Hassan al-Turabi: Difference between revisions
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| author = Milton Viorst | | author = Milton Viorst | ||
| publisher = Westview | | publisher = Westview | ||
| year = 2001 | isbn = 0813339022}}, p. 109</ref> to Speaker of the parliament, to political prisoner. He described his approach as an "Islamic experiment", with hard proselytizing, sometimes by force, but then with a relatively moderate approach to enforcing Islamic law. He was [[Osama bin Laden | | year = 2001 | isbn = 0813339022}}, p. 109</ref> to Speaker of the parliament, to political prisoner. He described his approach as an "Islamic experiment", with hard proselytizing, sometimes by force, but then with a relatively moderate approach to enforcing Islamic law. He was [[Osama bin Laden's patron while bin Laden was based in Sudan. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
He was born to a [[Sufism|Sufi | He was born to a [[Sufism|Sufi leader, and took graduate degrees in law in London and Paris; he was the first Sudanese to earn a doctorate from the [[Sorbonne. He joined the [[Muslim Brotherhood in Sudan, and became secretary-general, between 1964 and 1969, of the Islamic Charter Front, the Sudanese branch of the Brotherhood, which called for an Islamic constitution. <ref name=BBC2009-01-15>{{citation | ||
| title = Profile: Sudan's Islamist leader | | title = Profile: Sudan's Islamist leader | ||
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3190770.stm | | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3190770.stm | ||
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| date = 15 January 2009}}</ref> | | date = 15 January 2009}}</ref> | ||
He was imprisoned after a coup that brought Jaafar Nimeiri to power in 1969, he was jailed for six years, then went to exile in Libya. Nimeiri, in a 1979 move to bring Islamists into the government, appointed him attorney general. This began a back-and-forth between Turabi's Islamic approach and a more pragmatic approach of military leaders, beginning with Nimeiri and continuing to the present [[Omar al-Bashir | He was imprisoned after a coup that brought Jaafar Nimeiri to power in 1969, he was jailed for six years, then went to exile in Libya. Nimeiri, in a 1979 move to bring Islamists into the government, appointed him attorney general. This began a back-and-forth between Turabi's Islamic approach and a more pragmatic approach of military leaders, beginning with Nimeiri and continuing to the present [[Omar al-Bashir. | ||
==National Islamic Front== | ==National Islamic Front== | ||
Before the 1985 coup, led by [ al-Bashir | Before the 1985 coup, led by [ al-Bashir that overthrew Nimeiri, Turabi was imprisoned. When freed, he restructured the Islamic Charter Front into the National Islamic Front (NIF). | ||
==International relationships== | ==International relationships== | ||
At various times, he has been affiliated with [[al-Qaeda | At various times, he has been affiliated with [[al-Qaeda, [[Saddam Hussein, Saddam's Kurdish opposition, and other groups, sometimes simultaneously with opponents. | ||
===Osama bin Laden=== | ===Osama bin Laden=== | ||
In an interview, Turabi said bin Laden only visited his home once, and their relationship was cool; he described bin Laden as an investor rather than part of public life. While Turabi said he never invited him for dinner, Turabi's wife spoke of hosting the bin Ladens for a small dinner, but "Sheikh Osama was not such an important person in the Sudan."<ref name=Bergen>{{citation | In an interview, Turabi said bin Laden only visited his home once, and their relationship was cool; he described bin Laden as an investor rather than part of public life. While Turabi said he never invited him for dinner, Turabi's wife spoke of hosting the bin Ladens for a small dinner, but "Sheikh Osama was not such an important person in the Sudan."<ref name=Bergen>{{citation | ||
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| year= 2004 }}, p. 57</ref> | | year= 2004 }}, p. 57</ref> | ||
===Saddam Hussein=== | ===Saddam Hussein=== | ||
[[Dick Cheney | [[Dick Cheney said that al-Turabi facilitated the relationship between al-Qaeda and Sadam Hussein. <ref name=WS2003-11-24>{{citation | ||
| journal = Weekly Standard (U.K.) | | journal = Weekly Standard (U.K.) | ||
| date = November 24, 2003 | | date = November 24, 2003 | ||
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One of the factors in the most recent Sudanese civil war was the objection of South Sudan to the imposition of Islamic law and Arabic language on a population of mixed religion and ethnicity. Al-Turabi was especially associated with this position. | One of the factors in the most recent Sudanese civil war was the objection of South Sudan to the imposition of Islamic law and Arabic language on a population of mixed religion and ethnicity. Al-Turabi was especially associated with this position. | ||
While the NIF achieved 3rd place in the 1986 elections, and he became minister of justice, attorney general, minister of foreign affairs, and eventually deputy prime minister, he resigned all posts in 1989. The NIF refused to endorse a power-sharing agreement with the major southern organization, the [[Sudanese People's Liberation Movement | While the NIF achieved 3rd place in the 1986 elections, and he became minister of justice, attorney general, minister of foreign affairs, and eventually deputy prime minister, he resigned all posts in 1989. The NIF refused to endorse a power-sharing agreement with the major southern organization, the [[Sudanese People's Liberation Movement. He was briefly imprisoned, but returned to the Northern government. | ||
==Darfur== | ==Darfur== | ||
He has been supportive of one of the Darfur resistance groups, the [[Justice and Equality Movement | He has been supportive of one of the Darfur resistance groups, the [[Justice and Equality Movement (JEM). | ||
==Threats against Khartoum== | ==Threats against Khartoum== |
Revision as of 07:30, 18 March 2024
This article may be deleted soon. | ||
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Hassan al-Turabi (1932-) is a Sudanese politician and Islamic scholar. Within Sudanese politics, his role has ranged from a "philosopher-king" of no official status but immense influence,[1] to Speaker of the parliament, to political prisoner. He described his approach as an "Islamic experiment", with hard proselytizing, sometimes by force, but then with a relatively moderate approach to enforcing Islamic law. He was [[Osama bin Laden's patron while bin Laden was based in Sudan. Early lifeHe was born to a [[Sufism|Sufi leader, and took graduate degrees in law in London and Paris; he was the first Sudanese to earn a doctorate from the [[Sorbonne. He joined the [[Muslim Brotherhood in Sudan, and became secretary-general, between 1964 and 1969, of the Islamic Charter Front, the Sudanese branch of the Brotherhood, which called for an Islamic constitution. [2] He was imprisoned after a coup that brought Jaafar Nimeiri to power in 1969, he was jailed for six years, then went to exile in Libya. Nimeiri, in a 1979 move to bring Islamists into the government, appointed him attorney general. This began a back-and-forth between Turabi's Islamic approach and a more pragmatic approach of military leaders, beginning with Nimeiri and continuing to the present [[Omar al-Bashir. National Islamic FrontBefore the 1985 coup, led by [ al-Bashir that overthrew Nimeiri, Turabi was imprisoned. When freed, he restructured the Islamic Charter Front into the National Islamic Front (NIF). International relationshipsAt various times, he has been affiliated with [[al-Qaeda, [[Saddam Hussein, Saddam's Kurdish opposition, and other groups, sometimes simultaneously with opponents. Osama bin LadenIn an interview, Turabi said bin Laden only visited his home once, and their relationship was cool; he described bin Laden as an investor rather than part of public life. While Turabi said he never invited him for dinner, Turabi's wife spoke of hosting the bin Ladens for a small dinner, but "Sheikh Osama was not such an important person in the Sudan."[3] The U.S. 9/11 Commission, however, said "By the fall of 1989, Bin Ladin had sufficient stature among Islamic extremists that a Sudanese political leader, Hassan al Turabi, urged him to transplant his whole organization to Sudan... Bin Ladin agreed to help Turabi in an ongoing war against African Christian separatists in southern Sudan and also to do some road building. Turabi in return would let Bin Ladin use Sudan as a base for worldwide business operations and for preparations for jihad." [4] Saddam Hussein[[Dick Cheney said that al-Turabi facilitated the relationship between al-Qaeda and Sadam Hussein. [5] Sudanese power-sharingOne of the factors in the most recent Sudanese civil war was the objection of South Sudan to the imposition of Islamic law and Arabic language on a population of mixed religion and ethnicity. Al-Turabi was especially associated with this position. While the NIF achieved 3rd place in the 1986 elections, and he became minister of justice, attorney general, minister of foreign affairs, and eventually deputy prime minister, he resigned all posts in 1989. The NIF refused to endorse a power-sharing agreement with the major southern organization, the [[Sudanese People's Liberation Movement. He was briefly imprisoned, but returned to the Northern government. DarfurHe has been supportive of one of the Darfur resistance groups, the [[Justice and Equality Movement (JEM). Threats against KhartoumIn May 2008, he was arrested after JEM members attacked Khartoum, although he was later released.[6] References
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