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==Works by William Harvey==
==Works by William Harvey==
* Harvey W. (1628) [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1628harvey-blood.html On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals''.] Translation: Robert Willis. The Internet Modern History Sourcebook. Paul Halsall, halsall@fordham.edu, Sourcebook Compiler.
* Harvey W. (1628) [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1628harvey-blood.html ''On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals''.] Translation: Robert Willis. The Internet Modern History Sourcebook. Paul Halsall, halsall@fordham.edu, Sourcebook Compiler.
 
* Harvey WA. (1651) [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/56320 Anatomical Exercises On The Generation Of Animals; To Which Are Added, Essays On Parturition; On The Membranes, And Fluids Of The Uterus; And On Conception]. In: ''The Works of William Harvey, M.D.'' Translated from the Latin, with a life of the author, by Robert Willis, M.D. 1847. London: The Sydenham Society.
* Harvey W. (1628) [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28796 ''EXERCITATIO ANATOMICA DE MOTU CORDIS ET SANGUINIS IN ANIMALIBUS''.] Facsimile of original, with English Translation and Annotations by Chauncey D. Leake, Professor of Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco. Tercentennial Edition. Charles C. Thomas: Springfield IL. Full-Text viewable online or via free PDF download. Courtesy [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/Default.aspx Biodiversity Heritage Library.]
* Harvey W. (1961; originally written 1616-?) [http://www.questia.com/read/25001509?title=Lectures%20on%20the%20Whole%20of%20Anatomy%3a%20An%20Annotated%20Translation%20of%20Prelectiones%20Anatomiae%20Universalis Lectures on the Whole of Anatomy: An Annotated Translation of Prelectiones Anatomiae Universalis.] C. D. O'Malley - transltr, F. N. L. Poynter - transltr, K. F. Russell - transltr. University of California Press. Berkeley, CA.
* Harvey W. (1961; originally written 1616-?) [http://www.questia.com/read/25001509?title=Lectures%20on%20the%20Whole%20of%20Anatomy%3a%20An%20Annotated%20Translation%20of%20Prelectiones%20Anatomiae%20Universalis Lectures on the Whole of Anatomy: An Annotated Translation of Prelectiones Anatomiae Universalis.] C. D. O'Malley - transltr, F. N. L. Poynter - transltr, K. F. Russell - transltr. University of California Press. Berkeley, CA.
**'''<u>From the Introduction</u>'''&nbsp; The circumstances attending the production of these lecture notes have never been discussed, but the more closely they are investigated the clearer does it become that many features of them which have been taken for granted are still open to question. They are certainly notes that Harvey prepared for his Lumleian lectures, and, judging by their scope, by the research into the literature which is revealed in the citations, and by the personal observations briefly referred to, Harvey must have spent much time in compiling them.


==About William Harvey==
==About William Harvey==
* Willis R. (1847) [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/56320 The Life of William Harvey]. In: ''The Works of William Harvey, M.D.'' Translated from the Latin, with a life of the author, by Robert Willis, M.D. London: The Sydenham Society.
* Huxley TH. (1878) [http://manybooks.net/titles/huxleythetext01thx1910.html William Harvey and the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood. (A free full-text PDF download)] A Lecture delivered in the Free Trade Hall, November 2nd, 1878. From the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation [Etext #2939].
* Huxley TH. (1878) [http://manybooks.net/titles/huxleythetext01thx1910.html William Harvey and the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood. (A free full-text PDF download)] A Lecture delivered in the Free Trade Hall, November 2nd, 1878. From the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation [Etext #2939].
* Sir D´Arcy Power. (1897) [http://books.google.com/books?id=cbYVAAAAYAAJ&dq=power+harvey&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''William Harvey''] (Free full-text Google book). T. Fisher Unwin: London
* Sir D´Arcy Power. (1897) [http://books.google.com/books?id=cbYVAAAAYAAJ&dq=power+harvey&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''William Harvey''] (Free full-text Google book). T. Fisher Unwin: London
* [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/HAN_HEG/HARVEY_WILLIAM_15781657_.html William Harvey (1578-1657).] Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 47 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
* [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/HAN_HEG/HARVEY_WILLIAM_15781657_.html William Harvey (1578-1657).] Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 47 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
* Adler RE. (2004) [http://www.questia.com/read/107370949 Medical Firsts: From Hippocrates to the Human Genome.] Hoboken NJ: Wiley.
* Adler RE. (2004) [http://www.questia.com/read/107370949 Medical Firsts: From Hippocrates to the Human Genome.] Hoboken NJ: Wiley.
* Nuland SB. (2008) [http://www.teach12.com/ttcx/coursedesclong2.aspx?cid=8128&pc=By%20Title Doctors: The History of Scientific Medicine Revealed Through Biography.]&nbsp;The Teaching Company.&nbsp;(12 lectures, 30 minutes/lecture), Course No. 8128.
* Nuland SB. (2008) [http://www.teach12.com/ttcx/coursedesclong2.aspx?cid=8128&pc=By%20Title Doctors: The History of Scientific Medicine Revealed Through Biography.]&nbsp;The Teaching Company.&nbsp;(12 lectures, 30 minutes/lecture), Course No. 8128.
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/256397/William-Harvey William Harvey] (2008) Encyclopedia Britannica Online Free Full-Text Article, edited by British physician, surgeon, medical historian and bibliophile, Sir Geoffrey Langdon Keynes.
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/256397/William-Harvey William Harvey] (2008) Encyclopedia Britannica Online Free Full-Text Article, edited by British physician, surgeon, medical historian and bibliophile, Sir Geoffrey Langdon Keynes.


==On the evolution of the mammalian heart==
==On the evolution of the mammalian heart==
* Koshiba-Takeuchi K, Mori AD, Kaynak L, Cebra-Thomas J, Tatyana T, Georges RO, Latham S, Beck L, Henkelman RM, Black BL, Olson EN, Wade J, Takeuchi JK, Nemer M, Gilbert SF, Bruneau BG. (2009) [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7260/full/nature08324.html Reptilian heart development and the molecular basis of cardiac chamber evolution.] ''Nature'' 461:95-98 (3 September 2009) | [http://dx.doi.org/:10.1038/nature08324]
* Koshiba-Takeuchi K, Mori AD, Kaynak L, Cebra-Thomas J, Tatyana T, Georges RO, Latham S, Beck L, Henkelman RM, Black BL, Olson EN, Wade J, Takeuchi JK, Nemer M, Gilbert SF, Bruneau BG. (2009) [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7260/full/nature08324.html Reptilian heart development and the molecular basis of cardiac chamber evolution.] ''Nature'' 461:95-98 (3 September 2009) | [http://dx.doi.org/:10.1038/nature08324]
** '''<u>Abstract</u>'''The emergence of terrestrial life witnessed the need for more sophisticated circulatory systems. This has evolved in birds, mammals and crocodilians into complete septation of the heart into left and right sides, allowing separate pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems, a key requirement for the evolution of endothermy1, 2, 3. However, the evolution of the amniote heart is poorly understood. Reptilian hearts have been the subject of debate in the context of the evolution of cardiac septation: do they possess a single ventricular chamber or two incompletely septated ventricles4, 5, 6, 7? Here we examine heart development in the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans (a chelonian), and the green anole, Anolis carolinensis (a squamate), focusing on gene expression in the developing ventricles. Both reptiles initially form a ventricular chamber that homogenously expresses the T-box transcription factor gene Tbx5. In contrast, in birds and mammals, Tbx5 is restricted to left ventricle precursors8, 9. In later stages, Tbx5 expression in the turtle (but not anole) heart is gradually restricted to a distinct left ventricle, forming a left–right gradient. This suggests that Tbx5 expression was refined during evolution to pattern the ventricles. In support of this hypothesis, we show that loss of Tbx5 in the mouse ventricle results in a single chamber lacking distinct identity, indicating a requirement for Tbx5 in septation. Importantly, misexpression of Tbx5 throughout the developing myocardium to mimic the reptilian expression pattern also results in a single mispatterned ventricular chamber lacking septation. Thus ventricular septation is established by a steep and correctly positioned Tbx5 gradient. Our findings provide a molecular mechanism for the evolution of the amniote ventricle, and support the concept that altered expression of developmental regulators is a key mechanism of vertebrate evolution.

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Works by William Harvey

About William Harvey

On the evolution of the mammalian heart

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