Drugs banned from the Olympics: Difference between revisions

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#REDIRECT[[World Anti-Doping Agency]]
The International Olympic Committee was established in order to deal with the increasing problem of doping in the sports world and follows three fundamental principals, protecting the health of athletes, respecting medical and sports ethics, and ensuring equality for all athletes.  The list of '''drugs banned from the Olympics'''<ref>This lists drugs banned at the 2004 Olympics</ref> is determined by the [[World Anti-Doping Agency]]. The banned substances and techniques fall into the following categories: [[androgenic agents]], [[blood doping]], [[peptide hormone]]s, [[stimulant]]s, [[diuretic]]s, [[narcotic]]s and [[cannabinoid]]s.
 
== Banned androgenic agents ==
Banned androgenic agents are either anabolic steroids or Beta-2 agonists.  Androgenic steroids increase testosterone and epitestosterone, improving muscle strength and endurance.  Andro, DHEA, [[stanozolol]], [[testosterone]] and [[nandrolone]], or derivates (see below) are banned drugs in this category. Other banned androgenic agents include [[bambuterol]], [[clenbuterol]], [[salbutamol]], [[tibolone]], [[zeranol]], [[zilpaterol]] and selective androgen receptor modulators.
 
===Exogenous anabolic androgenic steroids ===
This is the complete list of exogenous (non-natural) androgenic agents banned as of January 1, 2008:
* [[1-androstendiol]] (5<math>\alpha</math>-androst-1-ene-3<math>\beta</math>,17<math>\beta</math>-diol)
* [[1-androstendione]] (5<math>\alpha</math>-androst-1-ene-3<math>\beta</math>,17<math>\beta</math>-dione)
* [[bolandiol]] (19-norandrostenediol)
* [[bolasterone]]
* [[boldenone]]
* [[boldione]] (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione)
* [[calusterone]]
* [[clostebol]]
* [[danazol]] (17<math>\alpha</math>-ethynyl-17<math>\beta</math>-hydroxyandrost-4-eno[2,3-d]isoxazole)
* [[dehydrochlormethyltestosterone]] (4-chloro-17<math>\beta</math>-hydroxy-17<math>\alpha</math>-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one)
* [[dexosymethytestosterone]] (17<math>\alpha</math>-methyl-5<math>\alpha</math>-androst-2-en-17<math>\beta</math>-ol)
* [[drostanolone]]
* [[ethylestrenol]] (19-nor-17<math>\alpha</math>-pregn-4-en-17-ol)
* [[fluoxymesterone]]
* [[formebolone]]
* [[furazabol]] (17<math>\beta</math>)-hydroxy-17<math>\alpha</math>-methyl-5<math>\alpha</math>-androstano[2,3-c]-furazan)
* [[gestrinone]]
* [[4-hydroxytestosterone]] (4,17<math>\beta</math>-dihydroxyandrost-3-en-3-one)
* [[mestanolone]]
* [[mesterolone]]
* [[mestenolone]]
* [[methandienone]] (17<math>\beta</math>-hydroxy-17<math>\alpha</math>-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one)
* [[methandriol]]
* [[methasterone]] (2<math>\alpha</math>,17<math>\alpha</math>-dimethyl-5<math>\alpha</math>-androstane-3-one-17<math>\beta</math>-ol)
* [[methyldienolone]] (17<math>\beta</math>-hydroxy-17<math>\alpha</math>-methylestra-4,9-dien-3-one)
* [[methyl-1-testosterone]] (17<math>\beta</math>-hydroxy-17<math>\alpha</math>-methyl-5<math>\beta</math>-androst-1-en-3-one)
* [[methylnortestosterone]] (17<math>\beta</math>-hydroxy-17<math>\alpha</math>-methylestr-4-en-3-one)
* [[methyltrienolone]] (17<math>\beta</math>-hydroxy-17<math>\alpha</math>-methylestr-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
* [[methyltestosterone]]
* [[mibolerone]]
* [[nandrolone]]
* [[19-norandrostenedione]]
* [[norboletone]]
* [[norclostebol]]
* [[norethandrolone]]
* [[oxabolone]]
* [[oxandrolone]]
* [[oxymesterone]]
* [[oxymetholone]]
* [[prostanozol]] ([3,2-c]pyrazole-5<math>\alpha</math>-etiollocholane-17<math>\beta</math>-tetrahydropyranol)
* [[quinbolone]]
* [[stanozolol]]
* [[stenbolone]]
* [[1-testosterone]] (17<math>\beta</math>-hydroxy-5<math>\alpha</math>-androst-1-en-3-one)
* [[tetrahydrogestrinone]] (18<math>\alpha</math>)-homo-pregna-4,9,11-trien-17<math>\beta</math>-ol-3-one)
* [[trenbolone]]
 
Drugs with similar structures and biological activity are also banned because new designer drugs of this sort are always being developed in order to beat the drug tests.
 
=== Endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids  ===
* [[androstenediol]]
* [[androstenedione]]
* [[dihydrotestosterone]]
* [[prasterone]] (dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA)
* [[testosterone]]
 
==== Metabolites and isomers ====
* 5<math>\alpha</math>-androstane-3<math>\alpha</math>,17<math>\alpha</math>-diol
* 5<math>\alpha</math>-androstane-3<math>\alpha</math>,17<math>\beta</math>-diol
* 5<math>\alpha</math>-androstane-3<math>\beta</math>,17<math>\alpha</math>-diol
* 5<math>\alpha</math>-androstane-3<math>\beta</math>,17<math>\beta</math>-diol
* androst-4-ene-3<math>\alpha</math>,17<math>\alpha</math>-diol
* androst-4-ene-3<math>\alpha</math>,17<math>\beta</math>-diol
* androst-4-ene-3<math>\beta</math>,17<math>\alpha</math>-diol
* androst-4-ene-3<math>\beta</math>,17<math>\alpha</math>-diol ([[4-androstenediol]])
* androst-5-ene-3<math>\alpha</math>,17<math>\alpha</math>-diol
* androst-5-ene-3<math>\alpha</math>,17<math>\beta</math>-diol
* androst-5-ene-3<math>\beta</math>,17<math>\alpha</math>-diol
* [[4-androstenediol]]
* [[5-androstenedione]] (androst-5-ene-3,17-dione)
* [[epi-dihydrotestosterone]]
* 3<math>\alpha</math>-hydroxy-5<math>\alpha</math>-androstan-17-one
* 3<math>\beta</math>-hydroxy-5<math>\alpha</math>-androstan-17-one
* [[19-norandrosterone]]
* [[19-noretiocholanolone]]
 
 
 
Blood doping is the injection of red blood cells, related blood products that contain red blood cells, or artificial oxgyen containers. This is done by storing blood prior to competition and injecting immediately before competition to improve oxygen transport and athletic endurance.
 
Peptide hormones increase bulk, stength, and oxygen-carrying red blood cells.  The peptide hormones [[chorionic gonadatrophin]] (banned in men only), [[somatotrophin]] (growth hormone), [[synthetic erythropoietin]] (EPO) and [[corticotrophin]], a [[corticosteroid]] mimic, are banned.
 
Stimulants directly affect the central nervous system, increasing blood flow and heart rate.  Stimulants that are banned include [[amphetamine]]s, [[beta-2 agonist]]s, [[ephedrine]], [[pseudoephedrine]], [[fencamfamine]], [[cocaine]], [[methamphetamine]], [[mesocarb]] and other substances with similar chemical structures and biological effects.
 
Diuretics are banned for two reasons.  First, by decreasing water retention and thus weight, an important consideration in many speed sports, they increase the speed of athletes.  Secondly, increase urine production depletes the presence of other drug metabolites making their detection more difficult.  Banned diuretics include [[acetazolamide]], [[furosemide]], [[hydrochlorothiazide]] and [[spironolactone]].
 
Narcotic analgesics decrease the sensation of serious injuries, allowing athletes to continue training or competion after serious injuries.  While some pain killers are allowed, including [[Codeine]], the following are banned: [[heroin]], [[methadone]], [[morphine]], [[oxycodone]], [[oxymorphone]], [[fentanyl]] and its derivatives, and [[pethidine]].
 
The cannabinoids marijuana and hashish are banned.
 
== References and notes ==
<references/>

Latest revision as of 14:55, 12 September 2019

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