Mission San Miguel Arcángel: Difference between revisions

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:''Another mission bearing the name '''San Miguel Arcángel''' is the [[Misión San Miguel Arcángel de la Frontera]] in [[Baja California]].''
'''Mission San Miguel Arcángel''' was founded on July 25, 1797 by the [[Franciscan]] order, on a site chosen specifically due to the large number of [[Salinan]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]] that inhabited the area.


{| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 0.5em"
{| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 0.5em"
|align="center" colspan="2"|[[Image:San Miguel Arcangel circa 1910 William Amos Haines.jpg|350px]] <small>The "Mission on the Highway" ''circa'' 1910.''
|align="center" colspan="2"|'''This article is part of a series on the<br />[[Spanish missions in California]]'''<br />[[Image:Deakin SMA circa 1899.jpg|350px]]<br />'''Mission San Miguel Arcángel, ''circa'' 1899'''<ref>{{Deakin SMA circa 1899.jpg/credit}}</ref>
|-
|-
!colspan="2" style="color: black; height: 30px; background: #C96;"| HISTORY  
!colspan="2" style="color: white; height: 30px; background: #630;"| HISTORY  
|-
|-
|<small>'''Location:'''
|<small>'''Location:'''
|San Miguel, California
|[[San Miguel, California]]
|-
|<small>'''Coordinates:'''
|<small>35° 44′ 41″ N, 120° 41′ 53″ W
|-
|-
|<small>'''Name as Founded:'''
|<small>'''Name as Founded:'''
Line 19: Line 18:
|The Mission of the Glorious Prince, Archangel Saint Michael
|The Mission of the Glorious Prince, Archangel Saint Michael
|-
|-
|<small>'''Namesake:'''
|<small>'''Patron Saint:'''
|[[Michael (archangel)|Archangel Saint Michael]]&nbsp;<ref name="krell254">Krell, p. 254</ref>
|[[Michael (archangel)|Archangel Saint Michael]]&nbsp;<ref name="krell254">Krell, p. 254</ref>
|-
|-
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|[[Salinan]]
|[[Salinan]]
|-
|-
|<small>'''Native Place Name(s):'''
|<small>'''Primordial Place Name(s):'''
|''Valica''&nbsp;<ref>Ruscin, p. 195</ref>
|''Valica''&nbsp;<ref>Ruscin, p. 195</ref>
|-
|-
!colspan="2" style="color: black; height: 30px; background: #C96;"| SPIRITUAL RESULTS
!colspan="2" style="color: white; height: 30px; background: #630;"| SPIRITUAL RESULTS
|-
|-
|<small>'''Baptisms:'''
|<small>'''Baptisms:'''
Line 57: Line 56:
|1,868 <ref name="krell315">Krell, p. 315: as of December 31, 1832; information adapted from Engelhardt's ''Missions and Missionaries of California''.</ref>
|1,868 <ref name="krell315">Krell, p. 315: as of December 31, 1832; information adapted from Engelhardt's ''Missions and Missionaries of California''.</ref>
|-
|-
!colspan="2" style="color: black; height: 30px; background: #C96;"| DISPOSITION
|<small>'''Year of Neophyte Population Peak:'''
|1814 <ref name="krell315a">Krell, p. 315: Information adapted from Engelhardt's ''Missions and Missionaries of California''.</ref><ref name="engelhardt175-176a">Engelhardt 1920, pp. 300-301</ref>
|-
|<small>'''Neophyte Population:'''
|658 <ref name="krell315a">Krell, p. 315: Information adapted from Engelhardt's ''Missions and Missionaries of California''.</ref><ref name="engelhardt175-176a">Engelhardt 1920, pp. 300-301</ref>
|-
|<small>'''Neophyte Population in 1832:'''
|1,076 <ref name="krell315a">Krell, p. 315: Information adapted from Engelhardt's ''Missions and Missionaries of California''.</ref><ref name="engelhardt175-176a">Engelhardt 1920, pp. 300-301</ref>
|-
!colspan="2" style="color: white; height: 30px; background: #630;"| DISPOSITION
|-
|-
|<small>'''Secularized:'''
|<small>'''Secularized:'''
Line 65: Line 73:
|1859 <ref name="krell254">Krell, p. 254</ref>
|1859 <ref name="krell254">Krell, p. 254</ref>
|-
|-
|<small>'''Governing Body:'''
|<small>'''Caretaker:'''
|Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey
|Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey
|-
|-
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|Parish Church (under repair)
|Parish Church (under repair)
|-
|-
|<small>'''Coordinates:'''
|<small>'''Current Land Area:'''
|35°44′41″N, 120°41′53″W
|0.4 acres
|-
|-
|<small>'''National Historic Landmark:'''
|<small>'''National Historic Landmark:'''
Line 78: Line 86:
|-
|-
|<small>'''Date added to the NRHP:'''
|<small>'''Date added to the NRHP:'''
|1971
|July 14, 1971
|-
|-
|<small>'''California Historical Landmark:'''
|<small>'''California Historical Landmark:'''
Line 87: Line 95:
|}
|}


==Precontact==
'''Mission San Miguel Arcángel''' is a former religious outpost established by [[Spain|Spanish]] colonists on the west coast of [[North America]] in the present-day State of [[California (U.S. state)]]. Founded on July 25, 1797 by Roman Catholics of the Franciscan Order, the settlement was the sixteenth in the twenty-one mission [[Alta California]] chain. Named after Saint Michael the Archangel, the site was chosen specifically due to its proximity to the large number of Salinan Indians that inhabited the area. Designated as a historic landmark at both the state and national levels, today the Mission serves as a parish church within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey.
The current prevailing theory postulates that [[Paleo-Indians]] entered the Americas from [[Asia]] via a land bridge called "[[Beringia]]" that connected eastern [[Siberia]] with present-day [[Alaska]] (when sea levels were significantly lower, due to widespread glaciation) between about 15,000 to 35,000 years ago. The remains of [[Arlington Springs Man]] on [[Santa Rosa Island, California|Santa Rosa Island]] are among the traces of a very early habitation in California, dated to the last [[ice age]] ([[Wisconsin glaciation]]) about 13,000 years ago. The first humans are therefore thought to have made their homes among the southern valleys of California's coastal mountain ranges some 10,000 to 12,000 years ago; the earliest of these people are known only from archaeological evidence.<ref>Paddison, p. 333: The first undisputable archaeological evidence of human presence in California dates back to ''circa'' 8,000 [[BCE]].</ref> The cultural impacts resulting from climactic changes and other natural events during this broad expanse of time were negligible; conversely, European contact was a momentous event, which profoundly affected California's native peoples.<ref>Jones and Klar 2005, p. 53: "''Understanding how and when humans first settled California is intimately linked to the initial colonization of the Americas''."</ref>
 
Another mission bearing the name ''San Miguel Arcángel'' is ''[[Misión San Miguel Arcángel de la Frontera]]'' in [[Baja California]].


==History==
==History==
===Mission Period (1769 &ndash; 1833)===
===Rancho Period (1834 &ndash; 1849)===
In 1846, Governor [[Pío Pico]] sold the Mission for $600 to Petronillo Rios and William Reed. Reed used the Mission as a family residence and a store.  In 1848, Reed and his family were murdered, leaving the Mission vacant for a period of time. The Mission was a stopping place for miners coming from [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] to [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], and was consequently was used as a saloon, dance hall, storeroom and living quarters.
In 1846, Governor [[Pío Pico]] sold the Mission for $600 to Petronillo Rios and William Reed. Reed used the Mission as a family residence and a store.  In 1848, Reed and his family were murdered, leaving the Mission vacant for a period of time. The Mission was a stopping place for miners coming from [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] to [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], and was consequently was used as a saloon, dance hall, storeroom and living quarters.


In 1878, after 38 years without a resident padre, Father Philip Farrelly became the "First Pastor" of Mission San Miguel Arcángel. Through all the years the priests kept the church in condition and it is called the best-preserved church in the mission chain today. In 1928, Mission San Miguel Arcángel and [[Mission San Antonio de Padua]] were returned to the [[Franciscan order]]. Since then, the Mission has been repaired and restored, and has one of the best-preserved interiors (which gives one of the best examples of old mission life).
===California Statehood (1850 &ndash; 1900)===
President [[James Buchanan]] signed a proclamation on September 2, 1859 that restored ownership of the Mission proper to the Roman Catholic Church.<ref>Leffingwell, p. 92</ref> In 1878, after 38 years without a resident padre, Father Philip Farrelly became the "First Pastor" of Mission San Miguel Arcángel. Through all the years the priests kept the church in condition and it is called the best-preserved church in the mission chain today.


For many years, the Mission served the town as an active parish church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey in California. Unfortunately, harmonic vibrations from the nearby [[Union Pacific Railroad]] [[Main line (railway)|main line]] has weakened the unreinforced masonry structures over the years. The [http://www.consrv.ca.gov/CGS/geologic_hazards/earthquakes/earthquake_information.htm San Simeon Earthquake] of December 22, 2003 caused [[:Image:San Miguel Arcangel wall buttress.jpg|severe damage]] to the sanctuary at Mission San Miguel. It will be a several years before seismic retrofitting of the structure (estimated to cost some $15 million) will be completed; until then, the building is off-limits to the general public.<ref>Coronado and Ignatin</ref>
===20th century and beyond (1901 &ndash; present)===
In 1928, Mission San Miguel Arcángel and [[Mission San Antonio de Padua]] were returned to the Franciscan order. Since then, the Mission has been repaired and restored, and has one of the best-preserved interiors (which gives one of the best examples of old mission life). For many years, the Mission served the town as an active parish church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey in California. Unfortunately, harmonic vibrations from the nearby [[Union Pacific Railroad]] main line has weakened the unreinforced masonry structures over the years. The [http://www.consrv.ca.gov/CGS/geologic_hazards/earthquakes/earthquake_information.htm San Simeon Earthquake] of December 22, 2003 caused severe damage to the sanctuary. It will be several years before seismic retrofitting of the structure (estimated to cost some $15 million) will be completed; until then, the building is off-limits to the general public.<ref>Coronado and Ignatin</ref> In 2006 the chapel was designated as one of the [http://www.preservationnation.org/ National Trust for Historic Preservation's] "11 Most Endangered Historic Places" due to its advanced state of deterioration.<ref>Mission San Miguel Arcangel [http://www.preservationnation.org/issues/11-most-endangered/locations/mission-san-miguel-arcangel.html#.UXdYGUrgJLu]</ref>


==Mission bells==
==Mission bells==
Bells were vitally important to daily life at any mission. The bells were rung at mealtimes, to call the Mission residents to work and to religious services, during births and funerals, to signal the approach of a ship or returning missionary, and at other times; novices were instructed in the intricate rituals associated with the ringing the mission bells.
Bells were vitally important to daily life at any mission. The bells were rung at mealtimes, to call the Mission residents to work and to religious services, during births and funerals, to signal the approach of a ship or returning missionary, and at other times; novices were instructed in the intricate rituals associated with the ringing the mission bells.


==Notes==
==Notes and references==
[[Image:Mission-San-Miguel-Arcangel-interior.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Mission San Miguel Arcángel chapel interior, 1934.]]
{{reflist|2}}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]
 
{{reflist}}
 
[[Image:San Miguel Arcangel circa 1897 Adam Clark Vroman.jpg|thumb|300px|right|An interior view of the ''capilla'' (chapel) at Mission San Miguel Arcángel ''circa'' 1897.]]

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Spanish missions in California
Deakin SMA circa 1899.jpg
Mission San Miguel Arcángel, circa 1899[1]
HISTORY
Location: San Miguel, California
Coordinates: 35° 44′ 41″ N, 120° 41′ 53″ W
Name as Founded: La Misión del Gloriosísimo Príncipe Arcángel, Señor San Miguel [2]
English Translation: The Mission of the Glorious Prince, Archangel Saint Michael
Patron Saint: Archangel Saint Michael [3]
Nickname(s): "Mission on the Highway" [4]
"The Unretouched Mission" [5]
Founding Date: July 25,1797 [6]
Founded By: Father Fermín Lasuén [7]
Founding Order: Sixteenth [3]
Military District: Third [8]
Native Tribe(s):
Spanish Name(s): 		Salinan
Primordial Place Name(s): Valica [9]
SPIRITUAL RESULTS
Baptisms: 4,340 [10]
Confirmations: 2,471 [10]
Marriages: 764 [10]
Burials: 1,868 [10]
Year of Neophyte Population Peak: 1814 [11][12]
Neophyte Population: 658 [11][12]
Neophyte Population in 1832: 1,076 [11][12]
DISPOSITION
Secularized: 1834 [3]
Returned to the Church: 1859 [3]
Caretaker: Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey
Current Use: Parish Church (under repair)
Current Land Area: 0.4 acres
National Historic Landmark: #NPS-71000191
Date added to the NRHP: July 14, 1971
California Historical Landmark: #326
Web Site: http://www.missionsanmiguel.org/

Mission San Miguel Arcángel is a former religious outpost established by Spanish colonists on the west coast of North America in the present-day State of California (U.S. state). Founded on July 25, 1797 by Roman Catholics of the Franciscan Order, the settlement was the sixteenth in the twenty-one mission Alta California chain. Named after Saint Michael the Archangel, the site was chosen specifically due to its proximity to the large number of Salinan Indians that inhabited the area. Designated as a historic landmark at both the state and national levels, today the Mission serves as a parish church within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey.

Another mission bearing the name San Miguel Arcángel is Misión San Miguel Arcángel de la Frontera in Baja California.

History

Mission Period (1769 – 1833)

Rancho Period (1834 – 1849)

In 1846, Governor Pío Pico sold the Mission for $600 to Petronillo Rios and William Reed. Reed used the Mission as a family residence and a store. In 1848, Reed and his family were murdered, leaving the Mission vacant for a period of time. The Mission was a stopping place for miners coming from Los Angeles to San Francisco, and was consequently was used as a saloon, dance hall, storeroom and living quarters.

California Statehood (1850 – 1900)

President James Buchanan signed a proclamation on September 2, 1859 that restored ownership of the Mission proper to the Roman Catholic Church.[13] In 1878, after 38 years without a resident padre, Father Philip Farrelly became the "First Pastor" of Mission San Miguel Arcángel. Through all the years the priests kept the church in condition and it is called the best-preserved church in the mission chain today.

20th century and beyond (1901 – present)

In 1928, Mission San Miguel Arcángel and Mission San Antonio de Padua were returned to the Franciscan order. Since then, the Mission has been repaired and restored, and has one of the best-preserved interiors (which gives one of the best examples of old mission life). For many years, the Mission served the town as an active parish church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey in California. Unfortunately, harmonic vibrations from the nearby Union Pacific Railroad main line has weakened the unreinforced masonry structures over the years. The San Simeon Earthquake of December 22, 2003 caused severe damage to the sanctuary. It will be several years before seismic retrofitting of the structure (estimated to cost some $15 million) will be completed; until then, the building is off-limits to the general public.[14] In 2006 the chapel was designated as one of the National Trust for Historic Preservation's "11 Most Endangered Historic Places" due to its advanced state of deterioration.[15]

Mission bells

Bells were vitally important to daily life at any mission. The bells were rung at mealtimes, to call the Mission residents to work and to religious services, during births and funerals, to signal the approach of a ship or returning missionary, and at other times; novices were instructed in the intricate rituals associated with the ringing the mission bells.

Notes and references

  1. ↑ (PD) Painting: Edwin Deakin
  2. ↑ Leffingwell, p. 91
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Krell, p. 254
  4. ↑ Engelhardt
  5. ↑ Ruscin, p. 129
  6. ↑ Yenne, p. 140
  7. ↑ Ruscin, p. 196
  8. ↑ Forbes, p. 202
  9. ↑ Ruscin, p. 195
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Krell, p. 315: as of December 31, 1832; information adapted from Engelhardt's Missions and Missionaries of California.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Krell, p. 315: Information adapted from Engelhardt's Missions and Missionaries of California.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Engelhardt 1920, pp. 300-301
  13. ↑ Leffingwell, p. 92
  14. ↑ Coronado and Ignatin
  15. ↑ Mission San Miguel Arcangel [1]
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