Talk:Microorganism

The gap from Leeuwenhoek to Pasteur is a very long one. When L is mentioned, Would it be better to talk about why L. did do than what he did not.?DavidGoodman 21:02, 24 November 2006 (CST)

The statments that visible /invisible have exceptions occurs at least 5 times, 1 in each section.

The section on eukaryotic microorganisms neeeds to specifiy just what is included--a good trick--(my first research exerience was in protozoology, as it was then called). As you undoubtedly intend to include fungi, you'll have to explain that they are not plants. We should probably do a fngii article fairly early on. I'll start one from WP.DavidGoodman 20:51, 25 November 2006 (CST)

Complete rewrite

I think this article starts badly and is boring bland. I propose to start from scratch and De WP edia it. This will take time. I will do it so that access to the current one is preserved. An I am giving fair notice, in case there is disagreement. Im the only one to edit it here anyway. David Tribe 07:29, 17 March 2007 (CDT)

NEW DRAFT OF ARTICLE

Filaments of joined cells the cyanbacterium Anabaena magnified about 4,000 times. In this prokayotic organism there are two types of cell. The occcasional cells that have a distinct appearance are 'heterocysts', specialized to fix nitrogen gas. Cooperation among Microorganisms Ned S. Wingreen, Simon A. Levin PLoS Biol 4(9): e299. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040299 2006

Microorganism is the scientific word for germs. Germs are almost everywhere humans can venture, and in many places on the planet where we cannot ever go, but they are an invisible presence.

Many people automatically assume germs are bad, because they cause infectious disease, but most germs (or microbes, as they are also called) are no pathogenic, and both the working of the living world and biological cycling of matter on earth, and human survival on intimately dependant on the diverse chemical activies of microbes.

Another reason microbes are important is that all other life descended from them. Current scientic investingation of microbes are revealing clues about the ealiest stages in evolution of life on earcth which occured some 4 billion years ago. Microbes are also important for techning us about genetics, because the ease with whicl large numbers of them can be grwn has enable biologist to work out the itricate operation in inheritance in living cells, and led to dicovery of DNA as the chemical through which trats are pased from generation to generation.

Investingation of microbes and their genetic behavour led to a great flowering of the bilogical scoences last century, statartin in the mid-1940.

Some unicellular protists and unusually large bacteria (Epulopiscium fishelsoni and Thiomargarita namibiensis) are visible to the naked eye

The study of micro-organisms is called microbiology.

History

Discovery

Before Anton van Leeuwenhoek's invention of the microscope and discovery of microorganisms with it in 1676, Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur, ended the long-held belief that life could spontaneously appear from non-living substances.

Spallanzani found that microorganisms Pasteur ensured that there were no microorganisms alive in the broths at the start of his experiment. Nothing grew in the broths during his experiments, showing that the living organisms that grew in such broths came from outside, as spores on dust, rather than spontaneously generated within the broth. Thus, Pasteur decisively refuted the theory of spontaneous generation and supported germ theory.

In 1876, Robert Koch showed that microbes can cause disease, by showing that the blood of cattle that were infected with anthrax always contained large numbers of Bacillus anthracis.Koch's postulates. Though these postulates are no longer strictly accurate, they remain historically important in the development of scientific thought.

A phylogenetic tree of life based on differences in rRNA, showing the separation of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.

Classification

Bacteria

Escherichia coli magnified approx. 14,000 fold by transmission electron microscopy. The filamentous structures are flagella. CDC/Elizabeth H. White, M.S PLoS Biol. 2006 January; 4(1): e13. Published online 2005 December 20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040013

References

Further reading

• Dixon, Bernard (1994). Power Unseen: How Microbes Rule the World, 1st ed.. W. H. Freeman, Oxford and New York. ISBN 0-7167-4504-6. 
• Krasner, Robert I. (2002). The Microbial Challenge: Human-Microbe Interactions, 1st.. ASM Press, Washington, DC. ISBN 0-13-144329-4. 
• Knoll, Andrew H. (2003). Life on a Young Planet: the First Three Billion Years of Evolution on Earth, 1st ed.. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00978-3. 
• Postgate, John (1992). Microbes and Man, 3rd ed.. Cambridge University Press, UK. ISBN 0-521-42355-4. 

External links

• The largest bacteria
• Tree of Life
• Videos of bacteria swimming and tumbling, use of optical tweezers and other fine videos.
• More movies of growing bacteria
• Planet of the Bacteria by Stephen Jay Gould
• Major Groups of Prokaryotes

• Microbe News from Genome News Network
• BBC News, 28 September, 2001: The microbes that 'rule the world' Citat: "... The Earth's climate may be dependent upon microbes that eat rock beneath the sea floor, according to new research....The number of the worm-like tracks in the rocks diminishes with depth; at 300 metres (985 feet) below the sea floor, they become much rarer..."
• BBCNews: 16 January, 2002, Tough bugs point to life on Mars Citat: "...This research demonstrates that certain microbes can thrive in the absence of sunlight by using hydrogen gas..."
• BBCNews: 17 January, 2002, Alien life could be like Antarctic bugs
• Microbiology