User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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|+ Classification of Coals by Rank<ref name=Perry/><ref name=Marks/><ref name=Kreith/><sup> (a)</sup> | |||
!rowspan="2"|<br><br><br><br><br>Class or<br>Rank||rowspan=2|<br><br><br><br><br><br>Group||colspan="2"|<br>Fixed Carbon<sup> (b)</sup><br>(wt % dry mmf) ||colspan="2"|<br>Volatile Matter<sup> (b)</sup><br>(wt % dry mmf)||colspan="2"|Gross<br>Heating Value<sup> (c)</sup><br>(M[[Joule|J]]/[[Kilogram|kg]] moist mmf) | |||
|- align="center" | |||
!Equal or<br>greater<br>than ||<br><br>Less than||<br>Greater<br>than ||<br>Equal or<br>less than ||Equal or<br>greater<br>than ||<br><br>Less than | |||
|- | |||
|Anthracitic<br><br><br>||Metaanthracite<sup> (d)</sup><br>Anthracite<sup> (d)</sup><br>Semianthracite<sup> (d)</sup>|| align="center"|98<br>92<br>86||align="center"|<br>98<br>92||align="center"|<br>2<br>8||align="center"|2<br>8<br>14|| || | |||
|- | |||
|Bituminous<br><br><br><br><br><br>||Low-volatile bituminous<sup> (d)</sup><br>Medium-volatile bituminous<sup> (d)</sup><br>High-volatile A bituminous<br>High-volatile B bituminous<br>High-volatile C bituminous<sup> (e)</sup><br>High-volatile C bituminous<sup> (f)</sup>||align="center" |78<br>69<br><br><br><br><br> ||align="center"|86<br>78<br>69<br><br><br><br>||align="center"|14<br>22<br>31<br><br><br><br>||align="center"|22<br>31<br><br><br><br><br>||align="center"|<br><br>32.55<br>30.23<br>26.74<br>24.41||align="center"| | |||
<br><br><br>32.55<br>30.23<br>26.74 | |||
|- | |||
|Subbituminous<br><br><br>||Subbituminous A<br>Subbituminous B<br>Subbituminous C|| || || || ||align="center"|24.41<br>22.09<br>19.30||align="center" |26.74<br>24.41<br>22.09 | |||
|- | |||
|Lignite<br><br>||Lignite A<br>Lignite B|| || || || ||align="center"|14.65<br><br>||align="center"|19.30<br>14.65 | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="8"|(a) This classification does not include a few coals (referred to as unbanded coals) having unusual physical and chemical<br>properties falling within the fixed carbon and heating value ranges of the high-volatile bituminous and subbituminous ranks.<br> | |||
(b) Percentage by weight on a dry and mineral matter free basis (mmf).<br> | |||
(c) [[Gross Heating Value]] on a moist and mineral matter free basis. Moist refers to the natural inherent water contained in<br>a coal but does not include visible water (if any) on the surface of the coal. Multiply MJ/kg by 430.11 to convert to [[U.S. customary units|Btu]]/[[U.S. customary units|lb]].<br> | |||
(d) Coals containing 69 wt % or more fixed carbon on a dry mmf basis are ranked according to their fixed carbon content<br>regardless of their Gross Heating Value.<br> | |||
(e) A high-volatile C bituminous coal that may be agglomerating or non-agglomerating.<ref name=Perry's><ref name=Glossary>{{cite book|authors=Klaus K.E. Neuendorf, James P. Mehl and Julia A. Jackson|title=Glossary of Geology|edition=5th Edition|publisher=American Geological Institute|year=2005|id=ISBN 0-922152-76-4}}</ref><br> | |||
(f) A high-volatile C bituminous coal that is an agglomerating coal, which means that it tends to become sticky and to ''cake''<br> when heated. The agglomerating character of a coal is determined by heating a sample to 950 °C under certain conditions.<br>If the residue is coherent and supports a weight of 500g without pulverizing, the coal is classified as being agglomerating. | |||
|} | |||
{| class = "wikitable" align="center" | {| class = "wikitable" align="center" | ||
|+ Examples of Proximate and Ultimate Analyses <ref>{{cite book|author=Chris Higman and Maarten van der Burgt|title=Coal Gasification|edition=2nd Edition|publisher=Gulf Professional Publishers|year=2008|id=ISBN 0-7506-8528-X}}</ref> | |+ Examples of Proximate and Ultimate Analyses <ref>{{cite book|author=Chris Higman and Maarten van der Burgt|title=Coal Gasification|edition=2nd Edition|publisher=Gulf Professional Publishers|year=2008|id=ISBN 0-7506-8528-X}}</ref> |
Revision as of 21:42, 30 April 2009
Class or Rank |
Group |
Fixed Carbon (b) (wt % dry mmf) |
Volatile Matter (b) (wt % dry mmf) |
Gross Heating Value (c) (MJ/kg moist mmf) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equal or greater than |
Less than |
Greater than |
Equal or less than |
Equal or greater than |
Less than | ||
Anthracitic |
Metaanthracite (d) Anthracite (d) Semianthracite (d) |
98 92 86 |
98 92 |
2 8 |
2 8 14 |
||
Bituminous |
Low-volatile bituminous (d) Medium-volatile bituminous (d) High-volatile A bituminous High-volatile B bituminous High-volatile C bituminous (e) High-volatile C bituminous (f) |
78 69 |
86 78 69 |
14 22 31 |
22 31 |
32.55 30.23 26.74 24.41 |
|
Subbituminous |
Subbituminous A Subbituminous B Subbituminous C |
24.41 22.09 19.30 |
26.74 24.41 22.09 | ||||
Lignite |
Lignite A Lignite B |
14.65 |
19.30 14.65 | ||||
(a) This classification does not include a few coals (referred to as unbanded coals) having unusual physical and chemical properties falling within the fixed carbon and heating value ranges of the high-volatile bituminous and subbituminous ranks. (b) Percentage by weight on a dry and mineral matter free basis (mmf). |
Coal Rank |
Proximate Analysis (wt % ar) |
Ultimate Analysis (wt % maf) |
Net Heating Value (maf) (MJ/kg) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed carbon |
Volatile matter |
Moisture |
Ash |
C |
H |
O |
N |
S | |||
Anthracite | 81.8 | 7.7 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 91.8 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 36.2 | |
Bituminous | 54.9 | 35.6 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 82.8 | 5.1 | 10.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 36.1 | |
Subbituminous | 43.6 | 34.7 | 110.5 | 11.2 | 76.4 | 5.6 | 14.9 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 31.8 | |
Lignite | 27.8 | 24.9 | 36.9 | 10.4 | 71.0 | 4.3 | 23.2 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 26.7 | |
Notes: • wt % = percent by weight ar = as received maf = moisture and ash free |
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Chris Higman and Maarten van der Burgt (2008). Coal Gasification, 2nd Edition. Gulf Professional Publishers. ISBN 0-7506-8528-X.