imported>Lee R. Berger |
imported>Lee R. Berger |
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| '''Monkeys''' are a group of [[Primate|primates]] found in both the [[New world|"New"]] and the [[Old world|"Old" World]]. The term "monkey" is actually a [[Layperson|laypersons]] term for any one of the generally small-bodied and often distantly related primates that do not fall into the classification of [[Prosimian|prosimians]] or the generaly larger bodied [[Ape|apes]] and [[Hominin|humans]]. There are two basic types of monkeys - platyrrhines and catarrhines<ref name="Fleagle">{{cite book|title=Primate Adaptation and Evolution|accessdate=|author=J. Fleagle|authorlink= |coauthors= |date=1998 |format= |work= |publisher=Academic Press: New York|pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="Szalay">{{cite book |title=Evolutionary History of the Primates|accessdate=|author=F. Szalay and E. Delson|authorlink= |coauthors= |date=2001 |format= |work= |publisher=Academic Press, New York|pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref>. [[South America|South American]] monkeys are known as platyrrhines and differ substantially from the catarrhines monkeys, having evolved largely in isolation<ref name="Fleagle"/><ref name="Szalay"/>. | | '''Monkeys''' are a group of [[Primate|primates]] found in both the [[New world|"New"]] and the [[Old world|"Old" World]]. The term "monkey" is actually a [[Layperson|laypersons]] term for any one of the generally small-bodied and often distantly related primates that do not fall into the classification of [[Prosimian|prosimians]] or the generaly larger bodied [[Ape|apes]] and [[Hominin|humans]]. There are two basic types of monkeys - platyrrhines and catarrhines<ref name="Fleagle">{{cite book|title=Primate Adaptation and Evolution|accessdate=|author=J. Fleagle|authorlink= |coauthors= |date=1998 |format= |work= |publisher=Academic Press: New York|pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref><ref name="Szalay">{{cite book |title=Evolutionary History of the Primates|accessdate=|author=F. Szalay and E. Delson|authorlink= |coauthors= |date=2001 |format= |work= |publisher=Academic Press, New York|pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref>. [[South America|South American]] monkeys are known as platyrrhines and differ substantially from the catarrhines monkeys, having evolved largely in isolation<ref name="Fleagle"/><ref name="Szalay"/>. |
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| Catarrhines monkeys are "Old World Monkeys" and all fall under the Superfamily Cercopithecidae<ref name="Szalay"/>. They have narrow noses, eight pre-molars and none have prehensile tails<ref name="Fleagle"/>. There are two Subfamilies within the Superfamily - Cercopithecinae and Colobinae<ref name="Szalay"/>. There are approximatly sixty species of cercopithicus monkey and about forty species of colobus monkey. | | Catarrhines monkeys are "Old World Monkeys" and all fall under the Superfamily Cercopithecidae<ref name="Szalay"/>. They have narrow noses, eight pre-molars and none have prehensile tails<ref name="Fleagle"/>. There are two Subfamilies within the Superfamily - Cercopithecinae and Colobinae<ref name="Szalay"/>. There are approximatly sixty species of cercopithicus monkey and about forty species of colobus monkey. |
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| ==Living species of monkey==
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| =====INFRAORDER PLATYRHINI=====
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| =====Superfamily Ceboidea=====
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| ======Family Cebidae======
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| *Bolivian Titi ''[[Callicebus modestus]]''
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| *Bolivian Gray Titi ''[[Callicebus donacophilus]]''
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| *Beni Titi ''[[Callicebus olallae]]''
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| *Andean Titi ''[[Callicebus oenanthe]]''
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| *Ashy-gray Titi ''[[Callicebus cinerascens]]''
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| *Hoffmann's Titi ''[[Callicebus hoffmannsi]]''
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| *Dusky Titi ''[[Callicebus moloch]]''
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| *Brown Titi ''[[Callicebus brunneus]]''
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| *Madidi Titi ''[[Callicebus aureipalatii]]''
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| *Chestnut Bellied Titi ''[[Callicebus caligatus]]''
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| *Red Titi ''[[Callicebus cupreus]]''
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| *Hershkovitz's Titi ''[[Callicebus dubius]]''
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| *Masked Titi ''[[Callicebus personatus]]''
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| *Collared Titi ''[[Callicebus torquatus]]''
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| *Lemurine Owl Monkey ''[[Aotus lemurinus]]''
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| *Brumback's Owl Monkey ''[[Aotus brumbacki]]''
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| *Hershkovitz's Owl Monkey ''[[Aotus hershkovitzi]]''
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| *Northern Owl Monkey ''[[Aotus trivirgatus]]''
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| *Spix's Owl Monkey ''[[Aotus vociferans]]''
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| *Andean Owl Monkey ''[[Aotus miconax]]''
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| *Peruvian Red-necked Owl Monkey ''[[Aotus nancymae]]''
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| *Black-headed Owl Monkey ''[[Aotus nigriceps]]''
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| *Southern Owl Monkey ''[[Aotus azarae]]''
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| *Kuhl's Owl Monkey ''[[Aotus infulatus]]''
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| *White-faced Saki ''[[Pithecia pithecia]]''
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| *Monk Saki ''[[Pithecia monachus]]''
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| *Bald-faced Saki ''[[Pithecia irrorator]]''
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| *Red-bearded Saki ''[[Pithecia aequatorialis]]''
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| *Buffy Saki ''[[Pithecia albicans]]''
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| *Black Saki ''[[Chiropotes satanas]]''
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| *White-nosed Saki ''[[Chiropotes albinasus]]''
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| *Black-headed Uakari ''[[Cacajao melanocephalus]]''
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| *Red Uakari ''[[Cacajao calvus]]''
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| *White-throated Capuchin ''[[Cebus capucinus]]''
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| *White-fronted Capuchin ''[[Cebus albifrons]]''
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| *Weeper Capuchin ''[[Cebus olivaceus]]''
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| *Ka'apor Capuchin ''[[Cebus kaapori]]''
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| *Black-capped Capuchin ''[[Cebus paella]]''
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| *Red-backed Squirrel Monkey ''[[Saimiri oerstedi]]''
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| *Common Squirrel Monkey ''[[Saimiri sciureus]]''
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| *Golden-backed Squirrel Monkey ''[[Saimiri ustus]]''
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| *Bolivian Squirrel Monkey ''[[Saimiri boliviensis]]''
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| *Blackish Squirrel Monkey ''[[Saimiri vanzolinii]]''
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| *Guatemalan Howler Monkey ''[[Alouatta pigra]]''
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| *Mantled Howler Monkey ''[[Alouatta palliate]]''
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| *Coiba Island Howler Monkey ''[[Alouatta coibensis]]''
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| *Red Howler Monkey ''[[Alouatta seniculus]]''
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| *Red-handed Howler Monkey ''[[Alouatta belzebul]]''
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| *Brown Howler Monkey ''[[Alouatta fusca]]''
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| *Black Howler Monkey ''[[Alouatta caraya]]''
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| *Black Spider Monkey ''[[Ateles paniscus]]''
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| *Long-haired Spider Monkey ''[[Ateles belzebuth]]''
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| *Black-faced Spider Monkey ''[[Ateles chamek]]''
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| *Brown-headed Spider Monkey ''[[Ateles fusciceps]]''
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| *Black-handed Spider Monkey ''[[Ateles geoffroyi]]''
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| *Woolly Spider Monkey ''[[Brachyteles arachnoids]]''
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| *Humboldt's Woolly Monkey ''[[Lagothrix lagotricha]]''
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| *Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey ''[[Lagothrix flavicauda]]''
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| ======Family Callitrichidae======
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| *Goeldi's Marmoset ''[[Callimico goeldii]]''
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| *Common Marmoset ''[[Callithrix jacchus]]''
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| *Black Tufted-ear Marmoset ''[[Callithrix penicillata]]''
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| *Wied's Marmoset ''[[Callithrix kuhli]]''
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| *Geoffroy's Tufted-ear Marmoset ''[[Callithrix geoffroyi]]''
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| *Buffy-headed Marmoset ''[[Callithrix flaviceps]]''
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| *Buffy Tufted-ear Marmoset ''[[Callithrix aurita]]''
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| *Silvery Marmoset ''[[Callithrix argentata]]''
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| *Golden-white Bare-ear Marmoset ''[[Callithrix leucippe]]''
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| *Snethlage's Marmoset ''[[Callithrix emiliae]]''
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| *Black-headed Marmoset ''[[Callithrix nigriceps]]''
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| *Black-tailed Marmoset ''[[Callithrix melanura]]''
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| *Black-and-white Tassel-ear Marmoset ''[[Callithrix humeralifer]]''
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| *Rio Maues Marmoset ''[[Callithrix mauesi]]''
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| *Golden-white Tassel-ear Marmoset ''[[Callithrix chrysoleuca]]''
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| *Tassel-ear Marmoset ''[[Callithrix intermedia]]''
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| *Dwarf Marmoset ''[[Callithrix humilis]]''
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| *Rio Acari Marmoset ''[[Callithrix acariensis]]''
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| *Rio Manicore Marmoset ''[[Callithrix manicorensis]]''
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| *Pygmy Marmoset ''[[Cebuella pygmaea]]''
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| *Golden Lion Tamarin ''[[Leontopithecus rosalia]]''
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| *Golden-headed Lion Tamarin ''[[Leontopithecus chrysomelas ]]''
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| *Golden-rumped Lion Tamarin ''[[Leontopithecus chrysopygus ]]''
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| *Black-faced Lion Tamarin ''[[Leontopithecus caissara]]''
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| *Midas Tamarin ''[[Saguinus midas]]''
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| *Black-mantle Tamarin ''[[Saguinus nigricollis]]''
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| *Saddle-back Tamarin ''[[Saguinus fuscicollis]]''
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| *Golden-mantle Saddle-back Tamarin ''[[Saguinus tripartitus]]''
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| *Black-chested Moustached Tamarin ''[[Saguinus mystax ]]''
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| *Red-bellied Tamarin ''[[Saguinus labiatus]]''
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| *Emperor Tamarin ''[[Saguinus imperator]]''
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| *Pied Tamarin ''[[Saguinus bicolour]]''
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| *Cotton-top Tamarin ''[[Saguinus oedipus ]]''
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| *Geoffroy's Tamarin ''[[Saguinus geoffroyi]]''
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| *White-footed Tamarin ''[[Saguinus leucopus]]''
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| *Mottle-face Tamarin ''[[Saguinus inustus]]''
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| =====INFRAORDER CATARRHINI=====
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| =====Superfamily Hominoidea=====
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| ======Family Hylobatidae======
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| *White-handed Gibbon ''[[Hylobates lar]]''
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| *Agile Gibbon ''[[Hylobates agilis]]''
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| *Mueller's Gibbon ''[[Hylobates muelleri]]''
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| *Moloch Gibbon ''[[Hylobates moloch]]''
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| *Pileated Gibbon ''[[Hylobates pileatus]]''
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| *Kloss' Gibbon ''[[Hylobates klossii]]''
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| *Hoolock Gibbon ''[[Hylobates hoolock]]''
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| *Black Gibbon ''[[Hylobates concolor]]''
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| *Siamang ''[[Hylobates syndactylus]]''
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| ======Family Hominidae======
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| *Orang-Utan ''[[Pongo pygmaeus]]''
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| *Gorilla ''[[Gorilla gorilla]]''
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| *Pygmy Chimpanzee (Bonobo) ''[[Pan paniscus]]''
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| *Common Chimpanzee ''[[Pan troglodytes]]''
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| *Humans ''[[Homo sapiens]]''
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| =====Superfamily Cercopithecoidea=====
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| ======Family Cercopithecidae======
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| ======Subfamily Cercopithecinae======
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| *Allen's Swamp Monkey ''[[Allenopithecus nigroviridis]]''
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| *Talapoin Monkey ''[[Miopithecus talapoin]]''
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| *Patas Monkey [[Erythrocebus patas]]
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| *Vervet Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus aethiops]]''
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| *Sykes Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus albogularis]]''
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| *Dryas Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus dryas]]''
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| *Zaire Diana Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus salongo]]''
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| *Diana Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus diana]]''
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| *Greater White-nosed Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus nictitans]]''
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| *Blue Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus mitis]]''
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| *Mona Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus mona]]''
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| *Campbell's Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus campbelli]]''
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| *Crowned Guenon ''[[Cercopithecus pogonias]]''
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| *Wolf's Monkey [''[Cercopithecus wolfi]]''
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| *Lesser White-nosed Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus petaurista]]''
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| *Red-bellied Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus erythrogaster]]''
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| *Sclater's Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus sclateri]]''
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| *Red-eared Nose-spotted Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus erythrotis]]''
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| *Moustached Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus cephus]]''
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| *Redtail Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus ascanius]]''
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| *L'hoest's Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus lhoesti]]''
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| *Preuss's Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus preussi]]''
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| *Sun-tailed Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus solatus]]''
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| *Hamlyn's Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus hamlyni]]''
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| *DeBrazza's Monkey ''[[Cercopithecus neglectus]]''
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| *Barbary Macaque ''[[Macaca sylvanus]]''
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| *Lion-tailed Macaque ''[[Macaca silenus]]''
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| *Pigtailed Macaque ''[[Macaca nemestrina]]''
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| *Mentawai Macaque ''[[Macaca pagensis]]''
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| *Moor Macaque ''[[Macaca maura]]''
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| *Ochre Macaque ''[[Macaca ochreata]]''
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| *Muna-Butung Macaque ''[[Macaca brunescens]]''
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| *Tonkean Macaque ''[[Macaca tonkeana]]''
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| *Heck's Macaque ''[[Macaca hecki]]''
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| *Gorontalo Macaque ''[[Macaca nigriscens]]''
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| *Celebes Macaque ''[[Macaca nigra]]''
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| *Crab-eating Macaque ''[[Macaca fascicularis]]''
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| *Stumptailed Macaque ''[[Macaca arctoides]]''
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| *Rhesus Macaque ''[[Macaca mulatta]]''
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| *Formosan Rock Macaque ''[[Macaca cyclopis]]''
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| *Japanese Macaque ''[[Macaca fuscata]]''
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| *Toque Macaque ''[[Macaca sinica]]''
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| *Bonnet Macaque ''[[Macaca radiate]]''
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| *Assamese Macaque ''[[Macaca assamensis]]''
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| *Arunachal Macaque ''[[Macaca munzala]]''
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| *Pere David's Macaque ''[[Macaca thibetana]]''
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| *Gray-cheeked Mangabey ''[[Lophocebus albigena]]''
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| *Highland Mangabey ''[[Lophocebus kipunji]]''
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| *Black Mangabey ''[[Lophocebus aterrimus]]''
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| *Hamadryas Baboon ''[[Papio hamadryas]]''
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| *Guinea Baboon ''[[Papio papio]]''
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| *Olive Baboon ''[[Papio anubis]]''
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| *Yellow Baboon ''[[Papio cynocephalus]]''
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| *Chacma Baboon ''[[Papio ursinus]]''
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| *Gelada Baboon ''[[Theropithecus gelada]]''
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| *Sooty Mangabey ''[[Cercocebus atys]]''
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| *White-collared Mangabey ''[[Cercocebus torquatus]]''
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| *Agile Mangabey ''[[Cercocebus agilis]]''
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| *Tana River Mangabey ''[[Cercocebus galeritus]]''
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| *Mandrill ''[[Mandrillus sphinx]]''
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| *Drill ''[[Mandrillus leucophaeus]]''
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| ======Subfamily Colobinae======
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| *Black Colobus Monkey ''[[Colobus satanas]]''
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| *Angolan Black-and-white Colobus Monkey ''[[Colobus angolensis]]''
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| *Western Black-and-white Colobus Monkey ''[[Colobus polykomos]]''
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| *Geoffroy's Black-and-white Colobus Monkey ''[[Colobus vellerosus]]''
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| *Abyssinian Black-and-white Colobus Monkey ''[[Colobus guereza]]''
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| *Western Red Colobus Monkey ''[[Procolobus badius]]''
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| *Pennant's Red Colobus Monkey ''[[Procolobus pennantii]]''
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| *Preuss's Red Colobus Monkey ''[[Procolobus preussi]]''
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| *Tana River Red Colobus Monkey ''[[Procolobus rufomitratus]]''
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| *Olive Colobus Monkey ''[[Procolobus verus]]''
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| *Hanuman Langur ''[[Semnopithecus entellus]]''
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| *Purple-faced Langur ''[[Trachypithecus vetulus]]''
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| *Nilgiri Langur ''[[Trachypithecus johnii]]''
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| *Javan Langur ''[[Trachypithecus auratus]]''
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| *Silvered Leaf-monkey ''[[Trachypithecus cristatus]]''
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| *Tenasserim Langur ''[[Trachypithecus barbei]]''
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| *Dusky Leaf-monkey ''[[Trachypithecus obscurus]]''
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| *Phayre's Leaf-monkey ''[[Trachypithecus phayrei]]''
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| *Capped Langur ''[[Trachypithecus pileatus]]''
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| *Golden Langur ''[[Trachypithecus geei]]''
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| *Francois' Leaf-monkey ''[[Trachypithecus francoisi]]''
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| *Hatinh Langur ''[[Trachypithecus hatinhensis]]''
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| *White-headed Langur ''[[Trachypithecus poliocephalus]]''
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| *Laotian Langur ''[[Trachypithecus laotum]]''
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| *Delacour's Langur ''[[Trachypithecus delacouri]]''
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| *Mitered Leaf-monkey ''[[Presbytis melalophos]]''
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| *Banded Leaf-monkey ''[[Presbytis femoralis]]''
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| *White Fronted Leaf-monkey ''[[Presbytis frontata]]''
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| *Grizzled Leaf-monkey ''[[Presbytis comata]]''
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| *Thomas's Leaf-monkey ''[[Presbytis thomasi]]''
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| *Hose's Leaf-monkey ''[[Presbytis hosei]]''
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| *Maroon Leaf-monkey ''[[Presbytis rubicunda]]''
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| *Mentawai Island Leaf-monkey ''[[Presbytis potenziani]]''
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| *Douc Langur ''[[Pygathrix nemaeus]]''
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| *Snub-nosed Langur ''[[Pygathrix roxellana]]''
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| *Black Snub-nosed Langur ''[[Pygathrix bieti]]''
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| *Brelich's Snub-nosed Langur ''[[Pygathrix brelichi]]''
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| *Tonkin Snub-nosed Langur ''[[Pygathrix avunculus]]''
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| *Proboscis Monkey ''[[Nasalis larvatus]]''
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| *Pig-tailed Langur ''[[Nasalis concolor]]''
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| ==References== | | ==References== |