Roman de Fauvel

The Roman de Fauvel, translated as The Story of the Fawn-Colored Beast, is a 14th century French poem written by Gervais du Bus, a royal clerk. First published in Paris in 1314, the piece serves as an allegorical criticism of church and state, comparing the Pope to a donkey that moves into his master's house. The text is attributed to Gervais du Bus, a member of the royal administration. It was successful enough to be still copied in the 15th century. Twelve manuscripts have survived, the most famous of which is probably the fr. BN146, written in 1316.

The piece is best known for its musical arrangement, most of it written by Philipped de Vitry in the Ars Nova style.

Following in the literary tradition of the thirteenth century, the Roman de Fauvel is often compared with the Roman de la Rose. The Roman de Fauvel is laden with allegories and political satire. The main character, Fauvel, is a horse who represents all that is evil in the world. His name, which when broken down forms fau-vel, or "veiled lie", also forms an acrostic in which each letter stands for one of the seven deadly sins: Flaterie (Flattery), Avarice (Greed), Vilanie (Guile), Variété (Inconstancy), Envie (Envy), and Lacheté (Cowardice). (Dillon 14)

The BN146 is attributed to Chaillou de Pesstain. Its particular value resides in the additional 3000 verses and 169 musical pieces which constitute a veritable anthology of thirteenth and early fourteenth century music (this includes Latin and French liturgical and devotional, sacred and profane, monophonic and polyphonic, chant, old and new music). The BN146 has often been said to mark the beginning of the stylistic period Ars Nova.

Literary and music critics have often claimed that the musical interpolations were chosen entirely randomly (Paris, 1898; Langfors, 1914; Gagnepain, 1996). However, more recent work has attempted to disprove this hypothesis, showing that the additions contributed by the BN146 are part to a larger artistic project with, beyond the political message, a religious purpose (Herbelot, 1998). Interestingly, the idea that this manuscript was more than an anthology was proposed back in 1935 by Emilie Dankh who gave us then a complete edition of the text of the BN146.

Although the text of the Roman de Fauvel is not particularly well known, the music has been frequently performed / recorded for the last thirty years or so. The question of how the entire work would have been read or staged in the 14th century is the subject of another controversy. Some have suggested that the BN146 could have been a theatrical piece (Dankh, Herbelot). This hypothesis is of course in contradiction with the concurrent opinion that the Roman de Fauvel is mainly an anthology (Gagnepain).

See also

• Ars nova
• Medieval music#France: Ars nova
• Guillaume de Machaut
• Philippe de Vitry
• Allegory in the Middle Ages

References

• Emilie Dahnk. L'hérésie de Fauvel, Leipzig - Paris, 1935, in Leipziger romanitische Studien, Literaturwissenschaftliche Reihe n°4.
• Emma Dillon, "Medieval Music-Making and the 'Roman de Fauvel'. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 2002. ISBN 0-521-81371-9
• Bernard Gagnepain. Histoire de la musique au Moyen Age, tome II, Seuil, 1996.
• Aurelie Herbelot. Etude des processus de la création - Roman de Fauvel de Chaillou de Pesstain - fr.146, Thèse de Maîtrise, Université de Savoie, 1998. [1]
• Arthur Langfors. Le Roman de Fauvel de Gervais du Bus, édition d'après tous les manuscrits existants, Paris: Société des Anciens Textes Français; 1914-1919.
• Gaston Paris. Histoire littéraire, tome XXXII, Paris, 1898.