Nobel Prize in Physics/Catalogs: Difference between revisions
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<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1" width="6%"> 1901 <td width="23%"> [[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] <td>Germany | <td rowspan="1" width="6%"> 1901 <td width="23%"> [[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] <td>Germany | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For the discovery of X-rays | <td rowspan="1"> For the discovery of X-rays | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1902 <td> [[Hendrik A. Lorentz]] <td>Netherlands | <td rowspan="2"> 1902 <td> [[Hendrik A. Lorentz]] <td>Netherlands | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For the discovery of influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena | <td rowspan="2"> For the discovery of influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[Pieter Zeeman]] <td>Netherlands | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[Pieter Zeeman]] <td>Netherlands | ||
<tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="3"> 1903 <td> [[Henri Becquerel]] <td>France | <td rowspan="3"> 1903 <td> [[Henri Becquerel]] <td>France | ||
<td rowspan="3"> For researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel | <td rowspan="3"> For researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel | ||
<tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Pierre Curie]] <td>France | <tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Pierre Curie]] <td>France | ||
<tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Marie Curie]] <td>France | <tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Marie Curie]] <td>France | ||
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<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1904 <td> [[Lord Rayleigh]] <td>UK | <td rowspan="1"> 1904 <td> [[Lord Rayleigh]] <td>UK | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For investigations of the densities of gases and for discovery of argon | <td rowspan="1"> For investigations of the densities of gases and for discovery of argon | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1905 <td> [[Philipp Lenard]] <td>Germany | <td rowspan="1"> 1905 <td> [[Philipp Lenard]] <td>Germany | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For for his work on cathode rays | <td rowspan="1"> For for his work on cathode rays | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1906 <td> [[J.J. Thomson]] <td>UK | <td rowspan="1"> 1906 <td> [[J.J. Thomson]] <td>UK | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For work on the conduction of electricity by gases | <td rowspan="1"> For work on the conduction of electricity by gases | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1907 <td> [[Albert A. Michelson]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="1"> 1907 <td> [[Albert A. Michelson]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For optical precision instruments and spectroscopic and metrological investigations | <td rowspan="1"> For optical precision instruments and spectroscopic and metrological investigations | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1908 <td> [[Gabriel Lippmann]] <td>France | <td rowspan="1"> 1908 <td> [[Gabriel Lippmann]] <td>France | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference | <td rowspan="1"> For method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1909 <td> [[Guglielmo Marconi]] <td>Italy | <td rowspan="2"> 1909 <td> [[Guglielmo Marconi]] <td>Italy | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For he development of wireless telegraphy | <td rowspan="2"> For he development of wireless telegraphy | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Ferdinand Braun]] <td>Germany | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Ferdinand Braun]] <td>Germany | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1910 <td> [[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]] <td>Netherlands | <td rowspan="1"> 1910 <td> [[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]] <td>Netherlands | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For work on the equation of state for gases and liquids | <td rowspan="1"> For work on the equation of state for gases and liquids | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1911 <td> [[Wilhelm Wien]] <td>Germany | <td rowspan="1"> 1911 <td> [[Wilhelm Wien]] <td>Germany | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat | <td rowspan="1"> For discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1912 <td> [[Gustaf Dalén]] <td>Sweden | <td rowspan="1"> 1912 <td> [[Gustaf Dalén]] <td>Sweden | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys | <td rowspan="1"> For automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1913 <td> [[Heike Kamerlingh Onnes]] <td>Netherlands | <td rowspan="1"> 1913 <td> [[Heike Kamerlingh Onnes]] <td>Netherlands | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For investigations of matter at low temperatures which led to the production of liquid helium | <td rowspan="1"> For investigations of matter at low temperatures which led to the production of liquid helium | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1914 <td> [[Max von Laue]] <td>Germany | <td rowspan="1"> 1914 <td> [[Max von Laue]] <td>Germany | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals | <td rowspan="1"> For discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1915 <td> [[William Bragg]] <td>UK | <td rowspan="2"> 1915 <td> [[William Bragg]] <td>UK | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays | <td rowspan="2"> For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Lawrence Bragg]] <td>UK | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Lawrence Bragg]] <td>UK | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1916 <td> No award <td> | <td rowspan="1"> 1916 <td> No award <td> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> – | <td rowspan="1"> – | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1917 <td> [[Charles Glover Barkla]] <td>UK | <td rowspan="1"> 1917 <td> [[Charles Glover Barkla]] <td>UK | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements | <td rowspan="1"> For discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1918 <td> [[Max Planck]] <td>Germany | <td rowspan="1"> 1918 <td> [[Max Planck]] <td>Germany | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta | <td rowspan="1"> For the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1919 <td> [[Johannes Stark]] <td>Germany | <td rowspan="1"> 1919 <td> [[Johannes Stark]] <td>Germany | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields | <td rowspan="1"> For discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1920 <td> [[Charles Edouard Guillaume]] <td>Switzerland | <td rowspan="1"> 1920 <td> [[Charles Edouard Guillaume]] <td>Switzerland | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys | <td rowspan="1"> For precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1921 <td> [[Albert Einstein]] <td>Germ.+Switz. | <td rowspan="1"> 1921 <td> [[Albert Einstein]] <td>Germ.+Switz. | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect | <td rowspan="1"> For services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1922 <td> [[Niels Bohr]] <td>Denmark | <td rowspan="1"> 1922 <td> [[Niels Bohr]] <td>Denmark | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them | <td rowspan="1"> For investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1923 <td> [[Robert A. Millikan]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="1"> 1923 <td> [[Robert A. Millikan]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect | <td rowspan="1"> For work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1924 <td> [[Manne Siegbahn]] <td>Sweden | <td rowspan="1"> 1924 <td> [[Manne Siegbahn]] <td>Sweden | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy | <td rowspan="1"> For discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1925 <td> [[James Franck]] <td>Germany | <td rowspan="2"> 1925 <td> [[James Franck]] <td>Germany | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom | <td rowspan="2"> For discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Gustav Hertz]] <td>Germany | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Gustav Hertz]] <td>Germany | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1926 <td> [[Jean Baptiste Perrin]] <td>France | <td rowspan="1"> 1926 <td> [[Jean Baptiste Perrin]] <td>France | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for discovery of sedimentation equilibrium | <td rowspan="1"> For work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for discovery of sedimentation equilibrium | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1927 <td> [[Arthur H. Compton]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="2"> 1927 <td> [[Arthur H. Compton]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For discovery of Compton scattering; for paths of | <td rowspan="2"> For discovery of Compton scattering; for paths of charged particles made visible by condensation of vapour | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Charles T.R. Wilson]] <td>UK | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Charles T.R. Wilson]] <td>UK | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1928 <td> [[Owen Willans Richardson]] <td>UK | <td rowspan="1"> 1928 <td> [[Owen Willans Richardson]] <td>UK | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of Richardson's law | <td rowspan="1"> For work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of Richardson's law | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1929 <td> [[Louis de Broglie]] <td>France | <td rowspan="1"> 1929 <td> [[Louis de Broglie]] <td>France | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For his discovery of the wave nature of electrons | <td rowspan="1"> For his discovery of the wave nature of electrons | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1930 <td> [[Sir Venkata Raman]] <td>India | <td rowspan="1"> 1930 <td> [[Sir Venkata Raman]] <td>India | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect | <td rowspan="1"> For his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1931 <td> No award <td> | <td rowspan="1"> 1931 <td> No award <td> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> | <td rowspan="1"> – | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1932 <td> [[Werner Heisenberg]] <td>Germany | <td rowspan="1"> 1932 <td> [[Werner Heisenberg]] <td>Germany | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For the creation of quantum mechanics | <td rowspan="1"> For the creation of quantum mechanics | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1933 <td> [[Erwin Schrödinger]] <td>Austria | <td rowspan="2"> 1933 <td> [[Erwin Schrödinger]] <td>Austria | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory | <td rowspan="2"> For the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Paul A.M. Dirac]] <td>UK | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Paul A.M. Dirac]] <td>UK | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1934 <td> No award <td> | <td rowspan="1"> 1934 <td> No award <td> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> | <td rowspan="1"> – | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1935 <td> [[James Chadwick]] <td>UK | <td rowspan="1"> 1935 <td> [[James Chadwick]] <td>UK | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For the discovery of the neutron | <td rowspan="1"> For the discovery of the neutron | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1936 <td> [[Victor F. Hess]] <td>Austria | <td rowspan="2"> 1936 <td> [[Victor F. Hess]] <td>Austria | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For for discovery of cosmic radiation; for discovery of the positron | <td rowspan="2"> For for discovery of cosmic radiation; for discovery of the positron | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[Carl D. Anderson]] <td>USA | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[Carl D. Anderson]] <td>USA | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1937 <td> [[Clinton Davisson]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="2"> 1937 <td> [[Clinton Davisson]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals | <td rowspan="2"> For experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[George Paget Thomson]] <td>UK | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[George Paget Thomson]] <td>UK | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1938 <td> [[Enrico Fermi]] <td>Italy | <td rowspan="1"> 1938 <td> [[Enrico Fermi]] <td>Italy | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and nuclear reactions | <td rowspan="1"> For new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and nuclear reactions | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1939 <td> [[Ernest Lawrence]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="1"> 1939 <td> [[Ernest Lawrence]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For the cyclotron and artificial radioactive elements | <td rowspan="1"> For the cyclotron and artificial radioactive elements | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1940 <td> No award <td> | <td rowspan="1"> 1940 <td> No award <td> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> – | <td rowspan="1"> – | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1941 <td> No award <td> | <td rowspan="1"> 1941 <td> No award <td> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> – | <td rowspan="1"> – | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1942 <td> No award <td> | <td rowspan="1"> 1942 <td> No award <td> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> – | <td rowspan="1"> – | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1943 <td> [[Otto Stern]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="1"> 1943 <td> [[Otto Stern]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For molecular ray method and discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton | <td rowspan="1"> For molecular ray method and discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1944 <td> [[Isidor Isaac Rabi]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="1"> 1944 <td> [[Isidor Isaac Rabi]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei | <td rowspan="1"> For resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1945 <td> [[Wolfgang Pauli]] <td>Austria | <td rowspan="1"> 1945 <td> [[Wolfgang Pauli]] <td>Austria | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle | <td rowspan="1"> For the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1946 <td> [[Percy W. Bridgman]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="1"> 1946 <td> [[Percy W. Bridgman]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For the | <td rowspan="1"> For apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and discoveries in the field of high pressure physics | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1947 <td> [[Edward V. Appleton]] <td>UK | <td rowspan="1"> 1947 <td> [[Edward V. Appleton]] <td>UK | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For the discovery of | <td rowspan="1"> For physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the Appleton layer | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1948 <td> [[Patrick M.S. Blackett]] <td>UK | <td rowspan="1"> 1948 <td> [[Patrick M.S. Blackett]] <td>UK | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For the | <td rowspan="1"> For development of the Wilson cloud chamber and discoveries in nuclear physics and cosmic radiation | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1949 <td> [[Hideki Yukawa]] <td>Japan | <td rowspan="1"> 1949 <td> [[Hideki Yukawa]] <td>Japan | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For the | <td rowspan="1"> For prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1950 <td> [[Cecil Powell]] <td>UK | <td rowspan="1"> 1950 <td> [[Cecil Powell]] <td>UK | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For | <td rowspan="1"> For development of photographic method of studying nuclear processes and discoveries regarding mesons | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1951 <td> [[John Cockcroft]] <td>UK | <td rowspan="2"> 1951 <td> [[John Cockcroft]] <td>UK | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For the | <td rowspan="2"> For their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Ernest T.S. Walton]] <td>Ireland | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Ernest T.S. Walton]] <td>Ireland | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1952 <td> [[Felix Bloch]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="2"> 1952 <td> [[Felix Bloch]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For | <td rowspan="2"> For development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[E. M. Purcell]] <td>USA | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[E. M. Purcell]] <td>USA | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1953 <td> [[Frits Zernike]] <td>Netherlands | <td rowspan="1"> 1953 <td> [[Frits Zernike]] <td>Netherlands | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For the | <td rowspan="1"> For phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1954 <td> [[Max Born]] <td>UK | <td rowspan="2"> 1954 <td> [[Max Born]] <td>UK | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For | <td rowspan="2"> For research in quantum mechanics, for statistical interpretation of wavefunction; for the coincidence method | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[Walther Bothe]] <td>Germany | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[Walther Bothe]] <td>Germany | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1955 <td> [[Willis E. Lamb]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="2"> 1955 <td> [[Willis E. Lamb]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For the | <td rowspan="2"> For the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum; the magnetic moment of the electron | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Polykarp Kusch]] <td>USA | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Polykarp Kusch]] <td>USA | ||
<tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="3"> 1956 <td> [[William B. Shockley]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="3"> 1956 <td> [[William B. Shockley]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="3"> For | <td rowspan="3"> For semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect | ||
<tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[John Bardeen]] <td>USA | <tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[John Bardeen]] <td>USA | ||
<tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[Walter H. Brattain]] <td>USA | <tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[Walter H. Brattain]] <td>USA | ||
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<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1957 <td> [[Chen Ning Yang]] <td>China | <td rowspan="2"> 1957 <td> [[Chen Ning Yang]] <td>China | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For | <td rowspan="2"> For parity laws in elementary particle physics | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Tsung-Dao Lee]] <td>China | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Tsung-Dao Lee]] <td>China | ||
<tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="3"> 1958 <td> [[Pavel A. Cherenkov]] <td>USSR | <td rowspan="3"> 1958 <td> [[Pavel A. Cherenkov]] <td>USSR | ||
<td rowspan="3"> For the | <td rowspan="3"> For discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect | ||
<tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[Il'ja M. Frank]] <td>USSR | <tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[Il'ja M. Frank]] <td>USSR | ||
<tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[Igor Y. Tamm]] <td>USSR | <tr rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td> [[Igor Y. Tamm]] <td>USSR | ||
| Line 256: | Line 256: | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
<td rowspan="2"> 1959 <td> [[Emilio Segrè]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="2"> 1959 <td> [[Emilio Segrè]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="2"> For | <td rowspan="2"> For their discovery of the antiproton | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Owen Chamberlain]] <td>USA | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <td> [[Owen Chamberlain]] <td>USA | ||
<tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | <tr rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cccccc"> | ||
<td rowspan="1"> 1960 <td> [[Donald A. Glaser]] <td>USA | <td rowspan="1"> 1960 <td> [[Donald A. Glaser]] <td>USA | ||
<td rowspan="1"> For the | <td rowspan="1"> For the invention of the bubble chamber | ||
<tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | <tr rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> | ||
Revision as of 08:43, 10 December 2009
| 1901 | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen | Germany | For the discovery of X-rays |
| 1902 | Hendrik A. Lorentz | Netherlands | For the discovery of influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena |
| Pieter Zeeman | Netherlands | ||
| 1903 | Henri Becquerel | France | For researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel |
| Pierre Curie | France | ||
| Marie Curie | France | ||
| 1904 | Lord Rayleigh | UK | For investigations of the densities of gases and for discovery of argon |
| 1905 | Philipp Lenard | Germany | For for his work on cathode rays |
| 1906 | J.J. Thomson | UK | For work on the conduction of electricity by gases |
| 1907 | Albert A. Michelson | USA | For optical precision instruments and spectroscopic and metrological investigations |
| 1908 | Gabriel Lippmann | France | For method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference |
| 1909 | Guglielmo Marconi | Italy | For he development of wireless telegraphy |
| Ferdinand Braun | Germany | ||
| 1910 | Johannes Diderik van der Waals | Netherlands | For work on the equation of state for gases and liquids |
| 1911 | Wilhelm Wien | Germany | For discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat |
| 1912 | Gustaf Dalén | Sweden | For automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys |
| 1913 | Heike Kamerlingh Onnes | Netherlands | For investigations of matter at low temperatures which led to the production of liquid helium |
| 1914 | Max von Laue | Germany | For discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals |
| 1915 | William Bragg | UK | For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays |
| Lawrence Bragg | UK | ||
| 1916 | No award | – | |
| 1917 | Charles Glover Barkla | UK | For discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements |
| 1918 | Max Planck | Germany | For the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta |
| 1919 | Johannes Stark | Germany | For discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields |
| 1920 | Charles Edouard Guillaume | Switzerland | For precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys |
| 1921 | Albert Einstein | Germ.+Switz. | For services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect |
| 1922 | Niels Bohr | Denmark | For investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them |
| 1923 | Robert A. Millikan | USA | For work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect |
| 1924 | Manne Siegbahn | Sweden | For discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy |
| 1925 | James Franck | Germany | For discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom |
| Gustav Hertz | Germany | ||
| 1926 | Jean Baptiste Perrin | France | For work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for discovery of sedimentation equilibrium |
| 1927 | Arthur H. Compton | USA | For discovery of Compton scattering; for paths of charged particles made visible by condensation of vapour |
| Charles T.R. Wilson | UK | ||
| 1928 | Owen Willans Richardson | UK | For work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of Richardson's law |
| 1929 | Louis de Broglie | France | For his discovery of the wave nature of electrons |
| 1930 | Sir Venkata Raman | India | For his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect |
| 1931 | No award | – | |
| 1932 | Werner Heisenberg | Germany | For the creation of quantum mechanics |
| 1933 | Erwin Schrödinger | Austria | For the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory |
| Paul A.M. Dirac | UK | ||
| 1934 | No award | – | |
| 1935 | James Chadwick | UK | For the discovery of the neutron |
| 1936 | Victor F. Hess | Austria | For for discovery of cosmic radiation; for discovery of the positron |
| Carl D. Anderson | USA | ||
| 1937 | Clinton Davisson | USA | For experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals |
| George Paget Thomson | UK | ||
| 1938 | Enrico Fermi | Italy | For new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and nuclear reactions |
| 1939 | Ernest Lawrence | USA | For the cyclotron and artificial radioactive elements |
| 1940 | No award | – | |
| 1941 | No award | – | |
| 1942 | No award | – | |
| 1943 | Otto Stern | USA | For molecular ray method and discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton |
| 1944 | Isidor Isaac Rabi | USA | For resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei |
| 1945 | Wolfgang Pauli | Austria | For the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle |
| 1946 | Percy W. Bridgman | USA | For apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and discoveries in the field of high pressure physics |
| 1947 | Edward V. Appleton | UK | For physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the Appleton layer |
| 1948 | Patrick M.S. Blackett | UK | For development of the Wilson cloud chamber and discoveries in nuclear physics and cosmic radiation |
| 1949 | Hideki Yukawa | Japan | For prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces |
| 1950 | Cecil Powell | UK | For development of photographic method of studying nuclear processes and discoveries regarding mesons |
| 1951 | John Cockcroft | UK | For their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles |
| Ernest T.S. Walton | Ireland | ||
| 1952 | Felix Bloch | USA | For development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements |
| E. M. Purcell | USA | ||
| 1953 | Frits Zernike | Netherlands | For phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope |
| 1954 | Max Born | UK | For research in quantum mechanics, for statistical interpretation of wavefunction; for the coincidence method |
| Walther Bothe | Germany | ||
| 1955 | Willis E. Lamb | USA | For the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum; the magnetic moment of the electron |
| Polykarp Kusch | USA | ||
| 1956 | William B. Shockley | USA | For semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect |
| John Bardeen | USA | ||
| Walter H. Brattain | USA | ||
| 1957 | Chen Ning Yang | China | For parity laws in elementary particle physics |
| Tsung-Dao Lee | China | ||
| 1958 | Pavel A. Cherenkov | USSR | For discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect |
| Il'ja M. Frank | USSR | ||
| Igor Y. Tamm | USSR | ||
| 1959 | Emilio Segrè | USA | For their discovery of the antiproton |
| Owen Chamberlain | USA | ||
| 1960 | Donald A. Glaser | USA | For the invention of the bubble chamber |
| 1961 | Robert Hofstadter | USA | For the discovery of 1961 |
| Rudolf Mössbauer | Germany | ||
| 1962 | Lev Landau | USSR | For the discovery of 1962 |
| 1963 | Eugene Wigner | USA | For the discovery of 1963 |
| Maria Goeppert-Mayer | USA | ||
| J. Hans D. Jensen | Germany | ||
| 1964 | Charles H. Townes | USA | For the discovery of 1964 |
| Nicolay G. Basov | USSR | ||
| Aleksandr M. Prokhorov | USSR | ||
| 1965 | Sin-Itiro Tomonaga | Japan | For the discovery of 1965 |
| Julian Schwinger | USA | ||
| Richard P. Feynman | USA | ||
| 1966 | Alfred Kastler | France | For the discovery of 1966 |
| 1967 | Hans Bethe | USA | For the discovery of 1967 |
| 1968 | Luis Alvarez | USA | For the discovery of 1968 |
| 1969 | Murray Gell-Mann | USA | For the discovery of 1969 |
| 1970 | Hannes Alfvén | Sweden | For the discovery of 1970 |
| Louis Néel | France | ||
| 1971 | Dennis Gabor | UK | For the discovery of 1971 |
| 1972 | John Bardeen | USA | For the discovery of 1972 |
| Leon N. Cooper | USA | ||
| Robert Schrieffer | USA | ||
| 1973 | Leo Esaki | Japan | For the discovery of 1973 |
| Ivar Giaever | USA | ||
| Brian D. Josephson | UK | ||
| 1974 | Martin Ryle | UK | For the discovery of 1974 |
| Antony Hewish | UK | ||
| 1975 | Aage N. Bohr | Denmark | For the discovery of 1975 |
| Ben R. Mottelson | Denmark | ||
| James Rainwater | USA | ||
| 1976 | Burton Richter | USA | For the discovery of 1976 |
| Samuel C.C. Ting | USA | ||
| 1977 | Philip W. Anderson | USA | For the discovery of 1977 |
| Sir Nevill F. Mott | UK | ||
| John H. van Vleck | USA | ||
| 1978 | Pyotr Kapitsa | USSR | For the discovery of 1978 |
| Arno Penzias | USA | ||
| Robert Woodrow Wilson | USA | ||
| 1979 | Sheldon Glashow | USA | For the discovery of 1979 |
| Abdus Salam | Pakistan | ||
| Steven Weinberg | USA | ||
| 1980 | James Cronin | USA | For the discovery of 1980 |
| Val Fitch | USA | ||
| 1981 | Nicolaas Bloembergen | USA | For the discovery of 1981 |
| Arthur L. Schawlow | USA | ||
| Kai M. Siegbahn | Sweden | ||
| 1982 | Kenneth G. Wilson | USA | For the discovery of 1982 |
| 1983 | Subramanyan Chandrasekhar | USA | For the discovery of 1983 |
| William A. Fowler | USA | ||
| 1984 | Carlo Rubbia | Italy | For the discovery of 1984 |
| Simon van der Meer | Netherlands | ||
| 1985 | Klaus von Klitzing | Germany | For the discovery of 1985 |
| 1986 | Ernst Ruska | Germany | For the discovery of 1986 |
| Gerd Binnig | Germany | ||
| Heinrich Rohrer | Switzerland | ||
| 1987 | J. Georg Bednorz | Germany | For the discovery of 1987 |
| K. Alex Müller | Switzerland | ||
| 1988 | Leon M. Lederman | USA | For the discovery of 1988 |
| Melvin Schwartz | USA | ||
| Jack Steinberger | USA | ||
| 1989 | Norman F. Ramsey | USA | For the discovery of 1989 |
| Hans G. Dehmelt | USA | ||
| Wolfgang Paul | Germany | ||
| 1990 | Jerome I. Friedman | USA | For the discovery of 1990 |
| Henry W. Kendall | USA | ||
| Richard E. Taylor | Canada | ||
| 1991 | Pierre-Gilles de Gennes | France | For the discovery of 1991 |
| 1992 | Georges Charpak | France | For the discovery of 1992 |
| 1993 | Russell A. Hulse | USA | For the discovery of 1993 |
| Joseph H. Taylor Jr. | USA | ||
| 1994 | Bertram N. Brockhouse | Canada | For the discovery of 1994 |
| Clifford G. Shull | USA | ||
| 1995 | Martin L. Perl | USA | For the discovery of 1995 |
| Frederick Reines | USA | ||
| 1996 | David M. Lee | USA | For the discovery of 1996 |
| Douglas D. Osheroff | USA | ||
| Robert C. Richardson | USA | ||
| 1997 | Steven Chu | USA | For the discovery of 1997 |
| Claude Cohen-Tannoudji | France | ||
| William D. Phillips | USA | ||
| 1998 | Robert B. Laughlin | USA | For the discovery of 1998 |
| Horst L. Störmer | Germany | ||
| Daniel C. Tsui | USA | ||
| 1999 | Gerardus 't Hooft | Netherlands | For the discovery of 1999 |
| Martinus J.G. Veltman | Netherlands | ||
| 2000 | Zhores I. Alferov | Russia | For the discovery of 2000 |
| Herbert Kroemer | Germany | ||
| Jack S. Kilby | USA | ||
| 2001 | Eric A. Cornell | USA | For the discovery of 2001 |
| Wolfgang Ketterle | Germany | ||
| Carl E. Wieman | USA | ||
| 2002 | Raymond Davis Jr. | USA | For the discovery of 2002 |
| Masatoshi Koshiba | Japan | ||
| Riccardo Giacconi | USA | ||
| 2003 | Alexei A. Abrikosov | USA+Russia | For the discovery of 2003 |
| Vitaly L. Ginzburg | Russia | ||
| Anthony J. Leggett | UK+USA | ||
| 2004 | David J. Gross | USA | For the discovery of 2004 |
| H. David Politzer | USA | ||
| Frank Wilczek | USA | ||
| 2005 | Roy J. Glauber | USA | For the discovery of 2005 |
| John L. Hall | USA | ||
| Theodor W. Hänsch | Germany | ||
| 2006 | John C. Mather | USA | For the discovery of 2006 |
| George F. Smoot | USA | ||
| 2007 | Albert Fert | France | For the discovery of 2007 |
| Peter Grünberg | Germany | ||
| 2008 | Yoichiro Nambu | Japan | For the discovery of 2008 |
| Makoto Kobayashi | Japan | ||
| Toshihide Maskawa | Japan | ||
| 2009 | Charles K. Kao | China+UK | For the discovery of 2009 |
| Willard S. Boyle | USA | ||
| George E. Smith | USA |