English spellings/Catalogs/C: Difference between revisions

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<center><big>
{{:English_spellings/Catalogs/Masterlist}}
'''[[English_spellings|Main Page]]  [[English_spellings/A|A]]  [[English_spellings/B|B]]  [[English_spellings/C|C]]  [[English_spellings/D|D]]  [[English_spellings/E|E]]  [[English_spellings/F|F]]  [[English_spellings/G|G]]  [[English_spellings/H|H]]  [[English_spellings/I|I]]  [[English_spellings/J|J]]  [[English_spellings/K|K]]  [[English_spellings/L|L]]  [[English_spellings/M|M]]  [[English_spellings/N|N]]  [[English_spellings/O|O]]  [[English_spellings/P|P]]  [[English_spellings/Q|Q]]  [[English_spellings/R|R]]  [[English_spellings/S|S]]  [[English_spellings/T|T]]  [[English_spellings/U|U]]  [[English_spellings/V|V]]  [[English_spellings/W|W]]  [[English_spellings/X|X]]  [[English_spellings/Y|Y]]  [[English_spellings/Z|Z]]  [[English_spellings/Apostrophe|Apostrophe]]'''
</big></center>


This page lists pronunciations of English words that begin with C. To see a different letter (or the main page) navigate with the table at the top.
'''C''' = '''sêe''' ''look''


===[[C]]===
'''c.''' = '''cïrca''' *sürka has become a journalistic vogue word, but is not normally spelt out in serious usage, being a space-saver, especially before dates, substituting for a word such as '''aròund''' ('''c. 1950'''), while the longer version "ca." is widely regarded as incorrect
'''C''' = '''sêe''' ''look''


'''cabál''' cf. '''câble
'''cabál''', '''cabàl


'''cáche''' ''arms'' = '''cásh''' ''money''
'''cáche''' ''arms'' = '''cásh''' ''money''


'''càdre''' *càder; AmE '''càdrê
'''cáddie''' ''golf'' = '''cáddy''' ''tea''
 
'''câdence'''
 
'''cadét
 
'''Cadíz''' is the traditional English pronunciation, though the Spanish stresses the first syllable


'''cáddie''' ''golf'' = '''cáddy''' ''tea''
'''càdrê''' AmE, BrE *càdə
 
'''Caêsar''' *Sêezer


'''cáfè''' can be written with a French accent: '''''café''''' *cáfây
'''cáfè''' can be written with a French accent: '''''café''''' *cáfây


'''cáfè au lâit''' also: '''''café au lait''''' *cáfâyô-lây
'''cáfè au lâit''' can be written with a French accent: '''''café au lait''''' *cáfâyô-lây


'''cáffêine'''  
'''cáffêine'''  
'''câiman''' ''crocodile'' = '''Câyman''' ''Islands''
'''cãirn


'''Caîro''' *Kŷro
'''Caîro''' *Kŷro


'''Caìus''' ''Cambridge'' = '''kêys''' ''lock''; otherwise regularly '''Caîus''', rhyming with '''Gaîus
'''Caìus''' ''Cambridge'' = '''kêys''' ''lock''; otherwise regularly '''Caîus''', rhyming with its variant '''Gaîus


'''Calcútta
'''Cálâis''' *Cállay
 
'''Calcútta''' ''old spelling'' = '''Kolkàta''' ''new'': *Cål-cútta is normally pronounced Cál-, e.g. as in '''Calcútta Cúp'''; the effect of the new spelling has been to change the pronunciation to from Cál- to Cól-


'''Caledônia
'''Caledônia
Line 36: Line 47:
'''Califŏrnia''' -nyə
'''Califŏrnia''' -nyə


'''cåll''' ''name'', ''phone'' cf. '''Cál''' ''person''
'''câliph''', '''cáliph'''; '''câliphate''', '''cáliphate''', '''calìphate'''
 
'''cåll''' ''name'', ''phone'', ''shout'' = '''cåul''' ''birth'', cf. '''Cál''' ''person''
 
'''[[James Callaghan|Cállaghán]]''': silent '''g''', *Cállahán


'''callígraphy''' -'''ll'''-, cf. '''Calígula
'''callígraphy''' -'''ll'''-, cf. '''Calígula
'''Callîopê''' = '''Kallîopê''' = '''Kallîopi


'''cállous''' ''uncaring'' = '''cállus''' ''skin'' ≈ [[Maria Callas|'''Cállas''' ''Maria'' (or '''Cállás''')]]
'''cállous''' ''uncaring'' = '''cállus''' ''skin'' ≈ [[Maria Callas|'''Cállas''' ''Maria'' (or '''Cállás''')]]


'''càlm''' -àm, BrE and AmE
'''càlm''' -àm, BrE and AmE
'''cálorie'''


'''Câmbridge  
'''Câmbridge  


'''camêllia''' or '''caméllia''' cf. '''chamaêleon''' *camêliən
'''cámel'''
 
'''camêllia''': irregular '''ê''' before double consonant, *camêlia, cf. '''chamaêleon''' *camêliən
 
'''cámera


'''cameráderie
'''cameráderie
'''Cámeron
'''Cameroôn


'''cámouflàge''' -àzh
'''cámouflàge''' -àzh
Line 58: Line 85:
'''cán''' ''able, tin'' = '''Cánnes''' ''France
'''cán''' ''able, tin'' = '''Cánnes''' ''France


'''Cânaan''' *Câynən - '''aa''' as schwa
'''cán nót ônly''': see '''cánnót
 
'''Cânaan''' *Câynən, '''aa''' as schwa


'''Cánada
'''Cánada
Line 71: Line 100:


'''canásta
'''canásta
'''Canáveral'''


'''Cánberra''' -bərə, BrE *Cámborough
'''Cánberra''' -bərə, BrE *Cámborough
Line 76: Line 107:
'''cáncer''' ''illness'' = '''Cáncer''' ''constellation''
'''cáncer''' ''illness'' = '''Cáncer''' ''constellation''


'''cándidate''' BrE -ət, AmE -'''âte
'''cándidate''' BrE -ət, AmE -'''âte''' (unsurprisingly, the AmE version is common among British broadcasters)


'''câne''' ''stick, sugar'' = '''Câin''' ''Abel''
'''câne''' ''stick, sugar'' = '''Câne''' = '''Câin''' ''Abel''  = '''Kâne''' ''Citizen'' = '''Kâine''' ''Tim''


'''cánister''' - one '''n
'''cânîne'''
 
'''cánister''': one '''n


'''cánnabis
'''cánnabis


'''cánnibal''' cf. '''Hánnibal
'''cánnibal''' rhymes with '''Hánnibal


'''cannót''' - or '''cánnot''' for emphasis, but always one word when '''nót''' is modifying '''cán''', cf. '''ít cán nót ônly…but ålsô…
'''cánnon''' = '''cánon
 
'''cannót'''; or '''cánnót''' for emphasis, but always one word when (as it usually is) '''nót''' is modifying '''cán''', cf. '''ít cán nót ônly…but ålsô…'''; cf. contracted form '''cān't


'''canoe''' -noô
'''canoe''' -noô
Line 94: Line 129:
'''cánopy''' cf. '''cánapè
'''cánopy''' cf. '''cánapè


'''cánt''' ''cliche'' = '''Kánt''' ''philosopher'', AmE '''cán’t''' ''impossible''
'''cánt''' ''cliche'' = '''Kánt''' ''philosopher'' = AmE '''cán’t''' ''impossible''


'''cantàta
'''cantàta
Line 104: Line 139:
'''câpable
'''câpable


'''Câpe Tòwn''' - two words, *Câpetown
'''Câpe Tòwn''', two words, but the first is stressed as if it were one, *Câpetown
 
'''Câpe Vërde''', '''Câpe Vërdê


'''capíllary''' BrE; AmE '''cápillãry
'''capíllary''' BrE; AmE '''cápillãry


'''cápital''' ''city'' = '''Cápitol''' ''Washington''
'''cápital''' ''city'', ''letter'' = '''cápitol''' ''legislature'' = '''Cápitol''' ''Washington'', ''Records


'''capítulate
'''capítulate


'''cappuccìno''' -chêeno
'''cappuccìno''' -chêeno
'''capsîze'''
'''cáptain''' -ptin
'''cáption''' -pshn


'''Cápricorn
'''Cápricorn


'''càr''' ''vehicle'' = '''Càrr''' = '''Kàrr''' ''persons''
'''càr''' ''vehicle'' = '''Càrr''' = '''Kàrr''' ''persons''
<nowiki>*</nowiki>cáracter is spelt '''cháracter'''; cf. '''cáricature


'''càr-lôad''' ''noun''
'''càr-lôad''' ''noun''


'''cárat''' ''gold'' = '''cárrot''' ''food''
'''cárapâce
 
'''cárat''' ''gold'' = '''cárrot''' ''food'' = '''cáret''' ''insert'' = '''kárat''' ''gold''
 
'''càrbon dióxîde
 
'''carburéttor'''


'''càrcass''' ''body'' cf. '''Carácas
'''càrcass''' ''body'' cf. '''Carácas
Line 132: Line 183:
'''cãrer
'''cãrer


'''Cãrey''' = '''Cãry''' cf. '''Kérry''' ([[minimal pair]])
'''Cãrey''' = '''Cãry''', cf. '''Kérry''' ([[minimal pair]]); '''Cãrrey''' is an irregular variant, as normally '''á''' before '''rr''' ('''cárry''')


'''Cáríbbêan''' *Cárri-bêeən (some say 'Cəríbbêən')
'''Cáríbbêan''' *Cárri-bêeən is the usual pronunciation outside the area, where some say *Cəríbbêən, and '''Rŏyal Caríbbean''' is normal


'''cáricature''' cf. '''cháracter''', both '''k'''-
'''cáricature''', AmE also '''carícature''', cf. '''cháracter''', both k-
 
'''cãries


'''Carlîsle''' ''city, person'' = '''Carlŷle''' ''person''
'''Carlîsle''' ''city, person'' = '''Carlŷle''' ''person''


'''Carnêgìê''' hard '''g
'''Càrnaby
 
'''Carnègiê''', hard '''g''' (the family pronunciation, though one often hears it echoing the stress pattern of '''Càrnaby''': '''Càrnegie'''; also '''Carnêgie''')
 
'''Càrnfŏrth'''
 
'''càrnivore
 
'''cárol''' ''Christmas'' = '''Cárol''' = '''Cárole'''
 
'''Cárolîne
 
'''Cárolýn


'''caròusal''' ''carouse'' *cəròuzəl
'''caròusal''' ''carouse'' *cəròuzəl


'''carousél''' ''round'' *carəssél
'''carousél''' ''round'' *carəssél
'''cárrom''' or '''cárom
'''cárrot''' ''vegetable'' = '''cárat''' ''gold'' = '''cáret''' ''mark''


'''cárry''' ''bring'' = '''Cárrie''' ''person''
'''cárry''' ''bring'' = '''Cárrie''' ''person''
Line 157: Line 226:


'''cásh''' ''money'' = '''cáche''' ''weapons''
'''cásh''' ''money'' = '''cáche''' ''weapons''
'''cashìer''' *cashêer


'''cáshmêre''' ''wool'' = '''Kashmìr''' ''Asia''
'''cáshmêre''' ''wool'' = '''Kashmìr''' ''Asia''
'''casìno''' makes a minimal pair with '''Cassìnì'''


'''cassàva
'''cassàva
Line 172: Line 245:
'''cásualty
'''cásualty


'''Cátalan
'''cát''' ''animal'' = '''qát''' ''drug


'''Catalônia''' - ‘Catalunya’ is Catalan
'''cátacomb''' -coôm


'''catàrrh''' *catàr, cf. '''Qátàr
'''Cátalan''': though -ən is the normal ending ('''Itálian''', '''Nigêrian'''), many speakers pronounce a strong final '''á''' in this word for some reason
 
'''cátalog''' AmE = BrE '''cátalogue'''
 
'''Catalônia'''—as for example in the title of [[George Orwell|Orwell]]'s ''Homage to Catalonia'' ('''''Catalunya''''' in [[Catalan language|Catalan]])
 
'''catàrrh''' *catàr, cf. '''Qátar


'''catástrophê
'''catástrophê
Line 182: Line 261:
'''catastróphic
'''catastróphic


'''cátchphrase''' one word   
'''cátchphrase''' is probably more common as one word   
 
[[Cate Blanchett|'''Câte''' ''Blanchett'']]; but '''Kâte''' is the usual spelling of this abbreviation of '''Cátherine''', '''Kátharine''' etc.
 
'''categórical


'''Câte''' - although '''Kâte''' is the traditional abbreviation of '''Cátherine''', '''Kátharine''', etc.
'''cátegory


'''câter
'''câter''' = '''Câtor


'''cáterpillar
'''cáterpillar
'''Cátheríne''' is the most common spelling; also '''K'''-, -'''thar'''-
'''cátholic''' = '''Cátholic''' -k
'''Cathólicism''' -sism


'''cáttle''' ''cows'' cf. '''kéttle''' ''boil'' ([[minimal pair]])
'''cáttle''' ''cows'' cf. '''kéttle''' ''boil'' ([[minimal pair]])
Line 195: Line 284:


'''cåught''' ''catch'' = BrE '''cŏurt''' ''tennis, law
'''cåught''' ''catch'' = BrE '''cŏurt''' ''tennis, law
'''cåul''' ''birth'' = '''cåll''' ''name, phone, shout
'''cåuldron''' or '''cåldron'''


'''cauliflòur''' *cóllyflower
'''cauliflòur''' *cóllyflower
Line 204: Line 297:
'''cavalìêr
'''cavalìêr


'''cávêát
'''cávêát''' (or '''a''' as [[schwa]])
 
'''Cávendish'''
 
'''Câyman''' ''Islands'' = '''câiman''' ''crocodile''
 
'''ce'''- mostly s-
 
'''cêase''' ''stop'' *sêess, [[minimal pair]] with '''sêize''' ''hold


'''cêase''' ''stop'' *sêess, cf. '''sêize''' ''hold
'''cêased''' rhymes and makes a minimal pair with '''êast


'''cêasefîre''' (no need to hyphenate)
'''cêasefîre''' (no need to hyphenate)
Line 216: Line 317:
'''cêiling''' ''floor'' = '''sêaling''' ''shutting
'''cêiling''' ''floor'' = '''sêaling''' ''shutting


'''centrífugal''' s-
'''célebrâte''' s-


'''célebrâte
'''celébrity''' s-


'''celébrity
'''célibate''' s-
 
'''célibate


'''céll''' ''prison, biology'' = '''séll''' ''money
'''céll''' ''prison, biology'' = '''séll''' ''money
Line 228: Line 327:
'''céllar''' ''wine'' = '''séller''' ''sales
'''céllar''' ''wine'' = '''séller''' ''sales


'''céllo ch'''-
'''céllo''' tch-


'''Céltic''' or '''céltic''' ''civilisation'' '''K'''-, cf. '''Céltic''', '''S'''- ''football club''
'''céllophane''' s-, cf. '''sêal''', '''séllotape


'''cémetery''' *sémətry, not -ary
'''Céltic''' or '''céltic''' ''civilisation'' K-; '''Céltic'''  ''football club'' S-
 
'''cémetery''' BrE -try, AmE -téry: not spelt -ary


'''cénsor''' ''censorship'' = '''sénsor''' ''feel'' ≈ '''cénsure''' ''blame
'''cénsor''' ''censorship'' = '''sénsor''' ''feel'' ≈ '''cénsure''' ''blame


'''cént''' ''money'' = '''sént''' ''send'' = '''scént''' ''perfume
'''cént''' ''money'' = '''sént''' ''send'' = '''scént''' ''perfume
'''centênary'''


'''céntral''' s-
'''céntral''' s-


'''céntre''' s- BrE, AmE '''cénter
'''céntre''' s- BrE, AmE '''cénter'''; past: BrE '''céntred''' = AmE '''céntered'''
 
'''céntre-léft''', '''céntre-rîght''' ''politics'', [[hyphen]]


'''centrífugal''' or '''céntrifugal
'''centrífugal''' or '''céntrifugal
Line 247: Line 352:


'''céntrist''' s-
'''céntrist''' s-
'''céntury''' is not automatically capitalised after an ordinal: '''20th céntury


'''cêreal''' ''cornflakes'' = '''sêrial''' ''series
'''cêreal''' ''cornflakes'' = '''sêrial''' ''series
Line 252: Line 359:
'''cérebral''' s- BrE; AmE '''cerêbral
'''cérebral''' s- BrE; AmE '''cerêbral


'''Ceres''' ''planet'' *Sírêez, cf. '''Sírius''' ''star'', '''seríes''' ''string
'''Cêrês''' ''planet'' makes a [[minimal pair]] with '''sêríes''' ''string'', or '''Céres''', cf. '''Sírius''' ''star''


'''céremony''' s-
'''céremony''' s-


'''cërvical''' s- or '''cervîcal
'''Céri''' (from Welsh) = '''Kérry'''
 
'''certíficate''' -ət
 
'''cërtify'''
 
'''cërvical''' s- (some say '''cervîcal''')


'''cesãrian''' cf. '''Caêsar''', both '''s'''-
'''cesãrian''' cf. '''Caêsar''', both s-


'''césspit''' one word  
'''césspit''' one word  
Line 264: Line 377:
'''césspool''' one word  
'''césspool''' one word  


'''ch'''- mostly tch-; sh- where stated
'''cf.''' ''compare'' *cêe-éff
 
'''ch'''- tch- unless otherwise stated; sh-, often from French, where stated


'''chà''' ''tea'' - or '''chàr''' as other meanings
'''chà''' ''tea''


'''chà-chà''' or '''cha-cha-chà''' ''dance''
'''chà-chà''' or '''cha-cha-chà''' ''dance''
Line 272: Line 387:
'''Chádian''' *Cháddian
'''Chádian''' *Cháddian


'''chãir''' ''sit'' = '''Chér''' ''person
'''chádŏr
 
'''Châffetz''' ''Jason''
 
'''cháffinch'''
 
'''chágrín''' sh- BrE; AmE *shəgrêen
 
'''chãir''' ''sit'' makes a [[minimal pair]] with '''shãre''' ''divide'' and '''Chér''' ''person''


'''chaise lóngue''' *shézz-lóng
'''chaise lóngue''' *shézz-lóng


'''chágrín sh'''- BrE; AmE *shəgrêen
'''chamaêleon''' k-; AmE -'''mêl'''- = '''[[Chamaeleon|Chamaêleon]]''' ''constellation'', cf. '''camêlia''', where -'''n''' is the only extra sound (a [[minimal pair]])


'''chamaêleon k'''-; AmE -'''mêl'''-, cf. '''camêlia''', -'''n''' is the only extra sound (a [[minimal pair]])
'''châmber''' cf. '''Châmbers''' ''person


'''châmber tsh'''-, cf. '''Châmbers''' ''person
'''chámois''' *shámwà
 
'''Champâgne''' ''France'', ''drink'' = '''Champaîgn''' ''Illinois'' *shámpâin; they make a [[minimal pair]] with '''campâign''' *cámpâin


'''chámois''' *shámwà
'''chāncellor


'''champâgne''' *shámpâin, cf. '''campâign''' *cámpâin (no capital '''c''' for the drink in BrE)
'''cháncre''' *shánker


'''chandelìêr''' sh-
'''chandelìêr''' sh-


'''Chandrasèkhar
'''Chandrasèkhar''' is much more common than '''Chandrasèkar'''


'''chánnel''' ''rhymes with'' '''pánel''', cf. '''Chanél''', '''Cahnnél''' ''persons''
'''chánnel''' ''rhymes with'' '''pánel''', cf. '''Chanél''', '''Channél''' ''persons'', both sh-


'''châós''' *kâyóss
'''châós''' *kâyóss, cf. '''cháps
 
'''chapàti''' (there are some longer spellings)


'''chápel''' ''church'' = '''Cháppell''' ''person
'''chápel''' ''church'' = '''Cháppell''' ''person
Line 299: Line 426:


'''chàplain''' ''church'' = '''Cháplin''' ''person
'''chàplain''' ''church'' = '''Cháplin''' ''person
'''Chappáqua'''
'''Cháppaquíddick'''
'''Cháppell''' = '''chápel'''; also *Shapél


'''chárabanc''' *shárabang, cf. '''shebáng
'''chárabanc''' *shárabang, cf. '''shebáng


'''charàde sh'''- BrE; AmE '''charâde
'''charàde''' sh- BrE; AmE '''charâde


'''cháracter''' k-
'''cháracter''' cf. '''cáricature''', both k-
 
'''Cháring Cróss'''


'''charivàri''' sh-
'''charivàri''' sh-
Line 310: Line 445:
'''chàrlatan''' sh-
'''chàrlatan''' sh-


'''Chàrlotte Sh'''-
'''Chàrleston''' ''dance, city'' *Chàrlston
 
'''Chàrlotte''' Sh-
 
'''Chàrlton
 
'''Cháron''' = '''Sháron'''; or *Kãrən
 
'''chãry''' cf. '''chãir
 
'''Charýbdis''' *Kəríbdiss


'''chásm''' *kázzəm  
'''chásm''' *kázzəm  
Line 320: Line 465:
'''Chátham''' -təm
'''Chátham''' -təm


'''chauffëur''' *shôfër
'''chauffëur''' *shô-fër


'''chauvinist''' shô-
'''chauvinist''' shô-


'''chêap''' ''cost'' = '''chêep''' ''bird''  both '''tsh'''-
'''chêap''' ''cost'' = '''chêep''' ''bird''   


'''chêapskâte''' one word  
'''chêapskâte''' one word  


'''chêat''' tsh-
'''chêat'''  
 
'''Chéchnya'''


'''Chéchnya''' Tsh-
'''chéckered
 
'''chéckers''' ''game'' = '''Chéquers''' ''house'' (AmE '''chéckers''' is BrE '''dràughts''' [= '''dràfts''']; AmE '''Chînese chéckers''' is BrE '''Chînese chéquers''')


'''chéckpoint''' one word  
'''chéckpoint''' one word  


'''chêetah''' tsh-
'''chêek''' cf. '''chíck
 
'''chêetah'''  
 
'''chéf''' sh-, cf. '''chìêf''', '''ch''' sound: tch-
 
'''Chélsêa''' *Tchélsì
 
'''chémistry''' k-
 
'''Chèney
 
'''chéque''' ''[[British English|BrE]] money''  = '''chéck''' ''verify, [[American English|AmE]] money'' = '''Czéch''' ''nationality
 
'''Chér''' = '''shãre''', cf. '''chãir'''
 
'''Chernóbyl


'''chéf''' sh-, cf. '''chìêf''', '''ch''' ''sound
'''Cherokêe'''  


'''Chélsêa''' *Tshélsì
'''chérry-píck'''  


'''chéque''' ''money'' tsh-; BrE = '''chéck''' ''verify'', '''Czéch''' ''nationality
'''chérub'''  


'''Cherokêe''' Tsh-
'''cherúbic'''


'''chérry-píck''' -tsh
'''Chéryl''' can be Sh-


'''chévron''' -sh
'''chévron''' sh-


'''cheŵ tsh'''-; cf. words beginning '''tû-
'''cheŵ''' cf. words beginning '''tû-''', which can have the same tch- sound, e.g. '''tûbe
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki>chewítion '''tuítion
 
'''Cheyenne''' *Shŷ Ánn


'''chèz''' *shây
'''chèz''' *shây


'''chìc''' sh-
'''Chháttisgarh''' *Cháttisgar, cf. '''Chándigarh'''


'''Chicàgo''' Shí-, '''à''' in both BrE and AmE
'''chî''' ''Greek letter χ'' *kî


'''chíck  
'''chìc''' *shêek, cf. '''slêek''', '''chíck'''


'''chìêf''' tsh-, cf. '''chéf''', '''sh'''-
'''Chicàgo''' Shí-, '''à''' sound in both BrE and AmE


'''chihuàhua''' *tshiwàwa
'''chíck''' ''chicken'', '''Chíck''' ''person''


'''chîld''' ''singular'' '''tsh'''-
'''chíckpêa''' one word or two
 
'''chìêf''' tch-, cf. '''chéf''', sh-
 
'''chihuàhua''' *tchiwàwa
 
'''chîld'''
 
'''Chîlds''' ''surname'' = '''chîld's''' ''possessive'', cf. '''chíldren''' ''plural''


'''chîldbïrth''' one word  
'''chîldbïrth''' one word  


'''chíldren''' ''plural'' tsh-
'''chíldren''', plural of '''chîld'''


'''Chílê''' ''country'' tsh-, = '''chílì''' or '''chíllì''' ''bean'' = '''chílly''' ''cold
'''Chílê''' ''country'' = '''chílly''' ''cold'' = '''chílì''', (mostly BrE) '''chíllì''' ''bean''


'''Chílêan''' Tsh-
'''Chílêan''' *Chíllìan, rhyming with '''Gíllìan'''; also *Chilèan (*Chilâyan), cf. Spanish '''''Chileno''''' (m.), '''''Chilena''''' (f.), where the '''''e''''' is the stressed vowel


'''chimêra''' kî-
'''chimêra''' kî-


'''chímney''' tsh-  
'''chímney'''  
 
'''chimpanzêe'''
 
'''Chîna''' ''country'' = '''chîna''' ''crockery
 
'''chîropractic''' k-, first syllable = '''Caîro


'''Chíswick''' *Chízzick
'''chirópody''' k-
 
'''chïrp'''
 
'''chísel''' -zl
 
'''Chíslehurst''' -zl-
 
'''Chíswick''' *Tchízzick


'''chívalry''' sh-
'''chívalry''' sh-


'''chívy''' or '''chívvy '''tsh-
'''chívy''' or '''chívvy'''  


'''chlamýdia''' kl-
'''chlamýdia''' kl-
Line 388: Line 579:
'''chlóroform''' kl-  
'''chlóroform''' kl-  


'''chóc''' ''chocolate'' '''tsh'''- = '''chóck''' ''wedge  
'''chóc''' ''chocolate'' = '''chóck''' ''wedge  


'''chóck-a-blóck
'''chóck-a-blóck
'''chŏice''' makes a [[minimal pair]] with '''Jŏyce'''


'''choîr''' ''singers'' = '''quîre''' ''paper
'''choîr''' ''singers'' = '''quîre''' ''paper


'''chólera''' k-, cf. '''cóllar
'''chólera''' k-, cf. '''cóllar''' ([[minimal pair]])


'''choléstorol''' k-
'''choléstorol''' k-


'''choôse''' ''select'' = '''cheŵs''' ''masticates
'''choôse''' ''select'' = '''cheŵs''' ''masticates
'''Chópin''' is usually pronounced like '''shóp''' plus a nasalised '''á'''; some say "Shôwpán" but this is not recommended
'''chŏral''' ''chorus'' k-, cf. '''córal''' ''reef''
'''chorāle''' ''chorus'' k- = '''corrāl''' ''animals


'''chŏrd''' ''music'' = '''cŏrd''' ''rope, vocal
'''chŏrd''' ''music'' = '''cŏrd''' ''rope, vocal
Line 404: Line 603:
'''chŏrus''' k-
'''chŏrus''' k-


'''chòw miên
'''choúgh''' ''bird'' *chúff, cf. '''chúffed''' ''pleased''
 
'''chòw''' ''dog, food'' = '''ciàô''' ''goodbye
 
'''chòw mêin'''
 
'''chr'''- kr- (words that sound as if they begin 'chr-' may begin '''tr'''-)
 
'''Chrís''' = '''Krís''', cf. '''críss-cróss'''


'''Chrîst''' Kr-
'''Chrîst''' Kr-
Line 410: Line 617:
'''chrísten''' *kríssen
'''chrísten''' *kríssen


'''Chrístian''' *Kríshtchən, or *Krístchen cf. '''crýstal
'''Chrístian''' *Kríshtchən or *Krístchen cf. '''crýstal
 
'''Christiáne''' *Kristi-ánn
 
'''Christìne''', though the stress can shift to '''Chrístine''', Kr-


'''Chrístmas''' *Kríssməss
'''Chrístmas''' *Kríssməss


'''Chrístopher''' *Krístəfə
'''Chrístopher''' *Krístəfər


'''chrôme''' kr-
'''chrôme''' kr-


'''chrónic''' kr-
'''chrónic''', '''chrónicle''' kr-
 
'''chrýsalis''' kríss-


'''chrysánthemum''' kríz-
'''chrysánthemum''' kríz-


'''chûte''' ''fall'' sh-; = '''shoôt''' ''gun
'''chthônian''', '''chthónic''', kth-, th-
 
'''chúffed''' *chúft
 
'''chürch
 
'''chürn
 
'''chûte''' ''fall'' = '''shoôt''' ''gun


'''chútzpah''' *hùtspə, cf. '''Hótspur
'''chútzpah''' *hùtspə, cf. '''Hótspur


'''ci'''- s-
'''ci'''- s-
'''ciàô''' ''goodbye'' = '''chòw''' ''dog, food''
'''cicàda''' BrE; AmE '''cicâda'''


'''Cícely''' ''person'' = '''Sícily''' ''Italy
'''Cícely''' ''person'' = '''Sícily''' ''Italy
Line 433: Line 658:


'''cigàr
'''cigàr
'''címbalóm''' is perhaps the most common of several spellings, cf. '''cýmbal
'''Cincinnáti


'''cínema
'''cínema


'''cínnamon
'''cínnamon
'''Cínque''' ''Ports'' = '''sínk''' ''wash, down
'''cïr'''-
'''cïrca''', traditionally abbreviated to '''c.''' (though not "ca.", q.v.), has become a (vogue?) word in its own right


'''cïrcle
'''cïrcle
Line 442: Line 677:
'''cïrcuit''' *sërkit
'''cïrcuit''' *sërkit


'''circûítous''' s-
'''circûítous'''  
 
'''cïrcumcîse'''


'''cïrcumcîse''' sër-
'''circumcísion''' -zhən


'''circumcísion''' s-; -zhən
'''circúmference''' cf. '''interfêrence


'''cïrcumstance''' s-
'''cïrcumstance'''  


'''císsy''' ''weak'' = '''Císsy''' ''person'' = '''síssy''' ''weak
'''Cîrencéster'''
 
'''cirrhôsis''', cf. '''psorîasis'''
 
'''císsy''' = '''Císsy''' = '''síssy'''  


'''citâtion''' cf. '''situâtion
'''citâtion''' cf. '''situâtion
Line 456: Line 697:
'''cîte''' ''quote'' = '''sîght''' ''see'' = '''sîte''' ''place
'''cîte''' ''quote'' = '''sîght''' ''see'' = '''sîte''' ''place


'''Cítroen''' ™ ''car'' = '''cítron''' ''lemon
'''cítizen


'''cíty''' s-
'''Citizéndium


'''cívil''' s-
'''Cítroen''' ™ ''car'' = '''cítron''' ''lemon'', making [[minimal pair]]s with '''cítrous


'''civílian''' s-; ''one l
'''cíty'''  


'''clándestîne'''; some say '''clandéstíne
'''cívil'''  
 
'''civílian''': one '''l
 
'''cívvies


'''Clãir''' = '''Clãire''' = '''Clãre
'''Clãir''' = '''Clãire''' = '''Clãre


'''clámour''' - AmE ''clámor
'''clámour''' BrE; AmE '''clámor
 
'''clámpdown''' ''noun'' one word
 
'''clán''' = '''Klán''' ''Ku Klux
 
'''clándestîne'''; some say '''clandéstíne


'''clánger''' ''normal'' '''ng''' ''sound, rhyming with'' '''hánger''', cf. '''ánger''', '''áng-ger''', '''dânger''', -'''njer
'''clánger''' has the normal '''ng''' sound, rhyming with '''hánger''', cf. '''ánger''', *áng-ger, '''dânger''', -njer


'''Clápham''' ''London'' = '''cláp ’em''' ''clap them
'''Clápham''' ''London'' = '''cláp ’em''' ''clap them
Line 476: Line 727:
'''cláptrap''' one word  
'''cláptrap''' one word  


'''cláret''' cf. '''Clãre
'''Clãre''' = '''Clãir''' = '''Clãire'''
 
'''cláret'''  
 
'''clárify
 
'''clarinéttist''' BrE, AmE '''clarinétist'''
 
'''clárity
 
'''clāss'''
 
'''clássical''' ''music'' is not capitalised when referring to any period; only '''Clássical''' when referring particularly to the period between Baroque and Romantic (and not necessarily music)


'''clāssroom''' one word  
'''clāssroom''' one word  
Line 482: Line 745:
'''clåuse''' ''words'' = '''clåws''' ''claw'' = '''Clåus''' ''Santa
'''clåuse''' ''words'' = '''clåws''' ''claw'' = '''Clåus''' ''Santa


'''claustrophôbia clós'''-
'''claustrophôbia''' clós-


'''clêan
'''clêan
Line 488: Line 751:
'''cléanliness  
'''cléanliness  


'''cléanse''' -'''nz
'''cléanse''' -nz
 
'''clêaver''' cf. '''cléver
 
'''[[Monty Python|Clêese]]''' -z


'''clërgy
'''clërgy
Line 495: Line 762:


'''clërk''' AmE; BrE = '''Clàrk''' = '''Clàrke''' ''persons
'''clërk''' AmE; BrE = '''Clàrk''' = '''Clàrke''' ''persons
'''cléver'''


'''clìchè''' *clêeshây
'''clìchè''' *clêeshây
'''clíck''' ''sound'', cf. '''clìque''' ''gang'', see below
'''clíckbâit'''


'''clîmb''' ''up'' = '''clîme''' ''weather
'''clîmb''' ''up'' = '''clîme''' ''weather


'''clìque''' *clêek, cf. '''clíck
'''clìque''' *clêek; some AmE = '''clíck


'''clóckwörk''' one word  
'''clóckwörk''' one word  


'''clôse''' ''shut'' = '''clôze''' ''test''  
'''clôse''' ''shut'' = '''clôze''' ''test''; '''clôse''' ''near, cul-de-sac'' *clôce = '''Clôse''': '''Ms. Clôse's''' (-siz) '''còmpany was clôse''' (s) '''to bánkruptcy and hád to clôse''' (z) '''môst of íts óffices'''


'''clôse''' ''near, cul-de-sac'' *clôce
'''clôser''' ''more'' -ss-, '''clôser''' ''end'' -z-


'''clôser''' ''end'' -z-
'''clóset''' -z-


'''clôser''' ''more'' -'''s'''-
'''clôse-up''' ''near'', -ss-, cf. '''clôse up''' ''shut'', -z-


'''clôse-up''' ''near'', -'''ss'''-, cf. '''clôse up''' ''shut'', -'''z'''-
clóstr- '''claustrophôbia


'''clóth''' unvoiced '''th
'''clóth''' unvoiced '''th
Line 519: Line 792:


'''clôthes''' voiced '''th
'''clôthes''' voiced '''th
'''Cloúgh''' = '''Clúff
'''Clŵýd''' rhymes with '''flûíd
'''cô''' ''and co'' = '''Côe


'''côach''' ''transport, trainer
'''côach''' ''transport, trainer


'''côalésce
'''côal''' ''fuel'' = '''Côle''' ''person


'''cŏarse''' ''rough'' = '''cŏurse''' ''sport, eduation
'''coalésce''' *côəl-éss


'''côal''' ''mine'' = '''Côle''' ''person
'''coalítion''' *côəl-íshən


'''côalman''' ''coal'' = '''Côleman''' ''person
'''côalman''' ''coal'' = '''Côleman''' ''person
'''côalmine''' or '''côal mîne''', but '''côal mîning''' is two words


'''cŏarse''' ''crude'' = '''cŏurse''' ''route, study
'''cŏarse''' ''crude'' = '''cŏurse''' ''route, study
Line 534: Line 815:
'''côast''' cf. '''cóst
'''côast''' cf. '''cóst


'''côastguard''' one word  
'''côastguard''' one word or two


'''côax  
'''côax  


'''cóbra''' or '''côbra
'''cóbra''' or '''côbra
'''cocâine''' ('''ô''' or schwa; weak = '''Cockâigne''')


'''cóchineal
'''cóchineal
'''Cockâigne''' ('''ó''' or schwa; weak = '''cocâine''')


'''Côckburn''' = '''Côburn''' ''persons
'''Côckburn''' = '''Côburn''' ''persons
'''Cóckermòuth''' or -məth


'''cóck-up
'''cóck-up
'''côco''' ''tree'' = '''côcoa''' ''tree, powder, drink
'''Côco the Clòwn


'''côconut''' or '''côcoanut
'''côconut''' or '''côcoanut
Line 554: Line 845:
'''côdicil
'''côdicil


'''coêlacanth sêel'''-, AmE '''cêlacanth
'''coêlacanth''' sêel- BrE, AmE '''cêlacanth


'''coërce
'''coërce
'''coërcion''' -sh-


'''CofÊ''' ''Church of England'' *sêeyəvêe
'''CofÊ''' ''Church of England'' *sêeyəvêe


'''cóffee''' *cóffy
'''cóffee''' ''drink'' = '''Cóffey''' = '''Cóffee''' ''persons


'''cógnac''' *cónyák
'''cógnac''' *cónyák


'''Côhen''' *Côwen, ''rhymes with'' '''Ôwen
'''cohábit''' no hyphen


'''côíncidence''' ''no hyphen
'''Côhen''' *Côwen, rhymes with '''Ôwen


'''côhêre  
'''côhêre  
'''Coìmbra''' *Quêenborough
'''coincîde''', '''coíncídence''', cô-í-, without hyphens
'''cojônes''' *cohôniz
'''côke''' ''fuel'' = '''Côke''' ''Coca Cola'' = '''Kôch''' ''brothers''


'''còlander''' cf. '''cálendar
'''còlander''' cf. '''cálendar
Line 574: Line 875:
'''Côle''' ''person'' = '''côal''' ''burn
'''Côle''' ''person'' = '''côal''' ''burn


'''Cólin
'''[[coleslaw|côleslaw]]''' is probably more common nowadays than '''côle slåw
 
'''Cólin''', cf. '''Cóllins'''; '''[[Colin Powell|Côlin Pòwell]]''' is an exception


'''colláborate
'''colláborate
Line 582: Line 885:
'''collápse
'''collápse


'''cóllar''' cf. '''chólera''' *cóllara
'''cóllar''', cf. '''chólera''' *cóllara


'''Cóllins
'''cólleague''' *cólêeg
 
'''colléctable''' BrE, AmE '''colléctible
 
'''cóllege''' *cóllij
 
'''cóllier''' ''coal'' = '''Cóllier''', '''Cólyer'''
 
'''Cóllins''', cf. '''Cólin


'''collóssal
'''collóssal
Line 590: Line 901:
'''collûde
'''collûde


'''Colôgne''' ''Germany'' = '''colôgne''' ''perfume'' *kəlôan
'''Colôgne''' ''Germany'' = '''colôgne''' ''perfume'' *kəlôn


'''Colòmbia''' ''country'' = '''Colúmbia''' ''British, company''; or '''ó'''
'''Colòmbia''' ''country'' = '''Colúmbia''' ''company, [[British Columbia|British]]'' (-'''ló'''- is the Spanish and a [[spelling pronunciation]])


'''Colòmbo
'''Colòmbo''' ''Sri Lanka'' = '''Colúmbo''' ''TV series


'''côlon
'''côlon


'''cölonel''' ''army'' = BrE '''kërnel''' ''nut''
'''cölonel''' ''army'' = BrE '''kërnel''' ''nut'' *kënl


'''colônial
'''colônial
Line 608: Line 919:
'''cólony  
'''cólony  


'''Coloràdo''' in both BrE and AmE
'''Coloràdo''' in both BrE and AmE, '''Có'''-


'''colorâtion''' or '''colourâtion cú'''-
'''colorâtion''' or '''colourâtion''' cú-


'''coloratùra
'''coloratùra


'''còlour''' ''tint'' cf. '''cóllar''' ''neck
'''còlour''' ''tint'' cf. '''cóllar''' ''neck
'''Colúmbia''' ''British, commercial'' = '''Colòmbia''' ''South America


'''Colúmbus
'''Colúmbus
Line 620: Line 933:
'''cólumn''' *cóllum
'''cólumn''' *cóllum


'''cólumnist''' *cólumist - though some pronounce the '''n
'''cólumnist''' *cólumist, though some pronounce the '''n


'''côma''' cf. '''cómma
'''côma''' cf. '''cómma


'''cômb''' ''hair'' *kôam, cf. '''còme''' ''here ([[minimal pair]])
'''cômb''' ''hair'' *kôam, cf. '''còme''' ''here'' ([[minimal pair]])


'''cómbat
'''cómbat''' ''noun, verb'', '''combát''' ''verb''; verb forms -'''ing''' and -'''ed''' may have one '''t''' or two


'''cómbatant''' or '''combátant
'''cómbatant''' or '''combátant
'''combîne''' ''verb
'''cómbine-hàrvester
'''còme'''
'''còmeback''' ''noun, adjective'' one word


'''cómedy
'''cómedy
Line 637: Line 958:


'''comfortably-óff'''  
'''comfortably-óff'''  
'''còming''' ''come'' = '''Cúmming''', cf. '''Cúmmings''', ''persons


'''cómma''' ''punctuate'', cf. '''côma''' ''unconscious
'''cómma''' ''punctuate'', cf. '''côma''' ''unconscious


'''cómment
'''commānd
 
'''commandêer
 
'''comménd
 
'''cómmént


'''commërcial
'''commërcial
Line 647: Line 976:


'''commíttee
'''commíttee
'''cómmonplace''' ''common'' one word


'''commûnal
'''commûnal
Line 653: Line 984:


'''commûne''' ''verb
'''commûne''' ''verb
'''commûniquè''' -nikây


'''cómmunism  
'''cómmunism  
Line 669: Line 1,002:


'''compàrtment
'''compàrtment
'''còmpass'''
'''còmpasses'''
'''compássion


'''cómpensâte
'''cómpensâte
Line 686: Line 1,025:
'''complîant''' ''comply''
'''complîant''' ''comply''


'''cómpromîse''' ''pronounced but never written'' -ize, cf. '''prómise''' *prómíss
'''complícit


'''cómrâde''' BrE; AmE '''cómráde''', cf. '''Cónrád
'''cómpóst
 
'''cómpromîse''' pronounced but never written -ize, cf. '''prómise''' *prómíss
 
'''Còmpton''', '''Cómpton'''
 
'''[[Ivy Compton-Burnett|Còmpton-Bürnett]]'''
 
'''cómráde''', cf. '''Cónrád''' ([[minimal pair]]), some BrE '''cómrâde'''
 
'''[[Conakry|Cónakry]]


'''concêde  
'''concêde  
Line 696: Line 1,045:
'''cóncrete  
'''cóncrete  


'''concatenâtion''' - e, not i  
'''concatenâtion''': '''e''', not i  


'''cóncentrâte''' cf. '''consént
'''cóncentrâte''' cf. '''consént
Line 706: Line 1,055:
'''concéptual
'''concéptual


'''concërtô''' *cənshërto, *cənshérto
'''concërtô''' *cənshërto, *cənshérto or like Italian original *conchérto
 
'''concéssion
 
'''cónch''' ''shell'' -nch or -nk
 
'''cónch''', '''Cónch''' ''Bahamian'' -nk


'''concörd
'''concörd


'''Cóncord
'''Cóncord
'''cóncrete
'''concússion
'''condémn''', cf. '''dámn''', both -'''m
'''condemnâtion''' ends like '''nâtion


'''condîgn''' -dîne
'''condîgn''' -dîne


'''cóndom  
'''condôlences'''
 
'''cóndom''', '''cóndóm'''


'''cóndŏr  
'''cóndŏr  
Line 720: Line 1,085:
'''condûcíve
'''condûcíve


'''cóndûít''' or -dwít - BrE was *cóndit or *cúndit, but now regularised
'''cóndûít''' or -dwít; BrE was once *cóndit or *cúndit, but now regularised
 
'''cône'''
 
'''Côney
 
'''conféctionery'''
 
'''confër


'''conféss
'''conféss
Line 726: Line 1,099:
'''conféssion''' -féshən
'''conféssion''' -féshən


'''cónfidant''' ''person'' -dónt
'''cónfidànt''' ''person'' BrE -dónt


'''cónfident''' ''adjective'' -dənt
'''cónfident''' ''adjective'' -dənt
Line 734: Line 1,107:
'''confûsion''' -zhən
'''confûsion''' -zhən


'''cónger''' ''hard g
'''cónger''' hard '''g
 
'''cóngeries''' soft '''g
 
'''cóngruent''' or '''congrûent
 
'''cónical''' make a minimal pair with '''chrónicle'''


'''cóngeries''' soft g
'''cónifer'''


'''cóniìne''' -'''iì'''-
'''cóniìne''' -'''iì'''-


'''Cónnacht''' *Cónåwt
'''cònjure
 
'''Cónnåcht''' *Cónåwt


'''connéct
'''connéct
Line 746: Line 1,127:
'''Connécticut''' *Cənétikət  
'''Connécticut''' *Cənétikət  


'''connéction''' BrE can be '''connéxion
'''connéction''': BrE can be '''connéxion


'''connîve
'''connîve


'''connoissëur''' -'''oi'''- as schwa: *connəssür
'''connoissëur''': -'''oi'''- as schwa: *connəssür


'''cónquer''' ''win'' = '''cónker''' ''nut
'''Cónor''' ''given'' = '''Cónnor''' ''family''


'''cónquest''' cf. '''quést
'''cónquer''' ''win'' = '''cónker''' ''nut'' *cóngker
 
'''cónquést''' *cóngkwest, cf. '''quést'''
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki>conscient should be '''cónscious
 
'''consciéntious''' *cónshì-énshəs, *cónshénshəs


'''cónscious
'''cónscious


'''consénsus''' cf. '''cénsus  
'''consénsus''' cf. '''consént''', '''cénsus''', '''concéntric


'''consént''' cf. '''concentrâte
'''consént''' cf. '''cóncentrâte
 
'''cónsequence''' cónsí-, cf. '''sêquence


'''consërvative
'''consërvative
Line 767: Line 1,156:


'''consigliérê''' *consíl-yãry
'''consigliérê''' *consíl-yãry
'''consístent''' cf. '''cónstant


'''cónsôle''' ''noun
'''cónsôle''' ''noun
Line 773: Line 1,164:


'''consólidate
'''consólidate
'''cónsonant


'''cónsŏrt''' ''noun'' cf. '''cóncert''', '''e''' as schwa
'''cónsŏrt''' ''noun'' cf. '''cóncert''', '''e''' as schwa


'''consŏrt''' ''verb
'''consŏrt''' ''verb
'''consŏrtium''' as written or -shm
'''conspíracy


'''conspírator
'''conspírator


'''conspîre
'''conspîre
'''cònstable


'''constábulary
'''constábulary
'''cónstant''' cf. '''consístent'''


'''constítuency
'''constítuency


'''consûme''' -syû-  
'''consûme''' -syû-  
'''cónsummate
'''cóntact''' ''noun and verb'', cf. '''cóntract''', '''contráct


'''contémptible
'''contémptible
'''conténd''' ''struggle''
'''contént''' ''happy
'''cóntént''' ''contain


'''cóntext
'''cóntext
Line 794: Line 1,205:
'''contéxtual
'''contéxtual


'''contínûùm''' -nyû-
'''contínûùm''' -tínyûəm
 
'''cóntoûr
 
'''cóntract''' ''noun'', '''contráct''' ''verb'', cf. '''cóntact
 
'''contradíct
 
'''cóntra''', cf. '''controvërsial''', etc.


'''cóntrary''' ''opposed
'''cóntrary''' ''opposed
Line 804: Line 1,223:
'''contribûtion
'''contribûtion


'''contríbutor
<nowiki>*contríbyəter</nowiki> '''contríbutor'''


'''contrôl
'''contrôl


'''contradíct
'''contrôller
 
'''controvërsial
 
'''cóntrovërsy''' or '''contróversy'''


'''contríbute
'''conúndrum


'''cóntribûtion
'''cónvíct''' ''noun'', '''convíct''' ''verb''


'''cóntrovërsy''' or '''contróversy''' - controvërsial?
'''cónvoy


'''coòk''' ''kitchen'' = '''Coòk''' = '''Coòke''' ''persons
'''coòk''' ''kitchen'' = '''Coòk''' = '''Coòke''' ''persons


'''Coômbs''' = '''Coômbes''' *Coûmz
'''coôlie''' *kûli
 
'''Coômbs''' = '''Coômbes''' *Cûmz
 
'''coôp'''
 
'''coôper''' = '''Coôper'''


'''cooperâtion''' côwóp-, cf. '''cŏrporation
'''cooperâtion''' côwóp-, cf. '''cŏrporation
Line 824: Line 1,253:
'''coóperative''' côwóp-
'''coóperative''' côwóp-


'''Copenhâgen Cô'''-; or -'''hàgen
'''Copenhâgen''': '''Cô'''-; or -'''hàgen


'''cóps''' ''police'' = '''Kóp''' ''Liverpool
'''cóps''' ''police'' = '''Kóp''' ''Liverpool
Line 833: Line 1,262:


'''cópy''' cf. '''côpe
'''cópy''' cf. '''côpe
'''cópyédit''' can be one word or two


'''cópyrîght''' *cópywrîte: it’s a '''rîght''' about writing
'''cópyrîght''' *cópywrîte: it’s a '''rîght''' about writing
Line 838: Line 1,269:
'''córal
'''córal


'''cŏr ànglâis''' *cŏ-rónglây
'''cŏr ànglâis''' *cŏróng-glây


'''cŏrd''' ''vocal, string'' = '''chŏrd''' ''music
'''cŏrd''' ''vocal, string'' = '''chŏrd''' ''music
Line 845: Line 1,276:


'''cŏre''' ''apple'' = '''cŏrps''' ''army
'''cŏre''' ''apple'' = '''cŏrps''' ''army
'''cŏrnea''' -nìə


'''cŏrnerstône''' one word  
'''cŏrnerstône''' one word  
'''coróllary


'''corôna
'''corôna
Line 854: Line 1,289:
'''córoner  
'''córoner  


'''cŏrps''' ''army'' = '''cŏre''' ''apple'', cf. '''following
'''cŏrporate
 
'''cŏrps''' ''army'' = '''cŏre''' ''apple'', cf. following


'''cŏrpse
'''cŏrpse


'''corràl
'''corrāl''' AmE ''animals''; BrE = '''chorāle''' ''choral
 
'''corrālled
 
'''correspóndence''', '''correspóndent''' (unlike French, which has -ance, -ant)
 
'''corróborate


'''córrugate''' BrE; AmE '''cörrugate
'''córrugate''' BrE; AmE '''cörrugate
Line 864: Line 1,307:
'''cóst''' cf. '''côast
'''cóst''' cf. '''côast


'''Cósta Rìca
'''Cósta Rìca''', cf '''côast'''; some Americans say '''Côsta Rìca'''
 
'''côsy''' BrE = AmE '''côzy''' = '''Côsey
 
'''''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''''' (French circumflex accent may be retained in English) *Côat-divwàr, also known as '''Îvory Côast'''
 
'''cotërminous''' ''adjective'', cf. '''tërminus''' ''noun''
 
'''Cótham''' ''Bristol'' *Cóttam


'''cóttage''' -íj
'''cóttage''' -íj


'''còuch
'''còuch'''; the surname is, however, '''Coûch''' in the names of [[John Couch Adams]] and [[Arthur Quiller-Couch]]


'''còuchant
'''còuchant


'''couchétte''' cûsh-
'''couchétte''' *coô-shét
 
'''coûgar''' *coôger


'''cóugh''' *cóff
'''cóugh''' *cóff
'''coùld''' rhymes with '''goòd


'''còuncil''' ''committee'' = '''còunsel''' ''advice
'''còuncil''' ''committee'' = '''còunsel''' ''advice
Line 882: Line 1,337:
'''còunt
'''còunt


'''còunty''' cf. '''coúntry
'''còunter''' ''noun''
 
'''còunter-''' ''opposite'', hyphenated: '''còunter-clâim''', '''còunter-productive'''  


'''còunterfeít
'''còunterfeít'''; '''còunterfeíter''' rhymes with (ends like) '''fítter'''


'''còunter-productive''' hyphenated
'''coúntry''' *cúntry, cf. '''còunty''' and '''còunt''', which do begin with the '''còw''' sound; "còwntry" is a common mispronunciation by foreign learners


'''coúntry''' cf. '''còunty''', '''còunt''', which begin with the '''còw''' sound
'''còunty''' cf. '''coúntry


'''coûp''' ''d’état'' = '''coô''' ''bird
'''coûp''' ''d’état'' = '''coô''' ''bird


'''coúple
'''coúple''' rhymes with '''súpple''' ([[minimal pair]])


'''coúrage''' - AmE can be '''cöurage
'''coúrage'''; AmE can be '''cöurage


'''courâgeous  
'''courâgeous  
Line 900: Line 1,357:
'''cŏurse''' ''route, study'' = '''cŏarse''' ''crude'', -ss, cf. '''cåuse''', -z, '''cürse''', -s
'''cŏurse''' ''route, study'' = '''cŏarse''' ''crude'', -ss, cf. '''cåuse''', -z, '''cürse''', -s


'''cŏurt''' ''tennis, monarch, woo'' - BrE = '''cåught''' ''catch
'''cŏurt''' ''tennis, monarch, woo''; BrE = '''cåught''' ''catch


'''cöurteous
'''cöurteous


'''cöurtesy''' ''politeness'' cf. '''cürtsey''' ''bow''
'''cöurtesy''' ''politeness'' cf. '''cürtsey''' ''bow'' ([[minimal pair]])
 
'''coúsin''' *cúzzen rhymes with '''dòzen'''  


'''coúsin''' *cúzzen
'''Cóvent Gàrden


'''còver
'''còver


'''côvert''' cf. '''ovërt
'''côvert''', '''còvert''', cf. '''ovërt


'''còvet''' -ít
'''còvet''' -ít


'''còws''' ''animals'' = '''Còwes''' ''Isle of Wight''; cf. '''kowtòw
'''Còwen''' = '''Còwan''', [[minimal pair]] with '''Côhen
 
'''còws''' ''animals'' = '''Còwes''' ''Isle of Wight'', cf. '''kowtòw


'''Coŵper''' = '''Coôper'''; or '''Còwper
'''Coŵper''' = '''Coôper'''; or '''Còwper


'''cŏyôtê''' AmE *kîôat
'''Cóx''' = '''cócks
 
'''cŏyôtê''' BrE; AmE *kîôat
 
'''cráb''' = '''Crább''' = '''Crábbe'''
 
'''cráckdown''' ''noun'', '''cráck dòwn''' ''verb''


'''cráckpot''' ''noun'' one word  
'''cráckpot''' ''noun'' one word  
'''crâdle
'''crāft''' ''skill'' = '''Krāft''' ''person
'''cravát''' ('cravate' is French)


'''cråwl''' ''ground'' = '''Kråll''' ''person''
'''cråwl''' ''ground'' = '''Kråll''' ''person''
'''Creâgh''' = '''Crây


'''crêak''' ''noise'' = '''crêek''' ''water''
'''crêak''' ''noise'' = '''crêek''' ''water''
Line 928: Line 1,403:
'''crêam
'''crêam


'''crêâte
'''creâte''' *crêe-âte


'''crêâtion''' -êâshən
'''creâtion''' *crêe-âshən


'''crêature''' -ch-
'''crêature''' -ch-


'''créche''' *crésh, cf. '''crásh''' ([[minimal pair]])
'''créche''' *crésh, cf. '''crásh''', '''crúsh''' ([[minimal pair|minimal pairs]])


'''crêdence
'''crêdence
Line 950: Line 1,425:
'''créme de menthe'''  can have French accent: '''''crème de menthe''''' *crémdə-mónt
'''créme de menthe'''  can have French accent: '''''crème de menthe''''' *crémdə-mónt


'''Crêôle
'''Creôle''' ('''êô''') = '''creôle


'''crêosote
'''crêosote


'''crèpe''' = '''crèpe
'''crèpe''', '''crépe


'''crescéndo''' -sh-
'''crescéndo''' -sh-


'''créscent''' *crézzənt
'''créscent''' *crézzənt, *créssənt
 
'''crétin'''


'''crévíce  
'''crévíce  
Line 970: Line 1,447:
'''Crîchton''' *Crŷtən
'''Crîchton''' *Crŷtən


'''crîme
'''crîme''' cf. '''crêam''' ([[minimal pair]])
 
'''Crimêa''' *Crî-mêə


'''críminal
'''críminal


'''Crimêa''' *Crî-mêə
'''crîsís''' -s, pl. '''crîsês''' -z
 
'''críss-cróss''', cf. '''Chrís''', '''cróss
 
'''critêrion''' (plural '''critêria''') crî-


'''crític
'''crític


'''critìque''' -êek
'''critìque''' -êek
'''crôak''' = '''Crôke


'''Crôát''' *Crôwát
'''Crôát''' *Crôwát
Line 989: Line 1,474:


'''crócodîle
'''crócodîle
'''croissant''' *kwússón, French nasal -ón


'''croissant''' *kwússón, French nasal -ón
'''Crómarty


'''crône
'''crône


'''crôny
'''crôny
'''crônyism''' *crônêeízm
'''crôquèt''': BrE *crôkay, AmE *crokây
'''crôsier''', '''crôzier'''


'''cróss-examinâtion
'''cróss-examinâtion
Line 1,004: Line 1,496:
'''crûcible
'''crûcible


'''crûcifíxion
'''crûcifíxion''' *crûci-'''fíction


'''crûise''' -ûz
'''Crûickshank''' -ûk-
 
'''crûise''' = '''Crûz''' = '''creŵs'''
 
'''crúmb''' -m
 
'''crúmble


'''crúx
'''crúx
'''Crûz''' = '''crûise'''


'''crýpt
'''crýpt


'''crýstal''' - '''t''' sounded, cf. '''whístle''', '''grístle''', silent '''t
'''crýptic''' makes a [[minimal pair]] with '''tríptych
 
'''crýstal''', '''t''' sounded (= '''Krístol'''), cf. '''whístle''', '''grístle''', silent '''t
 
'''cubewàno''', from "QB1-o" (after the prototype [[trans-Neptunian object]] '''QB'''-'''òne''' *qyû-bê-wún, with '''ú''' changed to '''à''')
 
'''cúckold
 
'''cùckoô''', first syllable sounding like '''coòk


'''cùckoô
'''cûe''' ''snooker, theatre'' = '''queûe''' ''line'' = '''Keŵ''' ''Gardens


'''cûe''' ''snooker, theatre'' = '''queûe''' ''line
'''[[César Cui|Cûi]]''' *QE


'''cuisìne''' *quizêen, cf. '''cóusin''' *cúzzən
'''cuisìne''' *quizêen, cf. '''cóusin''' *cúzzən
Line 1,024: Line 1,532:
'''cúlprit
'''cúlprit


'''cúm''' ''with'' = '''còme''' ''here
'''cúlt
 
'''cúm''' ''with, orgasm'' = '''còme''' ''here
 
'''Cúmmings''' ''person'' = '''còmings''' ''and goings
 
'''cúmqùat''' = '''kúmqùat'''
 
'''cûneífŏrm''' rhymes with '''ûniform


'''cúpboard''' rhymes with '''Húbbard  
'''cúpboard''' rhymes with '''Húbbard  
Line 1,034: Line 1,550:
'''curâte''' ''museum
'''curâte''' ''museum


'''cürb''' ''stop, street'' = '''kërb''' ''street
'''cürb''' ''stop, street'' = '''kërb''' BrE ''street


'''cûre-åll''' ''noun, adjective
'''cûre-åll''' ''noun, adjective


'''cûrious
'''cûrious
'''cürly''' = '''Cürley


'''cúrrant''' ''eat'' = '''cúrrent''' ''now, flow'' BrE; AmE '''cür'''-
'''cúrrant''' ''eat'' = '''cúrrent''' ''now, flow'' BrE; AmE '''cür'''-
Line 1,045: Line 1,563:


'''cürse''' cf. '''cŏurse
'''cürse''' cf. '''cŏurse
'''cürsed''' * cürst; adjective before noun may be *cürsíd


'''cürt''' ''blunt'' = '''Kürt''' ''person
'''cürt''' ''blunt'' = '''Kürt''' ''person


'''cürtsey''' ''bow'' cf. '''cöurtesy''' ''politeness
'''cürtsey''' ''bow'' cf. '''cöurtesy''' ''politeness
'''curvâceous
'''cürve


'''cùshion''' cf. '''percússion''', both -shən
'''cùshion''' cf. '''percússion''', both -shən
'''cússed''' *cússid


'''cústard
'''cústard


'''cústody''' BrE *cústardy
'''cústody''' BrE *cústardy
'''cútback''' ''noun'' one word


'''cút-prîce
'''cút-prîce
'''cútler''', '''cútlery''', light '''l''', '''e''' as [[schwa]] (though [[Anne Robinson]], on ''[[The Weakest Link]]'', pronounces it with a dark '''l''': "cúttle-ry")


'''cy'''- s-
'''cy'''- s-


'''cýclamen''' s-
'''cýclamen'''  


'''cŷcle''' s-
'''cŷcle'''  


'''cýclical''' s-
'''cýclical'''  


'''cŷclist''' s-
'''cŷclist'''  


'''cýgnet''' ''swan'' = '''sígnet''' ''ring
'''cýgnet''' ''swan'' = '''sígnet''' ''ring
Line 1,073: Line 1,603:


'''cýmbal''' ''drums'' = '''sýmbol''' ''sign
'''cýmbal''' ''drums'' = '''sýmbol''' ''sign
'''cýnic'''
'''cýnicism
'''cŷnosure'''


'''cŷpher''' or '''cîpher''', cf. '''decîpher
'''cŷpher''' or '''cîpher''', cf. '''decîpher


'''cŷpress''' ''tree'' = '''Cŷprus''' ''country'' s-
'''cŷpress''' ''tree'' = '''Cŷprus''' ''country''  


'''Cýpriot
'''Cýpriot


'''cýst''' s-
'''Cýril
 
'''Cyríllic


'''cýnic''' s-
'''Cŷrus


'''cýnicism
'''cýst'''


'''czàr''' or '''tsàr''' *zàr
'''czàr''' or '''tsàr''' *zàr


'''Czéch''' ''nationality'' = '''chéck''' ''verify'' = BrE '''chéque''' ''cash
'''Czéch''' ''nationality'' = '''chéck''' ''verify'' = BrE '''chéque''' ''cash

Latest revision as of 13:57, 17 August 2017

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Use in English
Alphabetical word list
Retroalphabetical list  
Common misspellings  


This page lists pronunciations of English words that begin with C. To see a different letter navigate with the table above. The apostrophe is treated as the last letter of the alphabet, after Z.

For a pronunciation key, click on the blue "Catalogs" link below the article title.[e]

C = sêe look

c. = cïrca *sürka has become a journalistic vogue word, but is not normally spelt out in serious usage, being a space-saver, especially before dates, substituting for a word such as aròund (c. 1950), while the longer version "ca." is widely regarded as incorrect

cabál, cabàl

cáche arms = cásh money

cáddie golf = cáddy tea

câdence

cadét

Cadíz is the traditional English pronunciation, though the Spanish stresses the first syllable

càdrê AmE, BrE *càdə

Caêsar *Sêezer

cáfè can be written with a French accent: café *cáfây

cáfè au lâit can be written with a French accent: café au lait *cáfâyô-lây

cáffêine

câiman crocodile = Câyman Islands

cãirn

Caîro *Kŷro

Caìus Cambridge = kêys lock; otherwise regularly Caîus, rhyming with its variant Gaîus

Cálâis *Cállay

Calcútta old spelling = Kolkàta new: *Cål-cútta is normally pronounced Cál-, e.g. as in Calcútta Cúp; the effect of the new spelling has been to change the pronunciation to from Cál- to Cól-

Caledônia

cálendar is not spelt -er, cf. còlander

Cálgary *Cálgəri

Califŏrnia -nyə

câliph, cáliph; câliphate, cáliphate, calìphate

cåll name, phone, shout = cåul birth, cf. Cál person

Cállaghán: silent g, *Cállahán

callígraphy -ll-, cf. Calígula

Callîopê = Kallîopê = Kallîopi

cállous uncaring = cállus skin ≈ Cállas Maria (or Cállás)

càlm -àm, BrE and AmE

cálorie

Câmbridge

cámel

camêllia: irregular ê before double consonant, *camêlia, cf. chamaêleon *camêliən

cámera

cameráderie

Cámeron

Cameroôn

cámouflàge -àzh

campâign *campâin, cf. champâgne *shám-pâin, and words in -èign, all of which rhyme

Cámpbell *Cámble, rhyming with gámble

cán able, tin = Cánnes France

cán nót ônly: see cánnót

Cânaan *Câynən, aa as schwa

Cánada

Canâdian

canál

cánapè cf. cánopy

canãry

canásta

Canáveral

Cánberra -bərə, BrE *Cámborough

cáncer illness = Cáncer constellation

cándidate BrE -ət, AmE -âte (unsurprisingly, the AmE version is common among British broadcasters)

câne stick, sugar = Câne = Câin Abel = Kâne Citizen = Kâine Tim

cânîne

cánister: one n

cánnabis

cánnibal rhymes with Hánnibal

cánnon = cánon

cannót; or cánnót for emphasis, but always one word when (as it usually is) nót is modifying cán, cf. ít cán nót ônly…but ålsô…; cf. contracted form cān't

canoe -noô

cánon church, œuvre, music = cánnon war

cánopy cf. cánapè

cánt cliche = Kánt philosopher = AmE cán’t impossible

cantàta

cánvas paint, tent = cánvass election

cányon cf. ònion, both -yən

câpable

Câpe Tòwn, two words, but the first is stressed as if it were one, *Câpetown

Câpe Vërde, Câpe Vërdê

capíllary BrE; AmE cápillãry

cápital city, letter = cápitol legislature = Cápitol Washington, Records

capítulate

cappuccìno -chêeno

capsîze

cáptain -ptin

cáption -pshn

Cápricorn

càr vehicle = Càrr = Kàrr persons

*cáracter is spelt cháracter; cf. cáricature

càr-lôad noun

cárapâce

cárat gold = cárrot food = cáret insert = kárat gold

càrbon dióxîde

carburéttor

càrcass body cf. Carácas

cãre

cãrefree one word

carêer profession, speed BrE = Korêa country, cf. cárrier carry

cãrer

Cãrey = Cãry, cf. Kérry (minimal pair); Cãrrey is an irregular variant, as normally á before rr (cárry)

Cáríbbêan *Cárri-bêeən is the usual pronunciation outside the area, where some say *Cəríbbêən, and Rŏyal Caríbbean is normal

cáricature, AmE also carícature, cf. cháracter, both k-

cãries

Carlîsle city, person = Carlŷle person

Càrnaby

Carnègiê, hard g (the family pronunciation, though one often hears it echoing the stress pattern of Càrnaby: Càrnegie; also Carnêgie)

Càrnfŏrth

càrnivore

cárol Christmas = Cárol = Cárole

Cárolîne

Cárolýn

caròusal carouse *cəròuzəl

carousél round *carəssél

cárrom or cárom

cárrot vegetable = cárat gold = cáret mark

cárry bring = Cárrie person

càrt horse = kàrt race

cartél

càrton

cartoôn cf. Khartoûm, minimal pair: n and m only different sounds

cásh money = cáche weapons

cashìer *cashêer

cáshmêre wool = Kashmìr Asia

casìno makes a minimal pair with Cassìnì

cassàva

cāst drama, throw, eye = cāste India

Castílian cf. Castìlle

cāstle -ssl

cásual cf. cåusal

cásualty

cát animal = qát drug

cátacomb -coôm

Cátalan: though -ən is the normal ending (Itálian, Nigêrian), many speakers pronounce a strong final á in this word for some reason

cátalog AmE = BrE cátalogue

Catalônia—as for example in the title of Orwell's Homage to Catalonia (Catalunya in Catalan)

catàrrh *catàr, cf. Qátar

catástrophê

catastróphic

cátchphrase is probably more common as one word

Câte Blanchett; but Kâte is the usual spelling of this abbreviation of Cátherine, Kátharine etc.

categórical

cátegory

câter = Câtor

cáterpillar

Cátheríne is the most common spelling; also K-, -thar-

cátholic = Cátholic -k

Cathólicism -sism

cáttle cows cf. kéttle boil (minimal pair)

cåucus rhymes with råucous

cåught catch = BrE cŏurt tennis, law

cåul birth = cåll name, phone, shout

cåuldron or cåldron

cauliflòur *cóllyflower

cåuse reason -z = BrE Cŏrrs persons, cf. cŏurse -ss, cf. because *bicóz, ’cós because *cóz

cause celébre can have French accents: cause célèbre *côz-celébrə

cavalìêr

cávêát (or a as schwa)

Cávendish

Câyman Islands = câiman crocodile

ce- mostly s-

cêase stop *sêess, minimal pair with sêize hold

cêased rhymes and makes a minimal pair with êast

cêasefîre (no need to hyphenate)

cêde yield = sêed plant

cèilidh *kâlêy

cêiling floor = sêaling shutting

célebrâte s-

celébrity s-

célibate s-

céll prison, biology = séll money

céllar wine = séller sales

céllo tch-

céllophane s-, cf. sêal, séllotape

Céltic or céltic civilisation K-; Céltic football club S-

cémetery BrE -try, AmE -téry: not spelt -ary

cénsor censorship = sénsor feel ≈ cénsure blame

cént money = sént send = scént perfume

centênary

céntral s-

céntre s- BrE, AmE cénter; past: BrE céntred = AmE céntered

céntre-léft, céntre-rîght politics, hyphen

centrífugal or céntrifugal

centrípetal

céntrist s-

céntury is not automatically capitalised after an ordinal: 20th céntury

cêreal cornflakes = sêrial series

cérebral s- BrE; AmE cerêbral

Cêrês planet makes a minimal pair with sêríes string, or Céres, cf. Sírius star

céremony s-

Céri (from Welsh) = Kérry

certíficate -ət

cërtify

cërvical s- (some say cervîcal)

cesãrian cf. Caêsar, both s-

césspit one word

césspool one word

cf. compare *cêe-éff

ch- tch- unless otherwise stated; sh-, often from French, where stated

chà tea

chà-chà or cha-cha-chà dance

Chádian *Cháddian

chádŏr

Châffetz Jason

cháffinch

chágrín sh- BrE; AmE *shəgrêen

chãir sit makes a minimal pair with shãre divide and Chér person

chaise lóngue *shézz-lóng

chamaêleon k-; AmE -mêl- = Chamaêleon constellation, cf. camêlia, where -n is the only extra sound (a minimal pair)

châmber cf. Châmbers person

chámois *shámwà

Champâgne France, drink = Champaîgn Illinois *shámpâin; they make a minimal pair with campâign *cámpâin

chāncellor

cháncre *shánker

chandelìêr sh-

Chandrasèkhar is much more common than Chandrasèkar

chánnel rhymes with pánel, cf. Chanél, Channél persons, both sh-

châós *kâyóss, cf. cháps

chapàti (there are some longer spellings)

chápel church = Cháppell person

cháperôn sh-

chàplain church = Cháplin person

Chappáqua

Cháppaquíddick

Cháppell = chápel; also *Shapél

chárabanc *shárabang, cf. shebáng

charàde sh- BrE; AmE charâde

cháracter cf. cáricature, both k-

Cháring Cróss

charivàri sh-

chàrlatan sh-

Chàrleston dance, city *Chàrlston

Chàrlotte Sh-

Chàrlton

Cháron = Sháron; or *Kãrən

chãry cf. chãir

Charýbdis *Kəríbdiss

chásm *kázzəm

chássis *shássy

châste virgin = châsed chase

Chátham -təm

chauffëur *shô-fër

chauvinist shô-

chêap cost = chêep bird

chêapskâte one word

chêat

Chéchnya

chéckered

chéckers game = Chéquers house (AmE chéckers is BrE dràughts [= dràfts]; AmE Chînese chéckers is BrE Chînese chéquers)

chéckpoint one word

chêek cf. chíck

chêetah

chéf sh-, cf. chìêf, ch sound: tch-

Chélsêa *Tchélsì

chémistry k-

Chèney

chéque BrE money = chéck verify, AmE money = Czéch nationality

Chér = shãre, cf. chãir

Chernóbyl

Cherokêe

chérry-píck

chérub

cherúbic

Chéryl can be Sh-

chévron sh-

cheŵ cf. words beginning tû-, which can have the same tch- sound, e.g. tûbe

*chewítion tuítion

Cheyenne *Shŷ Ánn

chèz *shây

Chháttisgarh *Cháttisgar, cf. Chándigarh

chî Greek letter χ *kî

chìc *shêek, cf. slêek, chíck

Chicàgo Shí-, à sound in both BrE and AmE

chíck chicken, Chíck person

chíckpêa one word or two

chìêf tch-, cf. chéf, sh-

chihuàhua *tchiwàwa

chîld

Chîlds surname = chîld's possessive, cf. chíldren plural

chîldbïrth one word

chíldren, plural of chîld

Chílê country = chílly cold = chílì, (mostly BrE) chíllì bean

Chílêan *Chíllìan, rhyming with Gíllìan; also *Chilèan (*Chilâyan), cf. Spanish Chileno (m.), Chilena (f.), where the e is the stressed vowel

chimêra kî-

chímney

chimpanzêe

Chîna country = chîna crockery

chîropractic k-, first syllable = Caîro

chirópody k-

chïrp

chísel -zl

Chíslehurst -zl-

Chíswick *Tchízzick

chívalry sh-

chívy or chívvy

chlamýdia kl-

Chlôê *Klôwie

chlóroform kl-

chóc chocolate = chóck wedge

chóck-a-blóck

chŏice makes a minimal pair with Jŏyce

choîr singers = quîre paper

chólera k-, cf. cóllar (minimal pair)

choléstorol k-

choôse select = cheŵs masticates

Chópin is usually pronounced like shóp plus a nasalised á; some say "Shôwpán" but this is not recommended

chŏral chorus k-, cf. córal reef

chorāle chorus k- = corrāl animals

chŏrd music = cŏrd rope, vocal

chŏrus k-

choúgh bird *chúff, cf. chúffed pleased

chòw dog, food = ciàô goodbye

chòw mêin

chr- kr- (words that sound as if they begin 'chr-' may begin tr-)

Chrís = Krís, cf. críss-cróss

Chrîst Kr-

chrísten *kríssen

Chrístian *Kríshtchən or *Krístchen cf. crýstal

Christiáne *Kristi-ánn

Christìne, though the stress can shift to Chrístine, Kr-

Chrístmas *Kríssməss

Chrístopher *Krístəfər

chrôme kr-

chrónic, chrónicle kr-

chrýsalis kríss-

chrysánthemum kríz-

chthônian, chthónic, kth-, th-

chúffed *chúft

chürch

chürn

chûte fall = shoôt gun

chútzpah *hùtspə, cf. Hótspur

ci- s-

ciàô goodbye = chòw dog, food

cicàda BrE; AmE cicâda

Cícely person = Sícily Italy

cîder

cigàr

címbalóm is perhaps the most common of several spellings, cf. cýmbal

Cincinnáti

cínema

cínnamon

Cínque Ports = sínk wash, down

cïr-

cïrca, traditionally abbreviated to c. (though not "ca.", q.v.), has become a (vogue?) word in its own right

cïrcle

cïrcuit *sërkit

circûítous

cïrcumcîse

circumcísion -zhən

circúmference cf. interfêrence

cïrcumstance

Cîrencéster

cirrhôsis, cf. psorîasis

císsy = Císsy = síssy

citâtion cf. situâtion

cîte quote = sîght see = sîte place

cítizen

Citizéndium

Cítroen ™ car = cítron lemon, making minimal pairs with cítrous

cíty

cívil

civílian: one l

cívvies

Clãir = Clãire = Clãre

clámour BrE; AmE clámor

clámpdown noun one word

clán = Klán Ku Klux

clándestîne; some say clandéstíne

clánger has the normal ng sound, rhyming with hánger, cf. ánger, *áng-ger, dânger, -njer

Clápham London = cláp ’em clap them

cláptrap one word

Clãre = Clãir = Clãire

cláret

clárify

clarinéttist BrE, AmE clarinétist

clárity

clāss

clássical music is not capitalised when referring to any period; only Clássical when referring particularly to the period between Baroque and Romantic (and not necessarily music)

clāssroom one word

clåuse words = clåws claw = Clåus Santa

claustrophôbia clós-

clêan

cléanliness

cléanse -nz

clêaver cf. cléver

Clêese -z

clërgy

cléric

clërk AmE; BrE = Clàrk = Clàrke persons

cléver

clìchè *clêeshây

clíck sound, cf. clìque gang, see below

clíckbâit

clîmb up = clîme weather

clìque *clêek; some AmE = clíck

clóckwörk one word

clôse shut = clôze test; clôse near, cul-de-sac *clôce = Clôse: Ms. Clôse's (-siz) còmpany was clôse (s) to bánkruptcy and hád to clôse (z) môst of íts óffices

clôser more -ss-, clôser end -z-

clóset -z-

clôse-up near, -ss-, cf. clôse up shut, -z-

clóstr- claustrophôbia

clóth unvoiced th

clôthe voiced th

clôthes voiced th

Cloúgh = Clúff

Clŵýd rhymes with flûíd

cô and co = Côe

côach transport, trainer

côal fuel = Côle person

coalésce *côəl-éss

coalítion *côəl-íshən

côalman coal = Côleman person

côalmine or côal mîne, but côal mîning is two words

cŏarse crude = cŏurse route, study

côast cf. cóst

côastguard one word or two

côax

cóbra or côbra

cocâine (ô or schwa; weak = Cockâigne)

cóchineal

Cockâigne (ó or schwa; weak = cocâine)

Côckburn = Côburn persons

Cóckermòuth or -məth

cóck-up

côco tree = côcoa tree, powder, drink

Côco the Clòwn

côconut or côcoanut

cocoôn

côdêine

côdicil

coêlacanth sêel- BrE, AmE cêlacanth

coërce

coërcion -sh-

CofÊ Church of England *sêeyəvêe

cóffee drink = Cóffey = Cóffee persons

cógnac *cónyák

cohábit no hyphen

Côhen *Côwen, rhymes with Ôwen

côhêre

Coìmbra *Quêenborough

coincîde, coíncídence, cô-í-, without hyphens

cojônes *cohôniz

côke fuel = Côke Coca Cola = Kôch brothers

còlander cf. cálendar

Côle person = côal burn

côleslaw is probably more common nowadays than côle slåw

Cólin, cf. Cóllins; Côlin Pòwell is an exception

colláborate

cóllàge art *cóllàzh, cf. cóllege school *cóllij

collápse

cóllar, cf. chólera *cóllara

cólleague *cólêeg

colléctable BrE, AmE colléctible

cóllege *cóllij

cóllier coal = Cóllier, Cólyer

Cóllins, cf. Cólin

collóssal

collûde

Colôgne Germany = colôgne perfume *kəlôn

Colòmbia country = Colúmbia company, British (-ló- is the Spanish and a spelling pronunciation)

Colòmbo Sri Lanka = Colúmbo TV series

côlon

cölonel army = BrE kërnel nut *kënl

colônial

colonnâde

cólonise

cólony

Coloràdo in both BrE and AmE, Có-

colorâtion or colourâtion cú-

coloratùra

còlour tint cf. cóllar neck

Colúmbia British, commercial = Colòmbia South America

Colúmbus

cólumn *cóllum

cólumnist *cólumist, though some pronounce the n

côma cf. cómma

cômb hair *kôam, cf. còme here (minimal pair)

cómbat noun, verb, combát verb; verb forms -ing and -ed may have one t or two

cómbatant or combátant

combîne verb

cómbine-hàrvester

còme

còmeback noun, adjective one word

cómedy

comeúppance one word

còmfortable -ft-

comfortably-óff

còming come = Cúmming, cf. Cúmmings, persons

cómma punctuate, cf. côma unconscious

commānd

commandêer

comménd

cómmént

commërcial

commít

commíttee

cómmonplace common one word

commûnal

cómmune noun

commûne verb

commûniquè -nikây

cómmunism

commûnity

còmpany

compãre contrast cf. cómpére (where French accent can be written: compère) host

cómparable or compárable

compárative

compárison

compàrtment

còmpass

còmpasses

compássion

cómpensâte

compensâtion

cómpére (or with written French accent compère) show, cf. compãre contrast

complâint complain

cómplement together = cómpliment praise

cómplex BrE; AmE compléx

compléxion not -ct-

complîant comply

complícit

cómpóst

cómpromîse pronounced but never written -ize, cf. prómise *prómíss

Còmpton, Cómpton

Còmpton-Bürnett

cómráde, cf. Cónrád (minimal pair), some BrE cómrâde

Cónakry

concêde

concentrâte cf. consént

cóncrete

concatenâtion: e, not i

cóncentrâte cf. consént

concéntric cf. consénsus

cóncept

concéptual

concërtô *cənshërto, *cənshérto or like Italian original *conchérto

concéssion

cónch shell -nch or -nk

cónch, Cónch Bahamian -nk

concörd

Cóncord

cóncrete

concússion

condémn, cf. dámn, both -m

condemnâtion ends like nâtion

condîgn -dîne

condôlences

cóndom, cóndóm

cóndŏr

condûcíve

cóndûít or -dwít; BrE was once *cóndit or *cúndit, but now regularised

cône

Côney

conféctionery

confër

conféss

conféssion -féshən

cónfidànt person BrE -dónt

cónfident adjective -dənt

Confûcian -shən

confûsion -zhən

cónger hard g

cóngeries soft g

cóngruent or congrûent

cónical make a minimal pair with chrónicle

cónifer

cóniìne -iì-

cònjure

Cónnåcht *Cónåwt

connéct

Connécticut *Cənétikət

connéction: BrE can be connéxion

connîve

connoissëur: -oi- as schwa: *connəssür

Cónor given = Cónnor family

cónquer win = cónker nut *cóngker

cónquést *cóngkwest, cf. quést

*conscient should be cónscious

consciéntious *cónshì-énshəs, *cónshénshəs

cónscious

consénsus cf. consént, cénsus, concéntric

consént cf. cóncentrâte

cónsequence cónsí-, cf. sêquence

consërvative

conservâtion

consigliérê *consíl-yãry

consístent cf. cónstant

cónsôle noun

consôle comfort

consólidate

cónsonant

cónsŏrt noun cf. cóncert, e as schwa

consŏrt verb

consŏrtium as written or -shm

conspíracy

conspírator

conspîre

cònstable

constábulary

cónstant cf. consístent

constítuency

consûme -syû-

cónsummate

cóntact noun and verb, cf. cóntract, contráct

contémptible

conténd struggle

contént happy

cóntént contain

cóntext

contéxtual

contínûùm -tínyûəm

cóntoûr

cóntract noun, contráct verb, cf. cóntact

contradíct

cóntra, cf. controvërsial, etc.

cóntrary opposed

contrãry awkward

cóntribûte or contríbûte

contribûtion

*contríbyəter contríbutor

contrôl

contrôller

controvërsial

cóntrovërsy or contróversy

conúndrum

cónvíct noun, convíct verb

cónvoy

coòk kitchen = Coòk = Coòke persons

coôlie *kûli

Coômbs = Coômbes *Cûmz

coôp

coôper = Coôper

cooperâtion côwóp-, cf. cŏrporation

coóperative côwóp-

Copenhâgen: Cô-; or -hàgen

cóps police = Kóp Liverpool

cóp-òut

cóps police = cópse wood

cópy cf. côpe

cópyédit can be one word or two

cópyrîght *cópywrîte: it’s a rîght about writing

córal

cŏr ànglâis *cŏróng-glây

cŏrd vocal, string = chŏrd music

cŏrdon

cŏre apple = cŏrps army

cŏrnea -nìə

cŏrnerstône one word

coróllary

corôna

córonary

córoner

cŏrporate

cŏrps army = cŏre apple, cf. following

cŏrpse

corrāl AmE animals; BrE = chorāle choral

corrālled

correspóndence, correspóndent (unlike French, which has -ance, -ant)

corróborate

córrugate BrE; AmE cörrugate

cóst cf. côast

Cósta Rìca, cf côast; some Americans say Côsta Rìca

côsy BrE = AmE côzy = Côsey

Côte d'Ivoire (French circumflex accent may be retained in English) *Côat-divwàr, also known as Îvory Côast

cotërminous adjective, cf. tërminus noun

Cótham Bristol *Cóttam

cóttage -íj

còuch; the surname is, however, Coûch in the names of John Couch Adams and Arthur Quiller-Couch

còuchant

couchétte *coô-shét

coûgar *coôger

cóugh *cóff

coùld rhymes with goòd

còuncil committee = còunsel advice

còuncillor

còunt

còunter noun

còunter- opposite, hyphenated: còunter-clâim, còunter-productive

còunterfeít; còunterfeíter rhymes with (ends like) fítter

coúntry *cúntry, cf. còunty and còunt, which do begin with the còw sound; "còwntry" is a common mispronunciation by foreign learners

còunty cf. coúntry

coûp d’état = coô bird

coúple rhymes with súpple (minimal pair)

coúrage; AmE can be cöurage

courâgeous

cŏurse route, study = cŏarse crude, -ss, cf. cåuse, -z, cürse, -s

cŏurt tennis, monarch, woo; BrE = cåught catch

cöurteous

cöurtesy politeness cf. cürtsey bow (minimal pair)

coúsin *cúzzen rhymes with dòzen

Cóvent Gàrden

còver

côvert, còvert, cf. ovërt

còvet -ít

Còwen = Còwan, minimal pair with Côhen

còws animals = Còwes Isle of Wight, cf. kowtòw

Coŵper = Coôper; or Còwper

Cóx = cócks

cŏyôtê BrE; AmE *kîôat

cráb = Crább = Crábbe

cráckdown noun, cráck dòwn verb

cráckpot noun one word

crâdle

crāft skill = Krāft person

cravát ('cravate' is French)

cråwl ground = Kråll person

Creâgh = Crây

crêak noise = crêek water

crêam

creâte *crêe-âte

creâtion *crêe-âshən

crêature -ch-

créche *crésh, cf. crásh, crúsh (minimal pairs)

crêdence

credéntials

crédibílity

crêed

crêek water = crêak noise

créme can have French accent: crème

créme de menthe can have French accent: crème de menthe *crémdə-mónt

Creôle (êô) = creôle

crêosote

crèpe, crépe

crescéndo -sh-

créscent *crézzənt, *créssənt

crétin

crévíce

crevásse

creŵ ship = Creŵe England

creŵ-cut

Crîchton *Crŷtən

crîme cf. crêam (minimal pair)

Crimêa *Crî-mêə

críminal

crîsís -s, pl. crîsês -z

críss-cróss, cf. Chrís, cróss

critêrion (plural critêria) crî-

crític

critìque -êek

crôak = Crôke

Crôát *Crôwát

Croâtia *Crôw-âyshə

cróc crocodile = cróck pot, old

crôchet knit *crôshây, cf. crótchet

crócodîle croissant *kwússón, French nasal -ón

Crómarty

crône

crôny

crônyism *crônêeízm

crôquèt: BrE *crôkay, AmE *crokây

crôsier, crôzier

cróss-examinâtion

cròtch genitals = crútch support

crótchet irritable, music regular pronunciation, cf. crôchèt *crôshây

crûcible

crûcifíxion *crûci-fíction

Crûickshank -ûk-

crûise = Crûz = creŵs

crúmb -m

crúmble

crúx

Crûz = crûise

crýpt

crýptic makes a minimal pair with tríptych

crýstal, t sounded (= Krístol), cf. whístle, grístle, silent t

cubewàno, from "QB1-o" (after the prototype trans-Neptunian object QB-òne *qyû-bê-wún, with ú changed to à)

cúckold

cùckoô, first syllable sounding like coòk

cûe snooker, theatre = queûe line = Keŵ Gardens

Cûi *QE

cuisìne *quizêen, cf. cóusin *cúzzən

cúl-de-sác

cúlprit

cúlt

cúm with, orgasm = còme here

Cúmmings person = còmings and goings

cúmqùat = kúmqùat

cûneífŏrm rhymes with ûniform

cúpboard rhymes with Húbbard

curaçào *curassòw

cûrate person

curâte museum

cürb stop, street = kërb BrE street

cûre-åll noun, adjective

cûrious

cürly = Cürley

cúrrant eat = cúrrent now, flow BrE; AmE cür-

currículum vìtaê

cürse cf. cŏurse

cürsed * cürst; adjective before noun may be *cürsíd

cürt blunt = Kürt person

cürtsey bow cf. cöurtesy politeness

curvâceous

cürve

cùshion cf. percússion, both -shən

cússed *cússid

cústard

cústody BrE *cústardy

cútback noun one word

cút-prîce

cútler, cútlery, light l, e as schwa (though Anne Robinson, on The Weakest Link, pronounces it with a dark l: "cúttle-ry")

cy- s-

cýclamen

cŷcle

cýclical

cŷclist

cýgnet swan = sígnet ring

cýlinder

cýmbal drums = sýmbol sign

cýnic

cýnicism

cŷnosure

cŷpher or cîpher, cf. decîpher

cŷpress tree = Cŷprus country

Cýpriot

Cýril

Cyríllic

Cŷrus

cýst

czàr or tsàr *zàr

Czéch nationality = chéck verify = BrE chéque cash

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