English spellings/Catalogs/C: Difference between revisions
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{{:English_spellings/Catalogs/Masterlist}} | {{:English_spellings/Catalogs/Masterlist}} | ||
'''C''' = '''sêe''' ''look'' | '''C''' = '''sêe''' ''look'' | ||
'''c.''' = | '''c.''' = '''cïrca''' *sürka has become a journalistic vogue word, but is not normally spelt out in serious usage, being a space-saver, especially before dates, substituting for a word such as '''aròund''' ('''c. 1950'''), while the longer version "ca." is widely regarded as incorrect | ||
'''cabál''' | '''cabál''', '''cabàl | ||
'''cáche''' ''arms'' = '''cásh''' ''money'' | '''cáche''' ''arms'' = '''cásh''' ''money'' | ||
'''cáddie''' ''golf'' = '''cáddy''' ''tea'' | |||
'''câdence''' | |||
'''cadét | '''cadét | ||
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'''càdrê''' AmE, BrE *càdə | '''càdrê''' AmE, BrE *càdə | ||
''' | '''Caêsar''' *Sêezer | ||
'''cáfè''' can be written with a French accent: '''''café''''' *cáfây | '''cáfè''' can be written with a French accent: '''''café''''' *cáfây | ||
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'''cáffêine''' | '''cáffêine''' | ||
'''câiman''' ''crocodile'' = '''Câyman''' ''Islands'' | |||
'''cãirn | '''cãirn | ||
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'''Cálâis''' *Cállay | '''Cálâis''' *Cállay | ||
'''Calcútta''' ''old spelling'' = '''Kolkàta''' ''new'' | '''Calcútta''' ''old spelling'' = '''Kolkàta''' ''new'': *Cål-cútta is normally pronounced Cál-, e.g. as in '''Calcútta Cúp'''; the effect of the new spelling has been to change the pronunciation to from Cál- to Cól- | ||
'''Caledônia | '''Caledônia | ||
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'''Califŏrnia''' -nyə | '''Califŏrnia''' -nyə | ||
'''câliph''', '''cáliph'''; '''câliphate''', '''cáliphate''', '''calìphate''' | |||
'''cåll''' ''name'', ''phone'', ''shout'' = '''cåul''' ''birth'', cf. '''Cál''' ''person'' | '''cåll''' ''name'', ''phone'', ''shout'' = '''cåul''' ''birth'', cf. '''Cál''' ''person'' | ||
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'''càlm''' -àm, BrE and AmE | '''càlm''' -àm, BrE and AmE | ||
'''cálorie''' | |||
'''Câmbridge | '''Câmbridge | ||
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'''cán''' ''able, tin'' = '''Cánnes''' ''France | '''cán''' ''able, tin'' = '''Cánnes''' ''France | ||
'''cán nót''': see '''cánnót | '''cán nót ônly''': see '''cánnót | ||
'''Cânaan''' *Câynən, '''aa''' as schwa | '''Cânaan''' *Câynən, '''aa''' as schwa | ||
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'''canásta | '''canásta | ||
'''Canáveral''' | |||
'''Cánberra''' -bərə, BrE *Cámborough | '''Cánberra''' -bərə, BrE *Cámborough | ||
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'''cándidate''' BrE -ət, AmE -'''âte''' (unsurprisingly, the AmE version is common among British broadcasters) | '''cándidate''' BrE -ət, AmE -'''âte''' (unsurprisingly, the AmE version is common among British broadcasters) | ||
'''câne''' ''stick, sugar'' = '''Câin''' ''Abel'' | '''câne''' ''stick, sugar'' = '''Câne''' = '''Câin''' ''Abel'' = '''Kâne''' ''Citizen'' = '''Kâine''' ''Tim'' | ||
'''cânîne''' | |||
'''cánister''': one '''n | '''cánister''': one '''n | ||
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'''cánnon''' = '''cánon | '''cánnon''' = '''cánon | ||
'''cannót'''; or '''cánnót''' for emphasis, but always one word when (as it | '''cannót'''; or '''cánnót''' for emphasis, but always one word when (as it usually is) '''nót''' is modifying '''cán''', cf. '''ít cán nót ônly…but ålsô…'''; cf. contracted form '''cān't | ||
'''canoe''' -noô | '''canoe''' -noô | ||
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'''câpable | '''câpable | ||
'''Câpe Tòwn''', two words, first stressed as if it were one, *Câpetown | '''Câpe Tòwn''', two words, but the first is stressed as if it were one, *Câpetown | ||
'''Câpe Vërde''', '''Câpe Vërdê | '''Câpe Vërde''', '''Câpe Vërdê | ||
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'''capíllary''' BrE; AmE '''cápillãry | '''capíllary''' BrE; AmE '''cápillãry | ||
'''cápital''' ''city'' = '''cápitol''' ''legislature'' = '''Cápitol''' ''Washington'' | '''cápital''' ''city'', ''letter'' = '''cápitol''' ''legislature'' = '''Cápitol''' ''Washington'', ''Records | ||
'''capítulate | '''capítulate | ||
'''cappuccìno''' -chêeno | '''cappuccìno''' -chêeno | ||
'''capsîze''' | |||
'''cáptain''' -ptin | '''cáptain''' -ptin | ||
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'''cárapâce | '''cárapâce | ||
'''cárat''' ''gold'' = '''cárrot''' ''food'' | '''cárat''' ''gold'' = '''cárrot''' ''food'' = '''cáret''' ''insert'' = '''kárat''' ''gold'' | ||
'''càrbon dióxîde | '''càrbon dióxîde | ||
'''carburéttor''' | |||
'''càrcass''' ''body'' cf. '''Carácas | '''càrcass''' ''body'' cf. '''Carácas | ||
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'''cãrer | '''cãrer | ||
'''Cãrey''' = '''Cãry''' cf. '''Kérry''' ([[minimal pair]]) | '''Cãrey''' = '''Cãry''', cf. '''Kérry''' ([[minimal pair]]); '''Cãrrey''' is an irregular variant, as normally '''á''' before '''rr''' ('''cárry''') | ||
'''Cáríbbêan''' *Cárri-bêeən is the usual pronunciation outside the area, where some say *Cəríbbêən, and '''Rŏyal Caríbbean''' is normal | '''Cáríbbêan''' *Cárri-bêeən is the usual pronunciation outside the area, where some say *Cəríbbêən, and '''Rŏyal Caríbbean''' is normal | ||
'''cáricature''' cf. '''cháracter''', both k- | '''cáricature''', AmE also '''carícature''', cf. '''cháracter''', both k- | ||
'''cãries | |||
'''Carlîsle''' ''city, person'' = '''Carlŷle''' ''person'' | '''Carlîsle''' ''city, person'' = '''Carlŷle''' ''person'' | ||
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'''Carnègiê''', hard '''g''' (the family pronunciation, though one often hears it echoing the stress pattern of '''Càrnaby''': '''Càrnegie'''; also '''Carnêgie''') | '''Carnègiê''', hard '''g''' (the family pronunciation, though one often hears it echoing the stress pattern of '''Càrnaby''': '''Càrnegie'''; also '''Carnêgie''') | ||
'''Càrnfŏrth''' | |||
'''càrnivore | '''càrnivore | ||
'''cárol''' ''Christmas'' = '''Cárol''' = '''Cárole''' | |||
'''Cárolîne | '''Cárolîne | ||
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'''cárrom''' or '''cárom | '''cárrom''' or '''cárom | ||
'''cárrot''' ''vegetable'' = '''cárat''' ''gold'' = '''cáret''' ''mark'' | |||
'''cárry''' ''bring'' = '''Cárrie''' ''person'' | '''cárry''' ''bring'' = '''Cárrie''' ''person'' | ||
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'''cáshmêre''' ''wool'' = '''Kashmìr''' ''Asia'' | '''cáshmêre''' ''wool'' = '''Kashmìr''' ''Asia'' | ||
'''casìno''' makes a minimal pair with '''Cassìnì''' | |||
'''cassàva | '''cassàva | ||
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'''cát''' ''animal'' = '''qát''' ''drug | '''cát''' ''animal'' = '''qát''' ''drug | ||
'''Cátalan | '''cátacomb''' -coôm | ||
'''Cátalan''': though -ən is the normal ending ('''Itálian''', '''Nigêrian'''), many speakers pronounce a strong final '''á''' in this word for some reason | |||
'''cátalog''' AmE = BrE '''cátalogue''' | |||
'''Catalônia''' | '''Catalônia'''—as for example in the title of [[George Orwell|Orwell]]'s ''Homage to Catalonia'' ('''''Catalunya''''' in [[Catalan language|Catalan]]) | ||
'''catàrrh''' *catàr, cf. '''Qátar | '''catàrrh''' *catàr, cf. '''Qátar | ||
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'''catastróphic | '''catastróphic | ||
'''cátchphrase''' probably one word | '''cátchphrase''' is probably more common as one word | ||
[[Cate Blanchett|'''Câte''' ''Blanchett'']]; but '''Kâte''' is the usual spelling of this abbreviation of '''Cátherine''', '''Kátharine''' etc. | [[Cate Blanchett|'''Câte''' ''Blanchett'']]; but '''Kâte''' is the usual spelling of this abbreviation of '''Cátherine''', '''Kátharine''' etc. | ||
'''categórical | |||
'''cátegory | '''cátegory | ||
'''câter | '''câter''' = '''Câtor | ||
'''cáterpillar | '''cáterpillar | ||
'''Cátheríne''' is the most common spelling; also '''K'''-, -'''thar'''- | '''Cátheríne''' is the most common spelling; also '''K'''-, -'''thar'''- | ||
'''cátholic''' = '''Cátholic''' -k | |||
'''Cathólicism''' -sism | |||
'''cáttle''' ''cows'' cf. '''kéttle''' ''boil'' ([[minimal pair]]) | '''cáttle''' ''cows'' cf. '''kéttle''' ''boil'' ([[minimal pair]]) | ||
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'''cávêát''' (or '''a''' as [[schwa]]) | '''cávêát''' (or '''a''' as [[schwa]]) | ||
'''Câyman Islands | '''Cávendish''' | ||
'''Câyman''' ''Islands'' = '''câiman''' ''crocodile'' | |||
'''ce'''- mostly s- | '''ce'''- mostly s- | ||
'''cêase''' ''stop'' *sêess, | '''cêase''' ''stop'' *sêess, [[minimal pair]] with '''sêize''' ''hold | ||
'''cêased''' rhymes and makes a minimal pair with '''êast | '''cêased''' rhymes and makes a minimal pair with '''êast | ||
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'''cént''' ''money'' = '''sént''' ''send'' = '''scént''' ''perfume | '''cént''' ''money'' = '''sént''' ''send'' = '''scént''' ''perfume | ||
'''centênary''' | |||
'''céntral''' s- | '''céntral''' s- | ||
'''céntre''' s- BrE, AmE '''cénter | '''céntre''' s- BrE, AmE '''cénter'''; past: BrE '''céntred''' = AmE '''céntered''' | ||
'''céntre-léft''', '''céntre-rîght''' ''politics'', [[hyphen]] | '''céntre-léft''', '''céntre-rîght''' ''politics'', [[hyphen]] | ||
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'''céremony''' s- | '''céremony''' s- | ||
'''Céri''' (from Welsh) = '''Kérry''' | |||
'''certíficate''' -ət | |||
'''cërtify''' | |||
'''cërvical''' s- (some say '''cervîcal''') | '''cërvical''' s- (some say '''cervîcal''') | ||
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'''chádŏr | '''chádŏr | ||
'''Châffetz''' ''Jason'' | |||
'''cháffinch''' | |||
'''chágrín''' sh- BrE; AmE *shəgrêen | |||
'''chãir''' ''sit'' makes a [[minimal pair]] with '''shãre''' ''divide'' and '''Chér''' ''person'' | '''chãir''' ''sit'' makes a [[minimal pair]] with '''shãre''' ''divide'' and '''Chér''' ''person'' | ||
'''chaise lóngue''' *shézz-lóng | '''chaise lóngue''' *shézz-lóng | ||
'''chamaêleon''' k-; AmE -'''mêl'''- = '''[[Chamaeleon|Chamaêleon]]''' ''constellation'', cf. '''camêlia''', where -'''n''' is the only extra sound (a [[minimal pair]]) | '''chamaêleon''' k-; AmE -'''mêl'''- = '''[[Chamaeleon|Chamaêleon]]''' ''constellation'', cf. '''camêlia''', where -'''n''' is the only extra sound (a [[minimal pair]]) | ||
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'''chámois''' *shámwà | '''chámois''' *shámwà | ||
''' | '''Champâgne''' ''France'', ''drink'' = '''Champaîgn''' ''Illinois'' *shámpâin; they make a [[minimal pair]] with '''campâign''' *cámpâin | ||
'''chāncellor | '''chāncellor | ||
'''cháncre''' *shánker | |||
'''chandelìêr''' sh- | '''chandelìêr''' sh- | ||
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'''chánnel''' ''rhymes with'' '''pánel''', cf. '''Chanél''', '''Channél''' ''persons'', both sh- | '''chánnel''' ''rhymes with'' '''pánel''', cf. '''Chanél''', '''Channél''' ''persons'', both sh- | ||
'''châós''' *kâyóss | '''châós''' *kâyóss, cf. '''cháps | ||
'''chapàti''' (there are some longer spellings) | |||
'''chápel''' ''church'' = '''Cháppell''' ''person | '''chápel''' ''church'' = '''Cháppell''' ''person | ||
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'''chàplain''' ''church'' = '''Cháplin''' ''person | '''chàplain''' ''church'' = '''Cháplin''' ''person | ||
'''Chappáqua''' | |||
'''Cháppaquíddick''' | |||
'''Cháppell''' = '''chápel'''; also *Shapél | |||
'''chárabanc''' *shárabang, cf. '''shebáng | '''chárabanc''' *shárabang, cf. '''shebáng | ||
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'''chàrlatan''' sh- | '''chàrlatan''' sh- | ||
'''Chàrleston''' ''dance, city'' *Chàrlston | |||
'''Chàrlotte''' Sh- | '''Chàrlotte''' Sh- | ||
'''Chàrlton | |||
'''Cháron''' = '''Sháron'''; or *Kãrən | |||
'''chãry''' cf. '''chãir | '''chãry''' cf. '''chãir | ||
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'''chéckered | '''chéckered | ||
'''chéckers''' = '''Chéquers | '''chéckers''' ''game'' = '''Chéquers''' ''house'' (AmE '''chéckers''' is BrE '''dràughts''' [= '''dràfts''']; AmE '''Chînese chéckers''' is BrE '''Chînese chéquers''') | ||
'''chéckpoint''' one word | '''chéckpoint''' one word | ||
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'''chérub''' | '''chérub''' | ||
'''cherúbic''' | '''cherúbic''' | ||
'''Chéryl''' can be Sh- | |||
'''chévron''' sh- | '''chévron''' sh- | ||
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'''chèz''' *shây | '''chèz''' *shây | ||
'''chìc''' | '''Chháttisgarh''' *Cháttisgar, cf. '''Chándigarh''' | ||
'''chî''' ''Greek letter χ'' *kî | |||
'''chìc''' *shêek, cf. '''slêek''', '''chíck''' | |||
'''Chicàgo''' Shí-, '''à''' sound in both BrE and AmE | '''Chicàgo''' Shí-, '''à''' sound in both BrE and AmE | ||
'''chíck | '''chíck''' ''chicken'', '''Chíck''' ''person'' | ||
'''chíckpêa''' one word or two | '''chíckpêa''' one word or two | ||
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'''chihuàhua''' *tchiwàwa | '''chihuàhua''' *tchiwàwa | ||
'''chîld''' '' | '''chîld''' | ||
'''Chîlds''' ''surname'' = '''chîld's''' ''possessive'', cf. '''chíldren''' ''plural'' | |||
'''chîldbïrth''' one word | '''chîldbïrth''' one word | ||
'''chíldren''' '' | '''chíldren''', plural of '''chîld''' | ||
'''Chílê''' ''country'' = ''' | '''Chílê''' ''country'' = '''chílly''' ''cold'' = '''chílì''', (mostly BrE) '''chíllì''' ''bean'' | ||
''' | '''Chílêan''' *Chíllìan, rhyming with '''Gíllìan'''; also *Chilèan (*Chilâyan), cf. Spanish '''''Chileno''''' (m.), '''''Chilena''''' (f.), where the '''''e''''' is the stressed vowel | ||
'''chimêra''' kî- | '''chimêra''' kî- | ||
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'''chïrp''' | '''chïrp''' | ||
'''chísel''' -zl | |||
'''Chíslehurst''' -zl- | |||
'''Chíswick''' *Tchízzick | '''Chíswick''' *Tchízzick | ||
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'''chóck-a-blóck | '''chóck-a-blóck | ||
'''chŏice''' makes a [[minimal pair]] with '''Jŏyce''' | |||
'''choîr''' ''singers'' = '''quîre''' ''paper | '''choîr''' ''singers'' = '''quîre''' ''paper | ||
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'''choôse''' ''select'' = '''cheŵs''' ''masticates | '''choôse''' ''select'' = '''cheŵs''' ''masticates | ||
'''chŏral''' k- | '''Chópin''' is usually pronounced like '''shóp''' plus a nasalised '''á'''; some say "Shôwpán" but this is not recommended | ||
'''chŏral''' ''chorus'' k-, cf. '''córal''' ''reef'' | |||
'''chorāle''' ''chorus'' = '''corrāl''' ''animals | '''chorāle''' ''chorus'' k- = '''corrāl''' ''animals | ||
'''chŏrd''' ''music'' = '''cŏrd''' ''rope, vocal | '''chŏrd''' ''music'' = '''cŏrd''' ''rope, vocal | ||
'''chŏrus''' k- | '''chŏrus''' k- | ||
'''choúgh''' ''bird'' *chúff, cf. '''chúffed''' ''pleased'' | |||
'''chòw''' ''dog, food'' = '''ciàô''' ''goodbye | '''chòw''' ''dog, food'' = '''ciàô''' ''goodbye | ||
'''chòw | '''chòw mêin''' | ||
'''chr'''- kr- (words that sound as if they begin 'chr-' may begin '''tr'''-) | '''chr'''- kr- (words that sound as if they begin 'chr-' may begin '''tr'''-) | ||
'''Chrís''' = '''Krís''', cf. '''críss-cróss''' | |||
'''Chrîst''' Kr- | '''Chrîst''' Kr- | ||
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'''Christiáne''' *Kristi-ánn | '''Christiáne''' *Kristi-ánn | ||
'''Christìne''', though the stress can shift to '''Chrístine''', Kr- | |||
'''Chrístmas''' *Kríssməss | '''Chrístmas''' *Kríssməss | ||
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'''chrôme''' kr- | '''chrôme''' kr- | ||
'''chrónic''' kr- | '''chrónic''', '''chrónicle''' kr- | ||
'''chrýsalis''' kríss- | '''chrýsalis''' kríss- | ||
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'''chthônian''', '''chthónic''', kth-, th- | '''chthônian''', '''chthónic''', kth-, th- | ||
'''chúffed''' *chúft | |||
'''chürch | '''chürch | ||
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'''ciàô''' ''goodbye'' = '''chòw''' ''dog, food'' | '''ciàô''' ''goodbye'' = '''chòw''' ''dog, food'' | ||
'''cicàda''' BrE; AmE '''cicâda''' | |||
'''Cícely''' ''person'' = '''Sícily''' ''Italy | '''Cícely''' ''person'' = '''Sícily''' ''Italy | ||
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'''cïr'''- | '''cïr'''- | ||
'''cïrca''', traditionally abbreviated to '''c.''' (though not "ca.", q.v.), has become a (vogue?) word in its own right | |||
'''cïrcle | '''cïrcle | ||
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'''cïrcumstance''' | '''cïrcumstance''' | ||
''' | '''Cîrencéster''' | ||
'''cirrhôsis''', cf. '''psorîasis''' | |||
'''císsy''' = '''Císsy''' = '''síssy''' | |||
'''citâtion''' cf. '''situâtion | '''citâtion''' cf. '''situâtion | ||
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'''civílian''': one '''l | '''civílian''': one '''l | ||
'''cívvies | |||
'''Clãir''' = '''Clãire''' = '''Clãre | '''Clãir''' = '''Clãire''' = '''Clãre | ||
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'''clámpdown''' ''noun'' one word | '''clámpdown''' ''noun'' one word | ||
'''clán''' = '''Klán''' ''Ku Klux | |||
'''clándestîne'''; some say '''clandéstíne | '''clándestîne'''; some say '''clandéstíne | ||
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'''clárify | '''clárify | ||
'''clarinéttist''' BrE, AmE '''clarinétist''' | |||
'''clárity | '''clárity | ||
'''clāss''' | |||
'''clássical''' ''music'' is not capitalised when referring to any period; only '''Clássical''' when referring particularly to the period between Baroque and Romantic (and not necessarily music) | '''clássical''' ''music'' is not capitalised when referring to any period; only '''Clássical''' when referring particularly to the period between Baroque and Romantic (and not necessarily music) | ||
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'''clërk''' AmE; BrE = '''Clàrk''' = '''Clàrke''' ''persons | '''clërk''' AmE; BrE = '''Clàrk''' = '''Clàrke''' ''persons | ||
'''cléver''' | |||
'''clìchè''' *clêeshây | '''clìchè''' *clêeshây | ||
'''clíck''' ''sound'', cf. '''clìque''' ''gang'', see below | '''clíck''' ''sound'', cf. '''clìque''' ''gang'', see below | ||
'''clíckbâit''' | |||
'''clîmb''' ''up'' = '''clîme''' ''weather | '''clîmb''' ''up'' = '''clîme''' ''weather | ||
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'''clóckwörk''' one word | '''clóckwörk''' one word | ||
'''clôse''' ''shut'' = '''clôze''' ''test''; '''clôse''' ''near, cul-de-sac'' *clôce | '''clôse''' ''shut'' = '''clôze''' ''test''; '''clôse''' ''near, cul-de-sac'' *clôce = '''Clôse''': '''Ms. Clôse's''' (-siz) '''còmpany was clôse''' (s) '''to bánkruptcy and hád to clôse''' (z) '''môst of íts óffices''' | ||
'''clôser''' ''more'' -ss-, '''clôser''' ''end'' -z- | '''clôser''' ''more'' -ss-, '''clôser''' ''end'' -z- | ||
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'''Côckburn''' = '''Côburn''' ''persons | '''Côckburn''' = '''Côburn''' ''persons | ||
'''Cóckermòuth''' or -məth | |||
'''cóck-up | '''cóck-up | ||
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'''coërce | '''coërce | ||
'''coërcion''' -sh- | |||
'''CofÊ''' ''Church of England'' *sêeyəvêe | '''CofÊ''' ''Church of England'' *sêeyəvêe | ||
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'''Coìmbra''' *Quêenborough | '''Coìmbra''' *Quêenborough | ||
''' | '''coincîde''', '''coíncídence''', cô-í-, without hyphens | ||
'''cojônes''' *cohôniz | '''cojônes''' *cohôniz | ||
'''côke''' ''fuel'' = '''Côke''' ''Coca Cola'' = '''Kôch''' ''brothers'' | |||
'''còlander''' cf. '''cálendar | '''còlander''' cf. '''cálendar | ||
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'''[[coleslaw|côleslaw]]''' is probably more common nowadays than '''côle slåw | '''[[coleslaw|côleslaw]]''' is probably more common nowadays than '''côle slåw | ||
'''Cólin | '''Cólin''', cf. '''Cóllins'''; '''[[Colin Powell|Côlin Pòwell]]''' is an exception | ||
'''colláborate | '''colláborate | ||
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'''collápse | '''collápse | ||
'''cóllar''' cf. '''chólera''' *cóllara | '''cóllar''', cf. '''chólera''' *cóllara | ||
'''cólleague''' *cólêeg | |||
'''colléctable''' BrE, AmE '''colléctible | '''colléctable''' BrE, AmE '''colléctible | ||
'''cóllege''' *cóllij | |||
'''cóllier''' ''coal'' = '''Cóllier''', '''Cólyer''' | '''cóllier''' ''coal'' = '''Cóllier''', '''Cólyer''' | ||
'''Cóllins | '''Cóllins''', cf. '''Cólin | ||
'''collóssal | '''collóssal | ||
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'''Colôgne''' ''Germany'' = '''colôgne''' ''perfume'' *kəlôn | '''Colôgne''' ''Germany'' = '''colôgne''' ''perfume'' *kəlôn | ||
'''Colòmbia''' ''country'' = '''Colúmbia''' ''company, British'' (-'''ló'''- is the Spanish and a [[spelling pronunciation]]) | '''Colòmbia''' ''country'' = '''Colúmbia''' ''company, [[British Columbia|British]]'' (-'''ló'''- is the Spanish and a [[spelling pronunciation]]) | ||
'''Colòmbo''' ''Sri Lanka'' = '''Colúmbo''' ''TV series | '''Colòmbo''' ''Sri Lanka'' = '''Colúmbo''' ''TV series | ||
Line 790: | Line 909: | ||
'''côlon | '''côlon | ||
'''cölonel''' ''army'' = '''kërnel''' ''nut'' | '''cölonel''' ''army'' = BrE '''kërnel''' ''nut'' *kënl | ||
'''colônial | '''colônial | ||
Line 823: | Line 942: | ||
'''cómbatant''' or '''combátant | '''cómbatant''' or '''combátant | ||
'''combîne''' ''verb | |||
'''cómbine-hàrvester | |||
'''còme''' | |||
'''còmeback''' ''noun, adjective'' one word | '''còmeback''' ''noun, adjective'' one word | ||
Line 844: | Line 969: | ||
'''comménd | '''comménd | ||
''' | '''cómmént | ||
'''commërcial | '''commërcial | ||
Line 851: | Line 976: | ||
'''commíttee | '''commíttee | ||
'''cómmonplace''' ''common'' one word | |||
'''commûnal | '''commûnal | ||
Line 857: | Line 984: | ||
'''commûne''' ''verb | '''commûne''' ''verb | ||
'''commûniquè''' -nikây | |||
'''cómmunism | '''cómmunism | ||
Line 873: | Line 1,002: | ||
'''compàrtment | '''compàrtment | ||
'''còmpass''' | |||
'''còmpasses''' | |||
'''compássion | '''compássion | ||
Line 891: | Line 1,024: | ||
'''complîant''' ''comply'' | '''complîant''' ''comply'' | ||
'''complícit | |||
'''cómpóst | '''cómpóst | ||
Line 920: | Line 1,055: | ||
'''concéptual | '''concéptual | ||
'''concërtô''' *cənshërto, *cənshérto | '''concërtô''' *cənshërto, *cənshérto or like Italian original *conchérto | ||
'''concéssion | '''concéssion | ||
Line 951: | Line 1,086: | ||
'''cóndûít''' or -dwít; BrE was once *cóndit or *cúndit, but now regularised | '''cóndûít''' or -dwít; BrE was once *cóndit or *cúndit, but now regularised | ||
'''cône''' | |||
'''Côney | |||
'''conféctionery''' | |||
'''confër | '''confër | ||
Line 971: | Line 1,112: | ||
'''cóngruent''' or '''congrûent | '''cóngruent''' or '''congrûent | ||
'''cónical''' make a minimal pair with '''chrónicle''' | |||
'''cónifer''' | |||
'''cóniìne''' -'''iì'''- | '''cóniìne''' -'''iì'''- | ||
Line 988: | Line 1,133: | ||
'''connoissëur''': -'''oi'''- as schwa: *connəssür | '''connoissëur''': -'''oi'''- as schwa: *connəssür | ||
'''cónquer''' ''win'' = '''cónker''' ''nut | '''Cónor''' ''given'' = '''Cónnor''' ''family'' | ||
'''cónquer''' ''win'' = '''cónker''' ''nut'' *cóngker | |||
'''cónquést''' *cóngkwest, cf. '''quést''' | |||
''' | <nowiki>*</nowiki>conscient should be '''cónscious | ||
'''consciéntious''' *cónshì-énshəs, *cónshénshəs | '''consciéntious''' *cónshì-énshəs, *cónshénshəs | ||
Line 998: | Line 1,147: | ||
'''consénsus''' cf. '''consént''', '''cénsus''', '''concéntric | '''consénsus''' cf. '''consént''', '''cénsus''', '''concéntric | ||
'''consént''' cf. ''' | '''consént''' cf. '''cóncentrâte | ||
'''cónsequence | '''cónsequence''' cónsí-, cf. '''sêquence | ||
'''consërvative | '''consërvative | ||
Line 1,021: | Line 1,170: | ||
'''consŏrt''' ''verb | '''consŏrt''' ''verb | ||
'''consŏrtium''' as written or -shm | |||
'''conspíracy | '''conspíracy | ||
Line 1,043: | Line 1,194: | ||
'''contémptible | '''contémptible | ||
'''conténd''' ''struggle'' | |||
'''contént''' ''happy | '''contént''' ''happy | ||
Line 1,052: | Line 1,205: | ||
'''contéxtual | '''contéxtual | ||
'''contínûùm''' - | '''contínûùm''' -tínyûəm | ||
'''cóntoûr | '''cóntoûr | ||
Line 1,070: | Line 1,223: | ||
'''contribûtion | '''contribûtion | ||
<nowiki>* | <nowiki>*contríbyəter</nowiki> '''contríbutor''' | ||
'''contrôl | '''contrôl | ||
Line 1,081: | Line 1,234: | ||
'''conúndrum | '''conúndrum | ||
'''cónvíct''' ''noun'', '''convíct''' ''verb'' | |||
'''cónvoy | '''cónvoy | ||
Line 1,086: | Line 1,241: | ||
'''coòk''' ''kitchen'' = '''Coòk''' = '''Coòke''' ''persons | '''coòk''' ''kitchen'' = '''Coòk''' = '''Coòke''' ''persons | ||
'''Coômbs''' = '''Coômbes''' * | '''coôlie''' *kûli | ||
'''Coômbs''' = '''Coômbes''' *Cûmz | |||
'''coôp''' | |||
'''coôper''' = '''Coôper''' | |||
'''cooperâtion''' côwóp-, cf. '''cŏrporation | '''cooperâtion''' côwóp-, cf. '''cŏrporation | ||
Line 1,115: | Line 1,276: | ||
'''cŏre''' ''apple'' = '''cŏrps''' ''army | '''cŏre''' ''apple'' = '''cŏrps''' ''army | ||
'''cŏrnea''' -nìə | |||
'''cŏrnerstône''' one word | '''cŏrnerstône''' one word | ||
Line 1,133: | Line 1,296: | ||
'''corrāl''' AmE ''animals''; BrE = '''chorāle''' ''choral | '''corrāl''' AmE ''animals''; BrE = '''chorāle''' ''choral | ||
'''corrālled | |||
'''correspóndence''', '''correspóndent''' (unlike French, which has -ance, -ant) | '''correspóndence''', '''correspóndent''' (unlike French, which has -ance, -ant) | ||
Line 1,142: | Line 1,307: | ||
'''cóst''' cf. '''côast | '''cóst''' cf. '''côast | ||
'''Cósta Rìca | '''Cósta Rìca''', cf '''côast'''; some Americans say '''Côsta Rìca''' | ||
'''côsy''' BrE = AmE '''côzy''' = '''Côsey | '''côsy''' BrE = AmE '''côzy''' = '''Côsey | ||
'''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''' (French accent may be retained in English) *Côat-divwàr, also known as '''Îvory Côast''' | '''''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''''' (French circumflex accent may be retained in English) *Côat-divwàr, also known as '''Îvory Côast''' | ||
'''cotërminous''' ''adjective'', cf. '''tërminus''' ''noun'' | |||
'''Cótham''' ''Bristol'' *Cóttam | |||
'''cóttage''' -íj | '''cóttage''' -íj | ||
Line 1,154: | Line 1,323: | ||
'''còuchant | '''còuchant | ||
'''couchétte''' | '''couchétte''' *coô-shét | ||
'''coûgar''' *coôger | '''coûgar''' *coôger | ||
Line 1,168: | Line 1,337: | ||
'''còunt | '''còunt | ||
''' | '''còunter''' ''noun'' | ||
'''còunter-''' ''opposite'', hyphenated: '''còunter-clâim''', '''còunter-productive''' | |||
'''còunterfeít | '''còunterfeít'''; '''còunterfeíter''' rhymes with (ends like) '''fítter''' | ||
''' | '''coúntry''' *cúntry, cf. '''còunty''' and '''còunt''', which do begin with the '''còw''' sound; "còwntry" is a common mispronunciation by foreign learners | ||
''' | '''còunty''' cf. '''coúntry | ||
'''coûp''' ''d’état'' = '''coô''' ''bird | '''coûp''' ''d’état'' = '''coô''' ''bird | ||
Line 1,192: | Line 1,363: | ||
'''cöurtesy''' ''politeness'' cf. '''cürtsey''' ''bow'' ([[minimal pair]]) | '''cöurtesy''' ''politeness'' cf. '''cürtsey''' ''bow'' ([[minimal pair]]) | ||
'''coúsin''' *cúzzen | '''coúsin''' *cúzzen rhymes with '''dòzen''' | ||
'''Cóvent Gàrden | '''Cóvent Gàrden | ||
Line 1,198: | Line 1,369: | ||
'''còver | '''còver | ||
'''côvert''' cf. '''ovërt | '''côvert''', '''còvert''', cf. '''ovërt | ||
'''còvet''' -ít | '''còvet''' -ít | ||
Line 1,211: | Line 1,382: | ||
'''cŏyôtê''' BrE; AmE *kîôat | '''cŏyôtê''' BrE; AmE *kîôat | ||
'''cráb''' = '''Crább''' = '''Crábbe''' | |||
'''cráckdown''' ''noun'', '''cráck dòwn''' ''verb'' | |||
'''cráckpot''' ''noun'' one word | '''cráckpot''' ''noun'' one word | ||
Line 1,221: | Line 1,396: | ||
'''cråwl''' ''ground'' = '''Kråll''' ''person'' | '''cråwl''' ''ground'' = '''Kråll''' ''person'' | ||
'''Creâgh''' = '''Crây | |||
'''crêak''' ''noise'' = '''crêek''' ''water'' | '''crêak''' ''noise'' = '''crêek''' ''water'' | ||
Line 1,226: | Line 1,403: | ||
'''crêam | '''crêam | ||
''' | '''creâte''' *crêe-âte | ||
''' | '''creâtion''' *crêe-âshən | ||
'''crêature''' -ch- | '''crêature''' -ch- | ||
Line 1,252: | Line 1,429: | ||
'''crêosote | '''crêosote | ||
'''crèpe''' | '''crèpe''', '''crépe | ||
'''crescéndo''' -sh- | '''crescéndo''' -sh- | ||
'''créscent''' *crézzənt, *créssənt | '''créscent''' *crézzənt, *créssənt | ||
'''crétin''' | |||
'''crévíce | '''crévíce | ||
Line 1,269: | Line 1,448: | ||
'''crîme''' cf. '''crêam''' ([[minimal pair]]) | '''crîme''' cf. '''crêam''' ([[minimal pair]]) | ||
'''Crimêa''' *Crî-mêə | |||
'''críminal | '''críminal | ||
''' | '''crîsís''' -s, pl. '''crîsês''' -z | ||
'''críss-cróss''', cf. '''Chrís''', '''cróss | '''críss-cróss''', cf. '''Chrís''', '''cróss | ||
Line 1,293: | Line 1,474: | ||
'''crócodîle | '''crócodîle | ||
'''croissant''' *kwússón, French nasal -ón | '''croissant''' *kwússón, French nasal -ón | ||
Line 1,301: | Line 1,481: | ||
'''crôny | '''crôny | ||
'''crônyism''' *crônêeízm | |||
'''crôquèt''': BrE *crôkay, AmE *crokây | |||
'''crôsier''', '''crôzier''' | |||
'''cróss-examinâtion | '''cróss-examinâtion | ||
Line 1,310: | Line 1,496: | ||
'''crûcible | '''crûcible | ||
'''crûcifíxion | '''crûcifíxion''' *crûci-'''fíction | ||
'''crûise''' | '''Crûickshank''' -ûk- | ||
'''crûise''' = '''Crûz''' = '''creŵs''' | |||
'''crúmb''' -m | '''crúmb''' -m | ||
Line 1,319: | Line 1,507: | ||
'''crúx | '''crúx | ||
'''Crûz''' = '''crûise''' | |||
'''crýpt | '''crýpt | ||
'''crýstal''', '''t''' sounded, cf. '''whístle''', '''grístle''', silent '''t | '''crýptic''' makes a [[minimal pair]] with '''tríptych | ||
'''crýstal''', '''t''' sounded (= '''Krístol'''), cf. '''whístle''', '''grístle''', silent '''t | |||
'''cubewàno''', from "QB1-o" (after the prototype [[trans-Neptunian object]] '''QB'''-'''òne''' *qyû-bê-wún, with '''ú''' changed to '''à''') | |||
'''cúckold | '''cúckold | ||
'''cùckoô''' | '''cùckoô''', first syllable sounding like '''coòk | ||
'''cûe''' ''snooker, theatre'' = '''queûe''' ''line'' = '''Keŵ''' ''Gardens | '''cûe''' ''snooker, theatre'' = '''queûe''' ''line'' = '''Keŵ''' ''Gardens | ||
Line 1,338: | Line 1,532: | ||
'''cúlprit | '''cúlprit | ||
'''cúm''' ''with'' = '''còme''' ''here | '''cúlt | ||
'''cúm''' ''with, orgasm'' = '''còme''' ''here | |||
'''Cúmmings''' ''person'' = '''còmings''' ''and goings | '''Cúmmings''' ''person'' = '''còmings''' ''and goings | ||
'''cúmqùat''' = '''kúmqùat''' | |||
'''cûneífŏrm''' rhymes with '''ûniform | '''cûneífŏrm''' rhymes with '''ûniform | ||
Line 1,352: | Line 1,550: | ||
'''curâte''' ''museum | '''curâte''' ''museum | ||
'''cürb''' ''stop, street'' = '''kërb''' ''street | '''cürb''' ''stop, street'' = '''kërb''' BrE ''street | ||
'''cûre-åll''' ''noun, adjective | '''cûre-åll''' ''noun, adjective | ||
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'''cürse''' cf. '''cŏurse | '''cürse''' cf. '''cŏurse | ||
'''cürsed''' * cürst; adjective before noun may be *cürsíd | |||
'''cürt''' ''blunt'' = '''Kürt''' ''person | '''cürt''' ''blunt'' = '''Kürt''' ''person | ||
Line 1,385: | Line 1,585: | ||
'''cút-prîce | '''cút-prîce | ||
'''cútler''', '''cútlery''', light '''l''', '''e''' as [[schwa]] (though [[Anne Robinson]], on ''[[The Weakest Link]]'', pronounces it with a dark '''l''': "cúttle-ry") | |||
'''cy'''- s- | '''cy'''- s- | ||
'''cýclamen''' | '''cýclamen''' | ||
'''cŷcle''' | '''cŷcle''' | ||
'''cýclical''' | '''cýclical''' | ||
'''cŷclist''' | '''cŷclist''' | ||
'''cýgnet''' ''swan'' = '''sígnet''' ''ring | '''cýgnet''' ''swan'' = '''sígnet''' ''ring | ||
Line 1,401: | Line 1,603: | ||
'''cýmbal''' ''drums'' = '''sýmbol''' ''sign | '''cýmbal''' ''drums'' = '''sýmbol''' ''sign | ||
'''cýnic''' | |||
'''cýnicism | |||
'''cŷnosure''' | |||
'''cŷpher''' or '''cîpher''', cf. '''decîpher | '''cŷpher''' or '''cîpher''', cf. '''decîpher | ||
'''cŷpress''' ''tree'' = '''Cŷprus''' ''country'' | '''cŷpress''' ''tree'' = '''Cŷprus''' ''country'' | ||
'''Cýpriot | '''Cýpriot | ||
''' | '''Cýril | ||
''' | '''Cyríllic | ||
''' | '''Cŷrus | ||
'''cýst''' | |||
'''czàr''' or '''tsàr''' *zàr | '''czàr''' or '''tsàr''' *zàr | ||
'''Czéch''' ''nationality'' = '''chéck''' ''verify'' = BrE '''chéque''' ''cash | '''Czéch''' ''nationality'' = '''chéck''' ''verify'' = BrE '''chéque''' ''cash |
Latest revision as of 13:57, 17 August 2017
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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Use in English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alphabetical word list | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retroalphabetical list | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common misspellings |
This page lists pronunciations of English words that begin with C. To see a different letter navigate with the table above. The apostrophe is treated as the last letter of the alphabet, after Z.
For a pronunciation key, click on the blue "Catalogs" link below the article title.[e]
C = sêe look
c. = cïrca *sürka has become a journalistic vogue word, but is not normally spelt out in serious usage, being a space-saver, especially before dates, substituting for a word such as aròund (c. 1950), while the longer version "ca." is widely regarded as incorrect
cabál, cabàl
cáche arms = cásh money
cáddie golf = cáddy tea
câdence
cadét
Cadíz is the traditional English pronunciation, though the Spanish stresses the first syllable
càdrê AmE, BrE *càdə
Caêsar *Sêezer
cáfè can be written with a French accent: café *cáfây
cáfè au lâit can be written with a French accent: café au lait *cáfâyô-lây
cáffêine
câiman crocodile = Câyman Islands
cãirn
Caîro *Kŷro
Caìus Cambridge = kêys lock; otherwise regularly Caîus, rhyming with its variant Gaîus
Cálâis *Cállay
Calcútta old spelling = Kolkàta new: *Cål-cútta is normally pronounced Cál-, e.g. as in Calcútta Cúp; the effect of the new spelling has been to change the pronunciation to from Cál- to Cól-
Caledônia
cálendar is not spelt -er, cf. còlander
Cálgary *Cálgəri
Califŏrnia -nyə
câliph, cáliph; câliphate, cáliphate, calìphate
cåll name, phone, shout = cåul birth, cf. Cál person
Cállaghán: silent g, *Cállahán
callígraphy -ll-, cf. Calígula
Callîopê = Kallîopê = Kallîopi
cállous uncaring = cállus skin ≈ Cállas Maria (or Cállás)
càlm -àm, BrE and AmE
cálorie
Câmbridge
cámel
camêllia: irregular ê before double consonant, *camêlia, cf. chamaêleon *camêliən
cámera
cameráderie
Cámeron
Cameroôn
cámouflàge -àzh
campâign *campâin, cf. champâgne *shám-pâin, and words in -èign, all of which rhyme
Cámpbell *Cámble, rhyming with gámble
cán able, tin = Cánnes France
cán nót ônly: see cánnót
Cânaan *Câynən, aa as schwa
Cánada
Canâdian
canál
cánapè cf. cánopy
canãry
canásta
Canáveral
Cánberra -bərə, BrE *Cámborough
cáncer illness = Cáncer constellation
cándidate BrE -ət, AmE -âte (unsurprisingly, the AmE version is common among British broadcasters)
câne stick, sugar = Câne = Câin Abel = Kâne Citizen = Kâine Tim
cânîne
cánister: one n
cánnabis
cánnibal rhymes with Hánnibal
cánnon = cánon
cannót; or cánnót for emphasis, but always one word when (as it usually is) nót is modifying cán, cf. ít cán nót ônly…but ålsô…; cf. contracted form cān't
canoe -noô
cánon church, œuvre, music = cánnon war
cánopy cf. cánapè
cánt cliche = Kánt philosopher = AmE cán’t impossible
cantàta
cánvas paint, tent = cánvass election
cányon cf. ònion, both -yən
câpable
Câpe Tòwn, two words, but the first is stressed as if it were one, *Câpetown
Câpe Vërde, Câpe Vërdê
capíllary BrE; AmE cápillãry
cápital city, letter = cápitol legislature = Cápitol Washington, Records
capítulate
cappuccìno -chêeno
capsîze
cáptain -ptin
cáption -pshn
Cápricorn
càr vehicle = Càrr = Kàrr persons
*cáracter is spelt cháracter; cf. cáricature
càr-lôad noun
cárapâce
cárat gold = cárrot food = cáret insert = kárat gold
càrbon dióxîde
carburéttor
càrcass body cf. Carácas
cãre
cãrefree one word
carêer profession, speed BrE = Korêa country, cf. cárrier carry
cãrer
Cãrey = Cãry, cf. Kérry (minimal pair); Cãrrey is an irregular variant, as normally á before rr (cárry)
Cáríbbêan *Cárri-bêeən is the usual pronunciation outside the area, where some say *Cəríbbêən, and Rŏyal Caríbbean is normal
cáricature, AmE also carícature, cf. cháracter, both k-
cãries
Carlîsle city, person = Carlŷle person
Càrnaby
Carnègiê, hard g (the family pronunciation, though one often hears it echoing the stress pattern of Càrnaby: Càrnegie; also Carnêgie)
Càrnfŏrth
càrnivore
cárol Christmas = Cárol = Cárole
Cárolîne
Cárolýn
caròusal carouse *cəròuzəl
carousél round *carəssél
cárrom or cárom
cárrot vegetable = cárat gold = cáret mark
cárry bring = Cárrie person
càrt horse = kàrt race
cartél
càrton
cartoôn cf. Khartoûm, minimal pair: n and m only different sounds
cásh money = cáche weapons
cashìer *cashêer
cáshmêre wool = Kashmìr Asia
casìno makes a minimal pair with Cassìnì
cassàva
cāst drama, throw, eye = cāste India
Castílian cf. Castìlle
cāstle -ssl
cásual cf. cåusal
cásualty
cát animal = qát drug
cátacomb -coôm
Cátalan: though -ən is the normal ending (Itálian, Nigêrian), many speakers pronounce a strong final á in this word for some reason
cátalog AmE = BrE cátalogue
Catalônia—as for example in the title of Orwell's Homage to Catalonia (Catalunya in Catalan)
catàrrh *catàr, cf. Qátar
catástrophê
catastróphic
cátchphrase is probably more common as one word
Câte Blanchett; but Kâte is the usual spelling of this abbreviation of Cátherine, Kátharine etc.
categórical
cátegory
câter = Câtor
cáterpillar
Cátheríne is the most common spelling; also K-, -thar-
cátholic = Cátholic -k
Cathólicism -sism
cáttle cows cf. kéttle boil (minimal pair)
cåucus rhymes with råucous
cåught catch = BrE cŏurt tennis, law
cåul birth = cåll name, phone, shout
cåuldron or cåldron
cauliflòur *cóllyflower
cåuse reason -z = BrE Cŏrrs persons, cf. cŏurse -ss, cf. because *bicóz, ’cós because *cóz
cause celébre can have French accents: cause célèbre *côz-celébrə
cavalìêr
cávêát (or a as schwa)
Cávendish
Câyman Islands = câiman crocodile
ce- mostly s-
cêase stop *sêess, minimal pair with sêize hold
cêased rhymes and makes a minimal pair with êast
cêasefîre (no need to hyphenate)
cêde yield = sêed plant
cèilidh *kâlêy
cêiling floor = sêaling shutting
célebrâte s-
celébrity s-
célibate s-
céll prison, biology = séll money
céllar wine = séller sales
céllo tch-
céllophane s-, cf. sêal, séllotape
Céltic or céltic civilisation K-; Céltic football club S-
cémetery BrE -try, AmE -téry: not spelt -ary
cénsor censorship = sénsor feel ≈ cénsure blame
cént money = sént send = scént perfume
centênary
céntral s-
céntre s- BrE, AmE cénter; past: BrE céntred = AmE céntered
céntre-léft, céntre-rîght politics, hyphen
centrífugal or céntrifugal
centrípetal
céntrist s-
céntury is not automatically capitalised after an ordinal: 20th céntury
cêreal cornflakes = sêrial series
cérebral s- BrE; AmE cerêbral
Cêrês planet makes a minimal pair with sêríes string, or Céres, cf. Sírius star
céremony s-
Céri (from Welsh) = Kérry
certíficate -ət
cërtify
cërvical s- (some say cervîcal)
cesãrian cf. Caêsar, both s-
césspit one word
césspool one word
cf. compare *cêe-éff
ch- tch- unless otherwise stated; sh-, often from French, where stated
chà tea
chà-chà or cha-cha-chà dance
Chádian *Cháddian
chádŏr
Châffetz Jason
cháffinch
chágrín sh- BrE; AmE *shəgrêen
chãir sit makes a minimal pair with shãre divide and Chér person
chaise lóngue *shézz-lóng
chamaêleon k-; AmE -mêl- = Chamaêleon constellation, cf. camêlia, where -n is the only extra sound (a minimal pair)
châmber cf. Châmbers person
chámois *shámwà
Champâgne France, drink = Champaîgn Illinois *shámpâin; they make a minimal pair with campâign *cámpâin
chāncellor
cháncre *shánker
chandelìêr sh-
Chandrasèkhar is much more common than Chandrasèkar
chánnel rhymes with pánel, cf. Chanél, Channél persons, both sh-
châós *kâyóss, cf. cháps
chapàti (there are some longer spellings)
chápel church = Cháppell person
cháperôn sh-
chàplain church = Cháplin person
Chappáqua
Cháppaquíddick
Cháppell = chápel; also *Shapél
chárabanc *shárabang, cf. shebáng
charàde sh- BrE; AmE charâde
cháracter cf. cáricature, both k-
Cháring Cróss
charivàri sh-
chàrlatan sh-
Chàrleston dance, city *Chàrlston
Chàrlotte Sh-
Chàrlton
Cháron = Sháron; or *Kãrən
chãry cf. chãir
Charýbdis *Kəríbdiss
chásm *kázzəm
chássis *shássy
châste virgin = châsed chase
Chátham -təm
chauffëur *shô-fër
chauvinist shô-
chêap cost = chêep bird
chêapskâte one word
chêat
Chéchnya
chéckered
chéckers game = Chéquers house (AmE chéckers is BrE dràughts [= dràfts]; AmE Chînese chéckers is BrE Chînese chéquers)
chéckpoint one word
chêek cf. chíck
chêetah
chéf sh-, cf. chìêf, ch sound: tch-
Chélsêa *Tchélsì
chémistry k-
Chèney
chéque BrE money = chéck verify, AmE money = Czéch nationality
Chér = shãre, cf. chãir
Chernóbyl
Cherokêe
chérry-píck
chérub
cherúbic
Chéryl can be Sh-
chévron sh-
cheŵ cf. words beginning tû-, which can have the same tch- sound, e.g. tûbe
*chewítion tuítion
Cheyenne *Shŷ Ánn
chèz *shây
Chháttisgarh *Cháttisgar, cf. Chándigarh
chî Greek letter χ *kî
chìc *shêek, cf. slêek, chíck
Chicàgo Shí-, à sound in both BrE and AmE
chíck chicken, Chíck person
chíckpêa one word or two
chìêf tch-, cf. chéf, sh-
chihuàhua *tchiwàwa
chîld
Chîlds surname = chîld's possessive, cf. chíldren plural
chîldbïrth one word
chíldren, plural of chîld
Chílê country = chílly cold = chílì, (mostly BrE) chíllì bean
Chílêan *Chíllìan, rhyming with Gíllìan; also *Chilèan (*Chilâyan), cf. Spanish Chileno (m.), Chilena (f.), where the e is the stressed vowel
chimêra kî-
chímney
chimpanzêe
Chîna country = chîna crockery
chîropractic k-, first syllable = Caîro
chirópody k-
chïrp
chísel -zl
Chíslehurst -zl-
Chíswick *Tchízzick
chívalry sh-
chívy or chívvy
chlamýdia kl-
Chlôê *Klôwie
chlóroform kl-
chóc chocolate = chóck wedge
chóck-a-blóck
chŏice makes a minimal pair with Jŏyce
choîr singers = quîre paper
chólera k-, cf. cóllar (minimal pair)
choléstorol k-
choôse select = cheŵs masticates
Chópin is usually pronounced like shóp plus a nasalised á; some say "Shôwpán" but this is not recommended
chŏral chorus k-, cf. córal reef
chorāle chorus k- = corrāl animals
chŏrd music = cŏrd rope, vocal
chŏrus k-
choúgh bird *chúff, cf. chúffed pleased
chòw dog, food = ciàô goodbye
chòw mêin
chr- kr- (words that sound as if they begin 'chr-' may begin tr-)
Chrís = Krís, cf. críss-cróss
Chrîst Kr-
chrísten *kríssen
Chrístian *Kríshtchən or *Krístchen cf. crýstal
Christiáne *Kristi-ánn
Christìne, though the stress can shift to Chrístine, Kr-
Chrístmas *Kríssməss
Chrístopher *Krístəfər
chrôme kr-
chrónic, chrónicle kr-
chrýsalis kríss-
chrysánthemum kríz-
chthônian, chthónic, kth-, th-
chúffed *chúft
chürch
chürn
chûte fall = shoôt gun
chútzpah *hùtspə, cf. Hótspur
ci- s-
ciàô goodbye = chòw dog, food
cicàda BrE; AmE cicâda
Cícely person = Sícily Italy
cîder
cigàr
címbalóm is perhaps the most common of several spellings, cf. cýmbal
Cincinnáti
cínema
cínnamon
Cínque Ports = sínk wash, down
cïr-
cïrca, traditionally abbreviated to c. (though not "ca.", q.v.), has become a (vogue?) word in its own right
cïrcle
cïrcuit *sërkit
circûítous
cïrcumcîse
circumcísion -zhən
circúmference cf. interfêrence
cïrcumstance
Cîrencéster
cirrhôsis, cf. psorîasis
císsy = Císsy = síssy
citâtion cf. situâtion
cîte quote = sîght see = sîte place
cítizen
Citizéndium
Cítroen ™ car = cítron lemon, making minimal pairs with cítrous
cíty
cívil
civílian: one l
cívvies
Clãir = Clãire = Clãre
clámour BrE; AmE clámor
clámpdown noun one word
clán = Klán Ku Klux
clándestîne; some say clandéstíne
clánger has the normal ng sound, rhyming with hánger, cf. ánger, *áng-ger, dânger, -njer
Clápham London = cláp ’em clap them
cláptrap one word
Clãre = Clãir = Clãire
cláret
clárify
clarinéttist BrE, AmE clarinétist
clárity
clāss
clássical music is not capitalised when referring to any period; only Clássical when referring particularly to the period between Baroque and Romantic (and not necessarily music)
clāssroom one word
clåuse words = clåws claw = Clåus Santa
claustrophôbia clós-
clêan
cléanliness
cléanse -nz
clêaver cf. cléver
Clêese -z
clërgy
cléric
clërk AmE; BrE = Clàrk = Clàrke persons
cléver
clìchè *clêeshây
clíck sound, cf. clìque gang, see below
clíckbâit
clîmb up = clîme weather
clìque *clêek; some AmE = clíck
clóckwörk one word
clôse shut = clôze test; clôse near, cul-de-sac *clôce = Clôse: Ms. Clôse's (-siz) còmpany was clôse (s) to bánkruptcy and hád to clôse (z) môst of íts óffices
clôser more -ss-, clôser end -z-
clóset -z-
clôse-up near, -ss-, cf. clôse up shut, -z-
clóstr- claustrophôbia
clóth unvoiced th
clôthe voiced th
clôthes voiced th
Cloúgh = Clúff
Clŵýd rhymes with flûíd
cô and co = Côe
côach transport, trainer
côal fuel = Côle person
coalésce *côəl-éss
coalítion *côəl-íshən
côalman coal = Côleman person
côalmine or côal mîne, but côal mîning is two words
cŏarse crude = cŏurse route, study
côast cf. cóst
côastguard one word or two
côax
cóbra or côbra
cocâine (ô or schwa; weak = Cockâigne)
cóchineal
Cockâigne (ó or schwa; weak = cocâine)
Côckburn = Côburn persons
Cóckermòuth or -məth
cóck-up
côco tree = côcoa tree, powder, drink
Côco the Clòwn
côconut or côcoanut
cocoôn
côdêine
côdicil
coêlacanth sêel- BrE, AmE cêlacanth
coërce
coërcion -sh-
CofÊ Church of England *sêeyəvêe
cóffee drink = Cóffey = Cóffee persons
cógnac *cónyák
cohábit no hyphen
Côhen *Côwen, rhymes with Ôwen
côhêre
Coìmbra *Quêenborough
coincîde, coíncídence, cô-í-, without hyphens
cojônes *cohôniz
côke fuel = Côke Coca Cola = Kôch brothers
còlander cf. cálendar
Côle person = côal burn
côleslaw is probably more common nowadays than côle slåw
Cólin, cf. Cóllins; Côlin Pòwell is an exception
colláborate
cóllàge art *cóllàzh, cf. cóllege school *cóllij
collápse
cóllar, cf. chólera *cóllara
cólleague *cólêeg
colléctable BrE, AmE colléctible
cóllege *cóllij
cóllier coal = Cóllier, Cólyer
Cóllins, cf. Cólin
collóssal
collûde
Colôgne Germany = colôgne perfume *kəlôn
Colòmbia country = Colúmbia company, British (-ló- is the Spanish and a spelling pronunciation)
Colòmbo Sri Lanka = Colúmbo TV series
côlon
cölonel army = BrE kërnel nut *kënl
colônial
colonnâde
cólonise
cólony
Coloràdo in both BrE and AmE, Có-
colorâtion or colourâtion cú-
coloratùra
còlour tint cf. cóllar neck
Colúmbia British, commercial = Colòmbia South America
Colúmbus
cólumn *cóllum
cólumnist *cólumist, though some pronounce the n
côma cf. cómma
cômb hair *kôam, cf. còme here (minimal pair)
cómbat noun, verb, combát verb; verb forms -ing and -ed may have one t or two
cómbatant or combátant
combîne verb
cómbine-hàrvester
còme
còmeback noun, adjective one word
cómedy
comeúppance one word
còmfortable -ft-
comfortably-óff
còming come = Cúmming, cf. Cúmmings, persons
cómma punctuate, cf. côma unconscious
commānd
commandêer
comménd
cómmént
commërcial
commít
commíttee
cómmonplace common one word
commûnal
cómmune noun
commûne verb
commûniquè -nikây
cómmunism
commûnity
còmpany
compãre contrast cf. cómpére (where French accent can be written: compère) host
cómparable or compárable
compárative
compárison
compàrtment
còmpass
còmpasses
compássion
cómpensâte
compensâtion
cómpére (or with written French accent compère) show, cf. compãre contrast
complâint complain
cómplement together = cómpliment praise
cómplex BrE; AmE compléx
compléxion not -ct-
complîant comply
complícit
cómpóst
cómpromîse pronounced but never written -ize, cf. prómise *prómíss
Còmpton, Cómpton
cómráde, cf. Cónrád (minimal pair), some BrE cómrâde
concêde
concentrâte cf. consént
cóncrete
concatenâtion: e, not i
cóncentrâte cf. consént
concéntric cf. consénsus
cóncept
concéptual
concërtô *cənshërto, *cənshérto or like Italian original *conchérto
concéssion
cónch shell -nch or -nk
cónch, Cónch Bahamian -nk
concörd
Cóncord
cóncrete
concússion
condémn, cf. dámn, both -m
condemnâtion ends like nâtion
condîgn -dîne
condôlences
cóndom, cóndóm
cóndŏr
condûcíve
cóndûít or -dwít; BrE was once *cóndit or *cúndit, but now regularised
cône
Côney
conféctionery
confër
conféss
conféssion -féshən
cónfidànt person BrE -dónt
cónfident adjective -dənt
Confûcian -shən
confûsion -zhən
cónger hard g
cóngeries soft g
cóngruent or congrûent
cónical make a minimal pair with chrónicle
cónifer
cóniìne -iì-
cònjure
Cónnåcht *Cónåwt
connéct
Connécticut *Cənétikət
connéction: BrE can be connéxion
connîve
connoissëur: -oi- as schwa: *connəssür
Cónor given = Cónnor family
cónquer win = cónker nut *cóngker
cónquést *cóngkwest, cf. quést
*conscient should be cónscious
consciéntious *cónshì-énshəs, *cónshénshəs
cónscious
consénsus cf. consént, cénsus, concéntric
consént cf. cóncentrâte
cónsequence cónsí-, cf. sêquence
consërvative
conservâtion
consigliérê *consíl-yãry
consístent cf. cónstant
cónsôle noun
consôle comfort
consólidate
cónsonant
cónsŏrt noun cf. cóncert, e as schwa
consŏrt verb
consŏrtium as written or -shm
conspíracy
conspírator
conspîre
cònstable
constábulary
cónstant cf. consístent
constítuency
consûme -syû-
cónsummate
cóntact noun and verb, cf. cóntract, contráct
contémptible
conténd struggle
contént happy
cóntént contain
cóntext
contéxtual
contínûùm -tínyûəm
cóntoûr
cóntract noun, contráct verb, cf. cóntact
contradíct
cóntra, cf. controvërsial, etc.
cóntrary opposed
contrãry awkward
cóntribûte or contríbûte
contribûtion
*contríbyəter contríbutor
contrôl
contrôller
controvërsial
cóntrovërsy or contróversy
conúndrum
cónvíct noun, convíct verb
cónvoy
coòk kitchen = Coòk = Coòke persons
coôlie *kûli
Coômbs = Coômbes *Cûmz
coôp
coôper = Coôper
cooperâtion côwóp-, cf. cŏrporation
coóperative côwóp-
Copenhâgen: Cô-; or -hàgen
cóps police = Kóp Liverpool
cóp-òut
cóps police = cópse wood
cópy cf. côpe
cópyédit can be one word or two
cópyrîght *cópywrîte: it’s a rîght about writing
córal
cŏr ànglâis *cŏróng-glây
cŏrd vocal, string = chŏrd music
cŏrdon
cŏre apple = cŏrps army
cŏrnea -nìə
cŏrnerstône one word
coróllary
corôna
córonary
córoner
cŏrporate
cŏrps army = cŏre apple, cf. following
cŏrpse
corrāl AmE animals; BrE = chorāle choral
corrālled
correspóndence, correspóndent (unlike French, which has -ance, -ant)
corróborate
córrugate BrE; AmE cörrugate
cóst cf. côast
Cósta Rìca, cf côast; some Americans say Côsta Rìca
côsy BrE = AmE côzy = Côsey
Côte d'Ivoire (French circumflex accent may be retained in English) *Côat-divwàr, also known as Îvory Côast
cotërminous adjective, cf. tërminus noun
Cótham Bristol *Cóttam
cóttage -íj
còuch; the surname is, however, Coûch in the names of John Couch Adams and Arthur Quiller-Couch
còuchant
couchétte *coô-shét
coûgar *coôger
cóugh *cóff
coùld rhymes with goòd
còuncil committee = còunsel advice
còuncillor
còunt
còunter noun
còunter- opposite, hyphenated: còunter-clâim, còunter-productive
còunterfeít; còunterfeíter rhymes with (ends like) fítter
coúntry *cúntry, cf. còunty and còunt, which do begin with the còw sound; "còwntry" is a common mispronunciation by foreign learners
còunty cf. coúntry
coûp d’état = coô bird
coúple rhymes with súpple (minimal pair)
coúrage; AmE can be cöurage
courâgeous
cŏurse route, study = cŏarse crude, -ss, cf. cåuse, -z, cürse, -s
cŏurt tennis, monarch, woo; BrE = cåught catch
cöurteous
cöurtesy politeness cf. cürtsey bow (minimal pair)
coúsin *cúzzen rhymes with dòzen
Cóvent Gàrden
còver
côvert, còvert, cf. ovërt
còvet -ít
Còwen = Còwan, minimal pair with Côhen
còws animals = Còwes Isle of Wight, cf. kowtòw
Coŵper = Coôper; or Còwper
Cóx = cócks
cŏyôtê BrE; AmE *kîôat
cráb = Crább = Crábbe
cráckdown noun, cráck dòwn verb
cráckpot noun one word
crâdle
crāft skill = Krāft person
cravát ('cravate' is French)
cråwl ground = Kråll person
Creâgh = Crây
crêak noise = crêek water
crêam
creâte *crêe-âte
creâtion *crêe-âshən
crêature -ch-
créche *crésh, cf. crásh, crúsh (minimal pairs)
crêdence
credéntials
crédibílity
crêed
crêek water = crêak noise
créme can have French accent: crème
créme de menthe can have French accent: crème de menthe *crémdə-mónt
Creôle (êô) = creôle
crêosote
crèpe, crépe
crescéndo -sh-
créscent *crézzənt, *créssənt
crétin
crévíce
crevásse
creŵ ship = Creŵe England
creŵ-cut
Crîchton *Crŷtən
crîme cf. crêam (minimal pair)
Crimêa *Crî-mêə
críminal
crîsís -s, pl. crîsês -z
críss-cróss, cf. Chrís, cróss
critêrion (plural critêria) crî-
crític
critìque -êek
crôak = Crôke
Crôát *Crôwát
Croâtia *Crôw-âyshə
cróc crocodile = cróck pot, old
crôchet knit *crôshây, cf. crótchet
crócodîle croissant *kwússón, French nasal -ón
Crómarty
crône
crôny
crônyism *crônêeízm
crôquèt: BrE *crôkay, AmE *crokây
crôsier, crôzier
cróss-examinâtion
cròtch genitals = crútch support
crótchet irritable, music regular pronunciation, cf. crôchèt *crôshây
crûcible
crûcifíxion *crûci-fíction
Crûickshank -ûk-
crûise = Crûz = creŵs
crúmb -m
crúmble
crúx
Crûz = crûise
crýpt
crýptic makes a minimal pair with tríptych
crýstal, t sounded (= Krístol), cf. whístle, grístle, silent t
cubewàno, from "QB1-o" (after the prototype trans-Neptunian object QB-òne *qyû-bê-wún, with ú changed to à)
cúckold
cùckoô, first syllable sounding like coòk
cûe snooker, theatre = queûe line = Keŵ Gardens
Cûi *QE
cuisìne *quizêen, cf. cóusin *cúzzən
cúl-de-sác
cúlprit
cúlt
cúm with, orgasm = còme here
Cúmmings person = còmings and goings
cúmqùat = kúmqùat
cûneífŏrm rhymes with ûniform
cúpboard rhymes with Húbbard
curaçào *curassòw
cûrate person
curâte museum
cürb stop, street = kërb BrE street
cûre-åll noun, adjective
cûrious
cürly = Cürley
cúrrant eat = cúrrent now, flow BrE; AmE cür-
currículum vìtaê
cürse cf. cŏurse
cürsed * cürst; adjective before noun may be *cürsíd
cürt blunt = Kürt person
cürtsey bow cf. cöurtesy politeness
curvâceous
cürve
cùshion cf. percússion, both -shən
cússed *cússid
cústard
cústody BrE *cústardy
cútback noun one word
cút-prîce
cútler, cútlery, light l, e as schwa (though Anne Robinson, on The Weakest Link, pronounces it with a dark l: "cúttle-ry")
cy- s-
cýclamen
cŷcle
cýclical
cŷclist
cýgnet swan = sígnet ring
cýlinder
cýmbal drums = sýmbol sign
cýnic
cýnicism
cŷnosure
cŷpher or cîpher, cf. decîpher
cŷpress tree = Cŷprus country
Cýpriot
Cýril
Cyríllic
Cŷrus
cýst
czàr or tsàr *zàr
Czéch nationality = chéck verify = BrE chéque cash