Angola: Difference between revisions
imported>Eddie Ortiz Nieves (added full citations) |
mNo edit summary |
||
| (40 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{subpages}} | {{subpages}} | ||
'''Angola''', officially the '''Republic of Angola''' (Portuguese: ''República de Angola''; IPA: [ʁɛ'publikɐ dɨ ɐ̃'gɔlɐ]), is a [[country]] in southern [[Africa]]. It was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[colony]] until 1975. It is a member of the [[African Union]]. Its capital and largest city is [[Luanda]], formerly known as Loanda. It uses West Africa Time. Its [[government]] is a [[republic]] and has a multi-party presidential [[regime]].<ref name=CIA>The CIA World Factbook (last updated October 4, 2007). [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html Angola]. | [[Image:Flag of Angola.gif|thumb|right|200px|The [[flag]] of Angola.]] | ||
'''Angola''', formerly the '''People's Republic of Angola''' and officially the '''Republic of Angola''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''República de Angola''; IPA: [ʁɛ'publikɐ dɨ ɐ̃'gɔlɐ]), is a [[country]] in southern [[Africa]]. It was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[colony]] from 1575 until it gained its [[independence]] in 1975, and is the largest Portuguese-speaking state in Africa. After its separation from Portugal, it underwent a bloody civil war, which lasted until 2002. It is a member of the [[African Union]]. Its capital and largest city is [[Luanda]], formerly known as Loanda. It uses West Africa Time. Its [[government]] is a [[republic]] and has a multi-party presidential [[regime]].<ref name=CIA>The CIA World Factbook (last updated October 4, 2007). [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html Angola]. Retrieved on October 17, 2007.</ref> | |||
== | ==History== | ||
Angola is divided into 18 [[province|provinces]]. These are Bengo, Benguela, Bié, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huíla, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uíge, and Zaire.<ref>Gwillim Law. ''Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids")'' (last updated on October 14, 2007). [http://www.statoids.com/uao.html Provinces of Angola]. | The earliest inhabitants of Angola were Khoisan hunters and gatherers. They were later replaced by Bantu migratory tribes. <ref>Thomas Collelo (Washington, 1991). ''Angola: A Country Study''. [http://countrystudies.us/angola/4.htm History: Precolonial Angola and the Arrival of the Portuguese]. Online version retrieved from the Library of Congress of the [[United States of America]] on October 20, 2007.</ref> In the late 15th century, the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] arrived to the coasts of Angola, and, after a short [[Netherlands|Dutch]] occupation, gained control of the country until the late 20th century. Portugal did not acquire precious metals from Angola, as with its other colonies. Instead, Angola became one of Portugal's main source for [[slavery|slaves]]. Portugal officially established its first base in Angola in 1575. <ref name=Colony>The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th edition (2007, Columbia University Press). [http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0856619.html Angola: History until Independence]. Retrieved on October 20, 2007.</ref> | ||
==Politics== | |||
[[Image:José Eduardo dos Santos.jpg|right|thumb|100px|{{#ifexist:Template:José Eduardo dos Santos.jpg/credit| | |||
{{José Eduardo dos Santos.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}José Eduardo dos Santos.]] | |||
==Military== | |||
Angola's military is composed by the Angolan Armed Forces. It is divided in three branches: the Army, the Navy (''Marinha de Guerra''), and the Angolan National Air Force, formerly known as the People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola (''Força Aérea Popular de Angola/Defesa Aérea e Antiaérea''). Military service in Angola is compulsory. Conscripts must be at least 18 years old and must serve for two years, plus training time. <ref name=CIA /> As of 2002, the army has a total manpower of 90,000 people, the navy has 4,000 personnel, and the air force has 6,000. <ref>The Encyclopedia of the Nations. [http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Angola-ARMED-FORCES.html Angola: Armed forces]. Retrieved on October 23, 2007.</ref> The Angolan Armed Forces are headed by a Chief of Staff, who reports directly to the Angolan Minister of Defense. <ref>AllAfrica Global Media. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200710090698.html ''Angola: Defence Minister Goes to Soyo for Armed Forces Anniversary Act''] Retrieved on October 23, 2007.</ref> | |||
==Administrative divisions== | |||
Angola is divided into 18 [[province|provinces]]. These are Bengo, Benguela, Bié, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huíla, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uíge, and Zaire.<ref>Gwillim Law. ''Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids")'' (last updated on October 14, 2007). [http://www.statoids.com/uao.html Provinces of Angola]. Retrieved on October 17, 2007.</ref>{{Image|Diamond mining.jpg|right|150px|A diamond miner.}} Each province is subdivided into [[municipality|municipalities]] or ''municípios'', also translated as "city councils". There are 163 total city councils in Angola.<ref>Gwillim Law. ''Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids")'' (last updated on October 14, 2007). [http://www.statoids.com/yao.html City Councils of Angola]. Retrieved on October 17, 2007.</ref> | |||
==Economy== | |||
The [[currency]] used in Angola is the Angolan kwanza. Due to warfare, Angola's economy is weak. The production of petroleum is one of its most productive industries, as it accounts for over 90% of the country's exports. The other is the production of diamonds. Angola is the fourth-largest diamond producer in the world, producing around 739 million USD in 2000. <ref>Institute for Security Studies. [http://www.iss.co.za/Af/profiles/Angola/Econ.html Angola: Economy]. Retrieved on October 18, 2007.</ref> | |||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
Angola has a total area of 481, | {{Image|Satellite Angola.jpg|right|150px|A satellite image of Angola.}} | ||
Angola has a total area of 481,354 mi² (1,246,700 km²). It is the 23rd largest country in the world <ref>The CIA World Factbook. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html Rank Order: Area]. Retrieved on October 18, 2007.</ref> and the seventh largest in the continent. <ref>Thomas Collelo (Washington, 1991). ''Angola: A Country Study''. [http://countrystudies.us/angola/51.htm Geography]. Online version retrieved from the Library of Congress of the [[United States of America]] on October 23, 2007.</ref> The country is bordered by [[Namibia]], [[Zambia]], the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], and the [[South Atlantic Ocean]]. It is divided into 18 provinces, with the Angolan exclave of Cabinda which borders the Republic of the Congo to the north separated from the other 17 by the River Congo delta.<ref>Global Security. [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/cabinda.htm Cabinda]. Retrieved on October 18, 2007.</ref> | |||
Angola's climate varies from location to location. On the country's north and eastern regions, the climate is tropical. In the south, dessert conditions prevail. There are two major seasons during the year. These are a dry season, a cool season from June to late September, and a rainy, hot season from October to April or May. The average temperature is 68°F, but is warmer along the coast and cooler on the country's center. <ref>The Encyclopedia of the Nations. [http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Angola-CLIMATE.html Angola: Climate]. Retrieved on October 23, 2007.</ref> | |||
==Demography== | ==Demography== | ||
Angola has a total population of 12,127,071, as of the 2006 estimate.<ref name=Population>http://www.nationbynation.com/Angola/Population.html</ref> 42% of the country's population is illiterate. Angola's ethnic groups include Ovimbundu (37% of the population), Kimbundu (25%), Bakongo (13%), ''mestico'' (mixed European and native African) (2%), [[Europe|European]] (1%), and others (22%).<ref name=CIA /> The country's population holds different [[religion|religious]] beliefs, including indigenous beliefs (47%), [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] beliefs (38%), and [[Protestantism|Protestant]] beliefs (15%), according to a 1998 estimate.<ref name=Population /> The official [[language]] in the country is Portuguese, but other Bantu and African languages are also spoken. <ref name=Population /> | Angola has a total population of 12,127,071, as of the 2006 estimate. <ref name=Population>The Multimedia History Company: Nation by nation. [http://www.nationbynation.com/Angola/Population.html Angola Population]. Retrieved on October 18, 2007.</ref> 42% of the country's population is illiterate. Angola's ethnic groups include Ovimbundu (37% of the population), Kimbundu (25%), Bakongo (13%), ''mestico'' (mixed European and native African) (2%), [[Europe|European]] (1%), and others (22%).<ref name=CIA /> The country's population holds different [[religion|religious]] beliefs, including indigenous beliefs (47%), [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] beliefs (38%), and [[Protestantism|Protestant]] beliefs (15%), according to a 1998 estimate.<ref name=Population /> The official [[language]] in the country is [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], but other Bantu and African languages are also spoken. <ref name=Population /> | ||
==Sports== | |||
Angolans play several sports. The country is one of the leading nations in [[basketball]] in [[Africa]]. <ref name=Profile>Africa Profile. [http://www.africaprofile.com/sports-in-angola.html Sports in Angola]. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.</ref> The country won the African Basketball Championships in 2003 and represented Africa in the 2004 Olympics in Athens, [[Greece]]. <ref>Eurobasket. [http://www.africabasket.com/events/afrc/afrc03.asp African Championships 2003]. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.</ref><ref>BBC Sport. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/2806221.stm Football: 2004 Olympic qualifiers]. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.</ref> It also participated in the 2006 World Basketball Championships in [[Japan]]. <ref>Authentic Basketball. [http://www.authenticbasketball.com/fiba_world_cup/2006_world_championship.htm FIBA Basketball World Championship Japan 2006 Summary]. Retrieved on October 23, 2007.</ref> It also qualified to take part in the 2008 Olympic Basketball Championships in Beijing, China. <ref>International Olympic Committee. [http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/beijing/full_story_uk.asp?id=2320 ''Beijing 2008: nine teams qualified for men’s basketball tournament'']. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.</ref> Another popular sport in Angola is [[association football]]. <ref name=Profile /> Angola qualified for the 2006 World Cup in [[Germany]], along with Zimbabwe and Nigeria, where it failed to qualify for the Second Round. <ref>World Cup History. [http://1800-worldcup.com/world_cup_finals/germany2006/teams/angola.htm Angola in the World Cup Finals]. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.</ref> | |||
==Culture== | |||
''This section will include information on Angolan literature, way of life, traditional food, and Angolan music and dance. <ref>Countries and Their Cultures. [http://www.everyculture.com/A-Bo/Angola.html Culture of Angola]. Retrieved on October 27, 2007.</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:00, 10 July 2024
Angola, formerly the People's Republic of Angola and officially the Republic of Angola (Portuguese: República de Angola; IPA: [ʁɛ'publikɐ dɨ ɐ̃'gɔlɐ]), is a country in southern Africa. It was a Portuguese colony from 1575 until it gained its independence in 1975, and is the largest Portuguese-speaking state in Africa. After its separation from Portugal, it underwent a bloody civil war, which lasted until 2002. It is a member of the African Union. Its capital and largest city is Luanda, formerly known as Loanda. It uses West Africa Time. Its government is a republic and has a multi-party presidential regime.[1]
History
The earliest inhabitants of Angola were Khoisan hunters and gatherers. They were later replaced by Bantu migratory tribes. [2] In the late 15th century, the Portuguese arrived to the coasts of Angola, and, after a short Dutch occupation, gained control of the country until the late 20th century. Portugal did not acquire precious metals from Angola, as with its other colonies. Instead, Angola became one of Portugal's main source for slaves. Portugal officially established its first base in Angola in 1575. [3]
Politics
Military
Angola's military is composed by the Angolan Armed Forces. It is divided in three branches: the Army, the Navy (Marinha de Guerra), and the Angolan National Air Force, formerly known as the People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola (Força Aérea Popular de Angola/Defesa Aérea e Antiaérea). Military service in Angola is compulsory. Conscripts must be at least 18 years old and must serve for two years, plus training time. [1] As of 2002, the army has a total manpower of 90,000 people, the navy has 4,000 personnel, and the air force has 6,000. [4] The Angolan Armed Forces are headed by a Chief of Staff, who reports directly to the Angolan Minister of Defense. [5]
Administrative divisions
Angola is divided into 18 provinces. These are Bengo, Benguela, Bié, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huíla, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uíge, and Zaire.[6]
Each province is subdivided into municipalities or municípios, also translated as "city councils". There are 163 total city councils in Angola.[7]
Economy
The currency used in Angola is the Angolan kwanza. Due to warfare, Angola's economy is weak. The production of petroleum is one of its most productive industries, as it accounts for over 90% of the country's exports. The other is the production of diamonds. Angola is the fourth-largest diamond producer in the world, producing around 739 million USD in 2000. [8]
Geography
Angola has a total area of 481,354 mi² (1,246,700 km²). It is the 23rd largest country in the world [9] and the seventh largest in the continent. [10] The country is bordered by Namibia, Zambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the South Atlantic Ocean. It is divided into 18 provinces, with the Angolan exclave of Cabinda which borders the Republic of the Congo to the north separated from the other 17 by the River Congo delta.[11]
Angola's climate varies from location to location. On the country's north and eastern regions, the climate is tropical. In the south, dessert conditions prevail. There are two major seasons during the year. These are a dry season, a cool season from June to late September, and a rainy, hot season from October to April or May. The average temperature is 68°F, but is warmer along the coast and cooler on the country's center. [12]
Demography
Angola has a total population of 12,127,071, as of the 2006 estimate. [13] 42% of the country's population is illiterate. Angola's ethnic groups include Ovimbundu (37% of the population), Kimbundu (25%), Bakongo (13%), mestico (mixed European and native African) (2%), European (1%), and others (22%).[1] The country's population holds different religious beliefs, including indigenous beliefs (47%), Catholic beliefs (38%), and Protestant beliefs (15%), according to a 1998 estimate.[13] The official language in the country is Portuguese, but other Bantu and African languages are also spoken. [13]
Sports
Angolans play several sports. The country is one of the leading nations in basketball in Africa. [14] The country won the African Basketball Championships in 2003 and represented Africa in the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Greece. [15][16] It also participated in the 2006 World Basketball Championships in Japan. [17] It also qualified to take part in the 2008 Olympic Basketball Championships in Beijing, China. [18] Another popular sport in Angola is association football. [14] Angola qualified for the 2006 World Cup in Germany, along with Zimbabwe and Nigeria, where it failed to qualify for the Second Round. [19]
Culture
This section will include information on Angolan literature, way of life, traditional food, and Angolan music and dance. [20]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 The CIA World Factbook (last updated October 4, 2007). Angola. Retrieved on October 17, 2007.
- ↑ Thomas Collelo (Washington, 1991). Angola: A Country Study. History: Precolonial Angola and the Arrival of the Portuguese. Online version retrieved from the Library of Congress of the United States of America on October 20, 2007.
- ↑ The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th edition (2007, Columbia University Press). Angola: History until Independence. Retrieved on October 20, 2007.
- ↑ The Encyclopedia of the Nations. Angola: Armed forces. Retrieved on October 23, 2007.
- ↑ AllAfrica Global Media. Angola: Defence Minister Goes to Soyo for Armed Forces Anniversary Act Retrieved on October 23, 2007.
- ↑ Gwillim Law. Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids") (last updated on October 14, 2007). Provinces of Angola. Retrieved on October 17, 2007.
- ↑ Gwillim Law. Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids") (last updated on October 14, 2007). City Councils of Angola. Retrieved on October 17, 2007.
- ↑ Institute for Security Studies. Angola: Economy. Retrieved on October 18, 2007.
- ↑ The CIA World Factbook. Rank Order: Area. Retrieved on October 18, 2007.
- ↑ Thomas Collelo (Washington, 1991). Angola: A Country Study. Geography. Online version retrieved from the Library of Congress of the United States of America on October 23, 2007.
- ↑ Global Security. Cabinda. Retrieved on October 18, 2007.
- ↑ The Encyclopedia of the Nations. Angola: Climate. Retrieved on October 23, 2007.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 The Multimedia History Company: Nation by nation. Angola Population. Retrieved on October 18, 2007.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Africa Profile. Sports in Angola. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.
- ↑ Eurobasket. African Championships 2003. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.
- ↑ BBC Sport. Football: 2004 Olympic qualifiers. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.
- ↑ Authentic Basketball. FIBA Basketball World Championship Japan 2006 Summary. Retrieved on October 23, 2007.
- ↑ International Olympic Committee. Beijing 2008: nine teams qualified for men’s basketball tournament. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.
- ↑ World Cup History. Angola in the World Cup Finals. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.
- ↑ Countries and Their Cultures. Culture of Angola. Retrieved on October 27, 2007.