Night of the Long Knives/Related Articles: Difference between revisions

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{{r|National Socialism}}   
{{r|National Socialism}}   
{{r|Socialism in National Socialism||**}}
{{r|Socialism in National Socialism||**}}
==Subtopics==
==Subtopics==
===Victims===
===Victims (partial list)===
''Names omitted when there is no significant biographical information available''
{{r|Herbert von Bose}}   
{{r|Herbert von Bose}}   
{{r|Ferdinand von Bredow}}  
{{r|Ferdinand von Bredow}}  
Line 13: Line 15:
{{r|Werner Engels}}   
{{r|Werner Engels}}   
{{r|Karl Ernst}}  
{{r|Karl Ernst}}  
{{r|Walter Foerster}} (A Hirschberg lawyer who had taken part in legal proceedings against National Socialists. Executed in Hirschberg 1 July 1934)
{{r|Walter Foerster}}  
{{r|Fritz Gerlich}} (1883-1934, anti-Nazi Catholic journalist, arrested 9 March 1933, killed at Dachau 1 July 1934)
{{r|Fritz Gerlich}}
{{r|Hans Hayn}} (1896-1934) in Liegnitz, freikorpskämpfer, [[Black Reichswehr]], Fehmemord, SA-Gruppenführer. NSDAP Reichstag deputy. Shot by SS firing squad in Stadelheim Prison, 30 June 1934)
{{r|Hans Hayn}}  
{{r|Edmund Heines}} (Born 1897, WW1 Officer, Freikorps Roßbach, Fehmemord, protegé of Gerhard Roßbach + Ernst Röhm, expelled from the SA in 1927 for notorious homosexuality, reïnstated by Röhm as SA-Obergruppenführer in charge of Silesia 1931, NSDAP Reichstag deputy. Shot while in bed with his chauffeur and Lustknabe at Bad Wiesse, 30 June 1934)
{{r|Edmund Heines}}
{{r|Oskar Heines}} (Brother of Edmund, born 3 February 1903, SA-Obersturmbannführer. Hearing of the attempted “Putsch” he turned himself in to Gestapo headquarters in Breslau, 30 June 1934. Executed immediately)
{{r|Oskar Heines}}  
{{r|Robert Heiser}} (Born 28 November 1904, Reh Ju. KPD,. Executed in Landeshut 1 July 1934)
{{r|Hans Peter von Heydebreck}}  
{{r|Hans Peter von Heydebreck}} (1889-1934) in Koslin/Pommern, SA-Gruppenführer, NSDAP Reichstag deputy, the “Hero of Annaberg.”
{{r|Anton von Hohberg und Buchwald}}  
{{r|Anton von Hohberg unt Buchwald}} (SS Reiter Und OberTruppführerührer. Shot in the smoking room of his estate by SS troopers on order of his rival [[Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski]]
{{r|Edgar Julius Jung}}  
{{r|Edgar Julius Jung}}  
{{r|Gustav von Kahr}}  
{{r|Gustav von Kahr}}  
{{r|Erich Klausener}} (Head of Preusischen Ministerie Polizei, Center Party, Catholic Action. Shot by SS-Hauptsturmführer Kurt Gildisch in his office 30 June 1934. Left to bleed to death, he managed to telephone for a priest, but the SS men wouldn’t allow the priest to enter and give Klaussener the Last Rites of the Church)
{{r|Erich Klausener}}
{{r|Willi Klemm}} (Born 9 March 1892 in Aaken, SA-Brigadeführer in Berlin. Executed 1 July 1934 by SS firing squad in Berlin-Lichterfelde)
{{r|Fritz Ritter von Krausser}} (1888-1934) cavalry officer, Freikorps Epp, SA-Obergruppenführer, protege of Ernst Roehm, NSDAP Reichstag deputy
{{r|Hans Karl Koch}} (Born 17 October 1897 in Potsdam, SA-Brigadeführer. Executed 1 July 1934 by SS firing squad in Berlin-Lichterfelde)
{{r|Gustav von Lossow}}
{{r|Fritz Ritter von Krausser}} (1888-1934) cavalry officer, Freikorps Epp, SA-Obergruppenführer, protege of Röhm, NSDAP Reichstag deputy. Shot 30 June 1934 at Berlin-Lichterfelde)
{{r|Heinrich Nixdorf}} (Born 19 October 1890, SA Oberst Feldjagerei. Executed in Breslau 30 June 1934)
{{r|Ernst Oberfohren}} (Nationalist Reichstag Deputy.}} (Possibly spurious, not on official list)
{{r|Adalbert Probst}} (Catholic youth leader in Munich, former Bavarian Landtag deputy)
{{r|Adalbert Probst}} (Catholic youth leader in Munich, former Bavarian Landtag deputy)
{{r|Hans Ramshorn}} (SA-Brigadeführer, Police president of Gleiwitz, executed 30 June 1934 in Breslau)
{{r|Hans Ramshorn}} SA-Brigadeführer, Police president of Gleiwitz
{{r|Robert Reh}} (communist, executed at Landeshut in Silesia, 1 July 1934)
{{r|Ernst Roehm}}
{{r|Emil Saasbach}}
{{r|Wilhelm Sander}} (SA–Brigadeführer, executed 1 July 1934)
{{r|Martin Schätzl}} (Painter, homosexual associate of Röhm, SA-Standartenführer)
{{r|Kurt von Schleicher}}  
{{r|Kurt von Schleicher}}  
{{r|Wilhelm Schmidt}} (Music Critic. Mistaken For SA-Gruppenführer Schmid, arrested 30 June 1934 by the SS and killed while in custody. Hess later apologized for the mistake. This is the only documented case of such a mistake, though François-Poncet assures us that there were many)
{{r|Wilhelm Schmidt}} Music critic. Mistaken For SA-Gruppenführer [[Wilhelm Eduard Schmidt]], arrested in the [[Night of the Long Knives]] by the SS and killed while in custody
{{r|Wilhelm Eduard Schmidt}} (SA-Gruppenführer ,Arrested in Munich, 30 June 1934, by Emil Maurice who shot him later that day)
{{r|Wilhelm Eduard Schmidt}}SA-Gruppenführer arrested by [[Emil Maurice]] who shot him later, during [[Night of the Long Knives]]
{{r|August Schneidhüber}} (Born 8 May 1887 in Traunstein, SA-Obergruppenführer, Munich Police Chief, NSDAP Reichstag deputy. Arrested in Munich, 30 June 1934, by Emil Maurice, shot at Stadelheim shortly thereafter)
{{r|August Schneidhueber}}
{{r|Konrad Schragmüller}} (SA-Gruppenführer, NSDAP Reichstag deputy. Arrested and killed 30 June 1934)
{{r|Emil Sembach}}
{{r|Walter Schulz}} (Born 2 September 1897, 2 Stabschef der SA Gruppe Pommern. Executed on 1 July 1934)
{{r|Bernhard Stempfle}}
{{r|Hans Schweighardt}} (Born 12 July 1894, SA-Standartenführer. Executed in Dachau 1 July 1934)
{{r|Gregor Strasser}}  
{{r|Emil Sembach}} (Born 2 April 1891, SS Oberführer. Attached to SS headquarters in Silesia, he was expelled for embezzlement in February 1934 and had denounced Kurt Wittje's homosexuality to the Minister of Defence and to the Reichswehr. He then asked Frick for protection. Udo von Woyrsch, who had a personal vendetta against Sembach, discussed the case with Himmler in June and Sembach was arrested the afternoon of 30 June 1934 in Brieg  (HQ of SS Oa Sudost) and taken to Oels. On 1 July Sembach was taken into the mountains and shot by a Commando under SS-Hauptsturmführer Paul Exner on Woyrsch' orders OR , drowned in a reservoir near Brieg)
{{r|Julius Uhl}}
{{r|Hans Graf von Spreti–Weilbach}} (SA–Standartenführer, SA-Führer zur besonderen Verwendung, protegé of Röhm. Arrested at Bad Wiesse, 30 June 1934, taken to Stadelheim Prison and shot)
{{r|Erwin Villain}}  
{{r|Oskar Stable}} (Freikorps Maercker, Freikorps Roßbach, NSDAP / NSDStB.}} (Possibly spurious, not on official list))
{{r|Gerd Voss}}
{{r|Bernhard Stempfle}} Catholic priest, former associate of Hitler and editor of ''Mein Kampf''; killed during [[Night of the Long Knives]];  probably killed because of what he knew about Geli Raubal)
 
{{r|Gregor Strasser}} (1892-1934), leftist National Socialist, ally (head of 1925 Political Organization) then rival of [[Adolf Hitler]]; WW1 officer, [[Gau  Niederbayern-Oberpfalz| Gauleiter of Niederbayern-Oberpfalz]] (1925-1929), Reichsorganisationsleiter}} (1929-1932); killed during [[Night of the Long Knives]]
{{r|Ottmar Toifl}} (Born 16 July 1898, SS Truppführer u Polizei kommissar. Friend of Daluege. Killed on Heydrich orders in Berlin 1 July 1934. His body was left in an allee of Grunewald)
{{r|Julius Uhl}} (SA-Standartenführer. Arrested at Bad Wiesse, 30 June 1934, taken to Stadelheim Prison and shot)
{{r|Erwin Villain}} (Born 3 November 1898, SA-Standartenarzt, SA medical officer. Arrested by SS-Hauptsturmführer Kurt Gildisch, executed in Lichterfelde 1 July 1934)
{{r|Max Vogel}} (Born 18 July 1908, SA-Obersturmführer. Executed in Dachau 1 July 1934)
{{r|Gerd Voss}} (Attorney to Strasser, shot dead during a search of his office)
{{r|Karl Eberhard von Wechmar}} (SA-Gruppenführer, executed 30 June 1934)
===Survivors===
===Survivors===
Ernst Beissner (arrested in the Purge, expelled from the SA, though later was Kreisleiter and received the Golden Party Pin)
{{r|Leonhardt graf Du Moulin Eckart}} (Born Jan. 11, 1900, doctor at law, SA, homosexual associate of Röhm, chief of the Nazi Party's information service in the Brown House in 1932. Escaped [[Night of the Long Knives]]; later arrested but acquitted for   procuring and for unnatural sexual intercourse on Oct. 21, 1934
 
{{r|Theodore Duesterberg}}
Leonhardt graf Du Moulin Eckart (Born Jan. 11, 1900, doctor at law, SA, homosexual associate of Röhm, chief of the Nazi Party's information service in the Brown House in 1932. Hid during Blood Purge, arrested afterwards and confined at Dachau. Indicted for procuring and for unnatural sexual intercourse on Oct. 21, 1934, having provided his apartment to Röhm for homosexual activities; acquitted)
{{r|Hermann Ehrhardt}}
 
{{r|Alexander Glaser}} attorney to [[Kurt Luedecke]] arrested during Blood Purge)
Theodore Düsterberg (1895-1950, WW1 officer, Stahlhelm founder, DNVP, Arrested after Blood Purge)
{{r|Hans Elard Ludin}} (1905-1947}}Reichswehr officer 1924-1930, under fortress arrest for Nazi political activities 1930-1931, SA-Obergruppenführer, Leader of SA Group Southwest 1933. Arrested during Blood Purge. Later Minister to Slovakia Jan 1941-1945, convicted by a Czech court in Slovakia and executed.
 
{{r|Gerd Luetgebrune}} Attorney to Ernst Roehm Arrested during Blood Purge)
Hermann Ehrhardt (1881-1971, WW1 naval officer, Freikorpsfürher, Kapp Putsch instigator. Upon arrival of the Gestapo, he fled to the woods of his estate with a couple of shot-guns, was later smuggled to Austria by friends, where he lived in exile even after the Anschluss. Erroneously listed among the dead by French Ambassador François-Poncet)
{{r|Franz von Papen}}
 
{{r|Gerhard Rossbach}}
Paul Giesler (Born 15. Jun. 1895 in Siegen. arrested in the Purge, expelled from the SA, though later was Gauleiter of München-Oberbayern (1944 - 1945). Committed Suicide 8 May 1945, at Berchtesgaden, along with his wife)
{{r|Alfons Sack}}
 
{{r|Paul Schulz}} (Ex-Reichswehr Oberleutnant, associate of Strasser. Deeply anti-Socialist he strove to keep the socialists Strasser and Röhm separated by homophobic baiting Hitler and Strasser. Out of power following the Strasser/Schleicher incident, he had earned Hitler’s enmity by imprudent homophobic statements; escaped being killed in the [[Night of the Long Knives]]
Alexander Glaser (attorney to Kurt Lüdecke, arrested during Blood Purge)
{{r|Gertrude Strasser}} (Wife of Otto Strasser. Arrested in Berlin, 30 June 1934 by the Gestapo, tortured and held for several weeks, while pending shipment to a concentration camp she escaped to Prague)
 
{{r|Otto Strasser}}
Hans Elard Ludin (1905-1947, Reichswehr officer 1924-1930, under fortress arrest for Nazi political activities 1930-1931, SA-Obergruppenführer, Leader of SA Group Southwest 1933. Arrested during Blood Purge. Later Minister to Slovakia Jan 1941-1945, convicted by a Czech court in Slovakia, sentenced to death by firing squad. Executed at Bratislava (Pressburg) 9 December 1947)
{{r|Gottfried Treviranus}} (1881-1971) politician, ex-[[DNVP]], founder of People’s Conservative Union, minister in Bruening cabinet. Barely escaped arrest during Blood Purge, exiled to England)
 
{{r|Ernst Udet}} (1896-1941), SA Air Squadron Führer. Invited to Gauleiter Wagner’s banquet/trap on Munich 30 June 1934, he was the only one to escape from the banquet room, albeit dazed and with a large gash on his forehead, when he ran into Hitler, who told him to leave immediately)
Gerd Luetgebrune (Attorney to Röhm. Arrested during Blood Purge)
 
Georges Mappes (Arrested in the Purge, expelled from the SA, though later was NSDAP Orstgruppenleiter he received the Golden Party Pin)
 
Fritz von Papen (1879 - 1969, Ex-Reichswehr, Catholic Center Party, Herrenklub, Chancellor (1932-33), Vice Chancellor. Placed under house arrest for three days during Blood Purge)
 
Rolf Reiner (SS-Gruppenführer, arrested but not executed)
 
Gerhard Roßbach (1893 - 1967, WW1 Veteran, Decorated Officer, Freikorpsführer, Munich Putsch. Arrested during Blood Purge)
 
Dr. Alfons Sack (Attorney, homosexual associate of Röhm, Heines, and Ernst. Arrested during Blood Purge)
 
Karl Schreyer (SA-Gruppenführer. Arrested in Berlin and taken to Columbia House. About to be shot at 4AM, 2 July 1934, when the order to stop all executions came from the Führer)
 
Paul Schulz (Ex-Reichswehr Oberleutnant, associate of Strasser. Deeply anti-Socialist he strove to keep the socialists Strasser and Röhm separated by homophobic baiting Hitler and Strasser. Out of power following the Strasser/Schleicher incident, he had earned Hitler’s enmity by imprudent homophobic statements. Arrested June 30 in Berlin and driven out towards a lonely stretch of woods near Potsdam, he was shot while running away and played dead. When his captors went back to the car for something to wrap the body in, he bolted up and ran off in the woods. To escape dogs, he hid in the waters of the Nuthe stream. He made his way to the house of retired admiral Lübbert where he hid while an amnesty was negotiated with Hitler through a third party)
 
Gertrude Strasser (Wife of Otto Strasser. Arrested in Berlin, 30 June 1934 by the Gestapo, tortured and held for several weeks, while pending shipment to a concentration camp she escaped to Prague)
 
Otto Strasser (Born at Geisenfeld in 1897, WW1 officer, freikorpskämpfer, Ex-SPD, NW Arbeitsgemeinschaft, Ex-NSDAP, Black Front leader. Attempted assassination, 30 June 1934, in Vienna)
 
Gottfried Treviranus (1881-1971, politician, ex-DNVP, founder of People’s Conservative Union, minister in Brüning cabinet. Barely escaped arrest during Blood Purge, exiled to England)
 
Ernst Udet (1896-1941, SA Air Squadron Führer. Invited to Gauleiter Wagner’s banquet/trap on Munich 30 June 1934, he was the only one to escape from the banquet room, albeit dazed and with a large gash on his forehead, when he ran into Hitler, who told him to leave immediately)


===Reprieved by Goering===
===Reprieved by Goering===


Rudolf Diels (1900 - 1957. WW1 veteran, lawyer, Prussian police from 1930, Gestapo investigator of the Reichstag fire, protegé of Göring, forced from office by Heydrich and Himmler. Prosecution witness at Nürnberg)
{{r|Rudolf Diels}} (1900 - 1957. WW1 veteran, lawyer, Prussian police from 1930, Gestapo investigator of the Reichstag fire, protegé of Göring, forced from office by Heydrich and Himmler. Prosecution witness at Nürnberg)


Frederick Wilhelm Viktor August Ernst Hohenzollern , Kronprinz von Preußen (1882 - 1951)
{{r|Frederick Wilhelm Viktor August Ernst Hohenzollern}}  (1882 - 1951) Crown Prince of Prussia


==Other related topics==
==Other related topics==
<!-- List topics here that are related to this topic, but neither wholly include it nor are wholly included by it. -->
{{r|Black Reichswehr}}
{{r|Deutschnationale Volkspartei}}
{{r|DVP}}
 
{{r|Stahlhelm}}
{{r|SPD}}
==Articles related by keyphrases (Bot populated)==
{{r|Kurt von Schleicher}}
{{r|Holocaust}}
{{r|Socialism in National Socialism}}

Latest revision as of 06:00, 26 September 2024

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A list of Citizendium articles, and planned articles, about Night of the Long Knives.
See also changes related to Night of the Long Knives, or pages that link to Night of the Long Knives or to this page or whose text contains "Night of the Long Knives".

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Victims (partial list)

Names omitted when there is no significant biographical information available

Survivors

Reprieved by Goering

  • Rudolf Diels [r]: Add brief definition or description (1900 - 1957. WW1 veteran, lawyer, Prussian police from 1930, Gestapo investigator of the Reichstag fire, protegé of Göring, forced from office by Heydrich and Himmler. Prosecution witness at Nürnberg)

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Articles related by keyphrases (Bot populated)

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