-1916 (1998) excerpt and online search from Amazon.com
• Brady, Claran, Mary O'Dowd and Brian Walker, eds. Ulster: An Illustrated History (1989)
• Elliott, Marianne. The Catholics of Ulster: A History. (2001). online edition
• Farrell, Michael. Northern Ireland: The Orange State, 2nd edition (1980)
• Henessy, Thomas. A History of Northern Ireland, 1920-1996. (1998). 365 pp.
• Mitchel, Patrick. Evangelicalism and National Identity in Ulster, 1921-1998 (2003) excerpt and online search from Amazon.com
• Hostettler, John. Sir Edward Carson: A Dream Too Far (1997)

Primary sources

• Edwards, R. W. Dudley, and Mary O'Dowd, eds. Sources for Modern Irish History 1534-1641 (2003)