English phonemes: Difference between revisions
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American English uses a long version of '''á''' instead of BrE '''à''' except in '''fàther Coloràdo Chicàgo pajàmas''' (BrE '''pyjàmas''') '''càlm quàlm bàlm àlms''' or when an '''r''' follows. | American English uses a long version of '''á''' instead of BrE '''à''' except in '''fàther Coloràdo Chicàgo pajàmas''' (BrE '''pyjàmas''') '''càlm quàlm bàlm àlms''' or when an '''r''' follows. | ||
===[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] /ɑ/ à àr àl=== | ===[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] /ɑ/ à àr àl ó=== | ||
Words pronounced with '''à''' in both British and American English are: | Words pronounced with '''à''' in both British and American English are: | ||
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'''āl''': with silent '''l''': '''hālf cālf hālve | '''āl''': with silent '''l''': '''hālf cālf hālve | ||
'''ó''' in AmE is pronounced '''à''': '''hót nót was what gotten | |||
===[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] /ɒ/ ó a=== | ===[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] /ɒ/ ó a=== | ||
Revision as of 18:44, 10 November 2007
The sounds and their spellings
The áccents on bold example words indicate stressed vowels and their pronunciation. An equals sign shows homophones, with words in italics suggesting meaning: sêen saw = scêne scenic, drama, crime. The bullet (●) represents any consonant. AmE = American English, BrE = British English.
Vowels and diphthongs
IPA /i:/ ê êa êe ê●e êi ìê aê oê ì ỳ êỳ êo
ê: bê mê récipê catástrophê Penélopê Lêthê hypërbolê mêthane sêrum dêvious mêdia rêtail dêmon Êly mêtre BrE distance, poem
êa: sêa water lêave hêat sêat bêat hit nêat êasy mêal drêam têam hêath
êe: sêe vision frêe trêe fêel whêel grêed fêed spêed bêet sugar êel rêel
ê●e: Pêter scêne êven fêver mêter all AmE, BrE machine only complête compête
êi: after c: percêive recêive recêipt (-êit) concêit concêive cêiling; after w: wêird wêir (but: wìêld); sêize Shêila Nêil Nêill O´Nêill
ìê: before v: belìêve relìêve grìêve
aê: stressed, from Greek (BrE): Aêschylus encyclopaêdia; unstressed in Latin plurals: nébulae nôvae fŏrmulae
oê: BrE (AmE has ê alone) from Greek: Oêdipus amoêba foêtus oêstrogen oenólogy subpoêna
ì: from French: machìne Christìne magazìne nìche elìte
ỳ: normally unstressed: fúnny sílly crâzy lâzy êasy wítty dextérity Yvétte Yvónne; stressed: Lỳón Lỳse Mervỳna
êỳ: unstressed: nôsey pôsey láckey jóckey balôney álley Hàrvey
êo: pêople
IPA /ɪ/ í ý u o e ’ eí íe
í: sít fít sítter fítter fítting bít líd híd bíd stíll bíll Wílliam Bíll fíll línt tínt wríst pín tílt míddle ínch fíg bíg
ý: týpical sýnthesis sýnagogue sýmptom cýst mýstic mýth trýst Dýlan
u: business busy
o: women
e: unstressed: Jôneses Bíggses Báxes táxes cópses fléxes
’: unstressed: Jônes’s Bíggs’s Báx’s
eí: unstressed -feít: còunterfeít fŏrfeít sürfeít
íe: unstressed: pàrtíes fámilíes lórríes cárríes cárríed márríed pólicíes
IPA /e/ é éa ai u
é: béd Néd wét sét pén hén méss dréss pép séven eléven Dévon Édward Téd bred breed clèver éver évery néver tén ténth dén crést
éa: déath bréath bréast déad héad bréad food héaven thréat thréaten
ai: said
u: bury
IPA /æ/ á
fát cát sát mát Ánthony ánt bág dágger fán pán áttic spásm cáttle brásh ásh
redundant i in: pláit
redundant e in Gáelic Scotland (= Gállic France); cf. Gâelic Ireland
This sound is never final.
American English uses a long version of á instead of BrE à except in fàther Coloràdo Chicàgo pajàmas (BrE pyjàmas) càlm quàlm bàlm àlms or when an r follows.
IPA /ɑ/ à àr àl ó
Words pronounced with à in both British and American English are:
à: fàther Chicàgo Coloràdo AmE pajàmas BrE pyjàmas
al: (silent l) càlm bàlm quàlm àlms
and whenever an r (always heard in AmE, silent final or before a consonant in BrE) follows:
àr: màr bàr càr vàrnish pàrk màrvel stàr scàr bizàrre hàrm àrm fàr càrt fàrmer scàr pàrt màrk stàrch pàrch màrch hàrd gàrden làrge
The following are pronounced à in BrE, a long á in AmE:
ā: Irān Irāq cān’t grānt āfter crāft lāugh grāph āunt dānce
before s: pāst fāst cāstle māster clāss ghāstly nāsty grāss lāst plāster cāst pāss tāsk blāst āsk
before th: rāther pāth bāth rāther lāther
āl: with silent l: hālf cālf hālve
ó in AmE is pronounced à: hót nót was what gotten
IPA /ɒ/ ó a
BrE only: AmE replaces this sound with à.
ó: hót gót spót bóther dóg dóll nót stóp lóst óften slób slóppy cróss nód ódd shóne óff tóffee
ough as -óff: cóugh tróugh
a:
after ẁ: ẁant ẁas ẁash ẁasp ẁarren ẁander ẁarrant
after ẁh: ẁhat
after sẁ: sẁap sẁan sẁab sẁamp
after qù: qùantity qùantum qùad qùash sqùash sqùad sqùabble