Scientific method/External Links

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• The Keystones of Science project, sponsored by the journal Science Science has selected a number of scientific articles from that journal and annotated them, illustrating how different parts embody the scientific method. Here is an annotated example of the scientific method example
• An Introduction to Science: Scientific Thinking and a scientific method by Steven D. Schafersman.
• Introduction to a scientific method
• Analysis and Synthesis: On Scientific Method based on a study by Bernhard Riemann From the Swedish Morphological Society
• Using the scientific method for designing science fair projects from Science Made Simple
• Scientific Revolution from the Internet History Sourcebooks Project
• Carnap R (1950) Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology Revue Internationale de Philosophie 4:20-40.
• Achinstein P (editor) (2004) Science Rules: A Historical Introduction to Scientific Methods The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. ISBN

0-8018-7944-2

• From the publisher's description: "Bringing together key primary sources spanning almost four centuries, Science Rules introduces readers to scientific methods that have played a prominent role in the history of scientific practice. Editor Peter Achinstein includes works by scientists and philosophers of science to offer a new perspective on the nature of scientific reasoning. For each of the methods discussed, he presents the original formulation of the method; selections written by a proponent of the method together with an application to a particular scientific example; and a critical analysis of the method that draws on historical and contemporary sources. The methods included in this volume are Cartesian rationalism with an application to Descartes' laws of motion; Newton's inductivism and the law of gravity; two versions of hypothetico-deductivism—those of William Whewell and Karl Popper—and the nineteenth-century wave theory of light; Paul Feyerabend's principle of proliferation and Thomas Kuhn's views on scientific values, both of which deny that there are universal rules of method, with an application to Galileo's tower argument. Included also is a famous nineteenth-century debate about scientific reasoning between the hypothetico-deductivist William Whewell and the inductivist John Stuart Mill; and an account of the realism-antirealism dispute about unobservables in science, with a consideration of Perrin's argument for the existence of molecules in the early twentieth century."

• Evolutionary psychologist Irene Pepperberg at Edge.org about Hypothesis Testing

Argues that the appropriateness of hypothesis testing for a particular research subject depends on prior knowledge about this very subject and has to be complemented in sensible ways with what some call (derogatorily) "fishing expeditions" or, more neutrally, data-driven research.