Governor General of Canada: Difference between revisions

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Unlike the [[United States of America]], Canada's evolution to full sovereignty has been gradual.  Originally the recommendation as to who should be the next Governor General was made in the [[United Kingdom]], by the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].  More recently the recommendation has been made by the [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
Unlike the [[United States of America]], Canada's evolution to full sovereignty has been gradual.  Originally the recommendation as to who should be the next Governor General was made in the [[United Kingdom]], by the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].  More recently the recommendation has been made by the [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
==Governors general of Canada, 1867–present==
{{main|Governor General of Canada}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" width="65" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" width="250" | Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" |Profession
! colspan="3" | Term of office
! rowspan="2" width="100" |[[List of British monarchs|Monarch]]<br />{{small|Reign}}
! rowspan="2" width="100" |[[List of prime ministers of Canada|Prime Minister]]<br />{{small|Term of office}}
! rowspan="2" |Ref.
|-
! width="85" | {{small|Took office}}
! width="85" | {{small|Left office}}
! width="85" | {{small|Duration}}
|-
|1
|[[File:GG-Charles Monck.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck|The Viscount Monck]]<br/>{{small|(1819–1894)}}
|Politician
|{{Small|1 July}}<br/>1867
|{{Small|14 November}}<br/>1868
|{{ayd|1867|07|01|1868|11|14}}
| rowspan="15" |[[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]<br/>{{small|(1837–1901)}}
| rowspan="3" |Sir [[John A. Macdonald]]<br/>{{small|(1867–1873)}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=The Viscount Monck |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/governor-general/former-governors-general/viscount-monck |website=The Governor General of Canada |publisher=Office of the Secretary to the Governor General}}</ref>
|-
|2
|[[File:GG-John Young.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar|The Lord Lisgar]]<br/>{{small|(1807–1876)}}
|Politician
|{{Small|14 November}}<br/>1868
|{{Small|25 June}}<br/>1872
|{{ayd|1869|02|02|1872|06|25}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Sir John Young, Baron Lisgar |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-john-young-baron-lisgar |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:40px;"
| rowspan="3" |3
| rowspan="3" |[[File:GG-Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|The Earl of Dufferin]]<br/>{{small|(1826–1902)}}
| rowspan="3" |Diplomat
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|25 June}}<br/>1872
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|25 November}}<br/>1878
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1872|06|25|1878|11|25}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Lord Dufferin |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/frederick-temple-blackwood-1st-marquess-of-dufferin-and-ava |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|[[Alexander Mackenzie (politician)|Alexander Mackenzie]]<br/>{{small|(1873–1878)}}
|- style="height:40px;"
| rowspan="4" |Sir John A. Macdonald<br/>{{small|(1878–1891)}}
|-
|4
|[[File:GG-John Campbell.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll|John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne]]<br/>{{small|(1845–1914)}}
|Author,<br />Politician
|{{Small|25 November}}<br />1878
|{{Small|23 October}}<br />1883
|{{ayd|1878|11|25|1883|10|23}}
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, Marquess of Lorne |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-douglas-sutherland-campbell-marquess-of-lorne |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|5
|[[File:GG-Henry Petty-FitzMaurice.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|The Marquess of Lansdowne]]<br/>{{small|(1845–1927)}}
|Politician
|{{Small|23 October}}<br/>1883
|{{Small|11 June}}<br/>1888
|{{ayd|1883|10|23|1888|06|11}}
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=The Marquess of Landsdowne, Governor General of Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/henry-charles-keith-petty-fitzmaurice-5th-marquess-of-lansdowne |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:40px;"
| rowspan="3" |6
| rowspan="3" |[[File:GG-Frederick Stanley.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby|The Lord Stanley of Preston]]<br/>{{small|(1841–1908)}}
| rowspan="3" |Politician
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|11 June}}<br />1888
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|18 September}}<br />1893
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1888|06|11|1893|09|18}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Lord Stanley |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/frederick-arthur-stanley-baron-stanley-of-preston-16th-earl-of-derby |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|[[John Abbott|Sir John Abbott]]<br/>{{small|(1891–1892)}}
|- style="height:40px;"
| rowspan="2" |[[John Sparrow David Thompson|Sir John Sparrow David Thompson]]<br/>{{small|(1892–1894)}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |7
| rowspan="4" |[[File:John Hamilton Gordon Earl of Aberdeen 1884.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="4" |[[John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair|The Earl of Aberdeen]]<br/>{{small|(1847–1934)}}
| rowspan="4" |Politician
| rowspan="4" |{{Small|18 September}}<br/>1893
| rowspan="4" |{{Small|12 November}}<br/>1898
| rowspan="4" |{{ayd|1893|09|18|1898|11|12}}
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-campbell-gordon-1st-marquess-of-aberdeen |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mackenzie Bowell|Sir Mackenzie Bowell]]<br/>{{small|(1894–1896)}}
|-
|[[Charles Tupper|Sir Charles Tupper]]<br/>{{small|(1896)}}
|- style="height:40px;"
| rowspan="5" |Sir [[Wilfrid Laurier]]<br/>{{small|(1896–1911)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |8
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|The Earl of Minto]]<br/>{{small|(1845–1914)}}
| rowspan="2" |Military officer
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|12 November}}<br />1898
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|10 December}}<br />1904
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1898|11|12|1904|12|10}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Gibert John Murray Kynynmound Elliot, 4th Earl of Minto |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gilbert-john-murray-kynynmond-elliot-4th-earl-of-minto |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Edward VII]]<br/>{{small|(1901–1910)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="3" |9
| rowspan="3" |[[File:GG-Albert Grey.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey|The Earl Grey]]<br/>{{small|(1851–1917)}}
| rowspan="3" |Politician
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|10 December}}<br/>1904
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|13 October}}<br/>1911
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1904|12|10|1911|10|13}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/albert-grey-4th-earl-grey |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="14" |[[George V]]<br/>{{small|(1910–1936)}}
|- style="height:50px;"
| rowspan="3" |Sir [[Robert Borden]]<br/>{{small|(1911–1920)}}
|-
|10
|[[File:GG-Prince Arthur.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]]<br/>{{small|(1850–1942)}}
|Military officer
|{{Small|13 October}}<br/>1911
|{{Small|11 November}}<br/>1916
|{{ayd|1911|10|13|1916|11|11}}
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/prince-arthur-1st-duke-of-connaught-and-strathearn |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |11
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Victor Cavendish.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire|The Duke of Devonshire]]<br/>{{small|(1868–1938)}}
| rowspan="2" |Politician
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|11 November}}<br />1916
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|11 August}}<br />1921
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1916|11|11|1921|08|11}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/victor-cavendish-9th-duke-of-devonshire |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Arthur Meighen]]<br/>{{small|(1920–1921)}}
|- style="height:50px;"
| rowspan="4" |12
| rowspan="4" |[[File:GG-Julian Byng.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy|The Viscount Byng of Vimy]]<br/>{{small|(1862–1935)}}
| rowspan="4" |Military officer
| rowspan="4" |{{Small|11 August}}<br/>1921
| rowspan="4" |{{Small|2 October}}<br/>1926
| rowspan="4" |{{ayd|1921|08|11|1926|10|02}}
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Viscount Byng of Vimy |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/julian-byng-1st-viscount-byng-of-vimy |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|[[William Lyon Mackenzie King]]<br/>{{small|(1921–1926)}}
|-
|Arthur Meighen<br/>{{small|(1926)}}
|- style="height:50px;"
| rowspan="2" |William Lyon Mackenzie King<br/>{{small|(1926–1930)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |13
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Freeman Freeman-Thomas.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|The Marquess of Willingdon]]<br/>{{small|(1866–1941)}}
| rowspan="2" |Politician
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|2 October}}<br />1926
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|4 April}}<br />1931
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1926|10|02|1931|04|04}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |title=The Marquess of Willingdon |url=https://archive.gg.ca/gg/fgg/bios/01/willingdon_e.asp |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=Governor General of Canada |publisher=Office of the Governor General}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |[[R.B. Bennett]]<br/>{{small|(1930–1935)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |14
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Vere Ponsonby.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough|The Earl of Bessborough]]<br/>{{small|(1880–1956)}}
| rowspan="2" |Businessman
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|4 April}}<br/>1931
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|2 November}}<br/>1935
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1931|04|04|1935|11|02}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |title=Vere Barbazon Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/vere-brabazon-ponsonby-9th-earl-of-bessborough |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="6" |William Lyon Mackenzie King<br/>{{small|(1935–1948)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="3" |15
| rowspan="3" |[[File:GG-John Buchan.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[John Buchan|The Lord Tweedsmuir]]<br/>{{small|(1875–1940)}}
| rowspan="3" |Author, Politician
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|2 November}}<br/>1935
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|11 February}}<br/>1940
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1935|11|02|1940|2|11}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |title=John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-buchan-1st-baron-tweedsmuir-1 |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|[[Edward VIII]]<br/>{{small|(1936)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="4" |[[George VI]]<br/>{{small|(1936–1952)}}
|-
|16
|[[File:GG-Alexander Cambridge.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone|The Earl of Athlone]]<br/>{{small|(1874–1957)}}
|Military officer
|{{Small|21 June}}<br/>1940
|{{Small|12 April}}<br/>1946
|{{ayd|1940|06|21|1946|04|12}}
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alexander-cambridge-earl-of-athlone |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |17
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Harold Alexander.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|The Viscount Alexander of Tunis]]<br/>{{small|(1891–1969)}}
| rowspan="2" |Military officer
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|12 April}}<br/>1946
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|28 January}}<br/>1952
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1946|04|12|1952|02|06}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |title=Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/harold-alexander-1st-earl-alexander-of-tunis |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Louis St. Laurent]]<br/>{{small|(1948–1957)}}
|- style="height:40px;"
| rowspan="2" |18
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Governor General Vincent Massey (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Vincent Massey]]<br/>{{small|(1887–1967)}}
| rowspan="2" |Diplomat
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|28 February}}<br/>1952
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|15 September}}<br/>1959
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1952|02|28|1959|09|15}}
| rowspan="25" |[[Elizabeth II]]<br/>{{small|(1952–2022)}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Granatstein |first1=J.L. |title=Vincent Massey |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/massey-charles-vincent |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:40px;"
| rowspan="2" |[[John Diefenbaker]]<br/>{{small|(1957–1963)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |19
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Vanier.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Georges Vanier]]<br/>{{small|(1888–1967)}}
| rowspan="2" |Military officer,<br/>Diplomat
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|15 September}}<br/>1959
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|5 March}}<br/>1967
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1959|09|15|1967|03|05}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Monet |first1=Jacques |title=Georges Vanier |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/georges-phileas-vanier |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |[[Lester B. Pearson]]<br/>{{small|(1963–1968)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |20
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Governor General Roland Michener at Alma College graduation ceremonies 1972 (crop).jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Roland Michener]]<br/>{{small|(1900–1991)}}
| rowspan="2" |Politician
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|17 April}}<br />1967
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|14 January}}<br />1974
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1967|04|17|1974|01|14}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |title=Roland Michener |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/daniel-roland-michener |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="3" |[[Pierre Trudeau]]<br/>{{small|(1968–1979)}}
|-
|21
|
|[[Jules Léger]]<br/>{{small|(1913–1980)}}
|Diplomat
|{{Small|14 January}}<br/>1974
|{{Small|22 January}}<br/>1979
|{{ayd|1974|01|14|1979|01|22}}
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Monet |first1=Jacques |title=Jules Leger |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jules-leger |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="3" |22
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Ed Schreyer (3).jpg|102x102px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Edward Schreyer]]<br/>{{small|(born 1935)}}
| rowspan="3" |Politician
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|22 January}}<br/>1979
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|14 May}}<br/>1984
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1979|01|22|1984|05|14}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |title=Ed Schreyer |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edward-richard-schreyer |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|[[Joe Clark]]<br/>{{small|(1979–1980)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |Pierre Trudeau<br/>{{small|(1980–1984)}}
|- style="height:45px;"
| rowspan="3" |23
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Jeanne Sauvé 1984 Ottawa Canada (crop).jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Jeanne Sauvé]]<br/>{{small|(1922–1993)}}
| rowspan="3" |Journalist,<br/>Politician
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|14 May}}<br/>1984
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|29 January}}<br/>1990
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1984|05|14|1990|01|29}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tremblay |first1=Jean-Noel |title=Jeanne Sauvé |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jeanne-mathilde-sauve |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|[[John Turner]]<br/>{{small|(1984)}}
|- style="height:45px;"
| rowspan="2" |[[Brian Mulroney]]<br/>{{small|(1984–1993)}}
|- style="height:35px;"
| rowspan="3" |24
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Ray Hnatyshyn]]<br/>{{small|(1934–2002)}}
| rowspan="3" |Politician
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|29 January}}<br/>1990
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|8 February}}<br/>1995
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1990|01|29|1995|02|08}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |title=Ray Hnatyshyn |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ramon-john-hnatyshyn |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kim Campbell]]<br/>{{small|(1993)}}
|- style="height:35px;"
| rowspan="3" |[[Jean Chrétien]]<br/>{{small|(1993–2003)}}
|-
|25
|
|[[Roméo LeBlanc]]<br/>{{small|(1927–2009)}}
|Journalist,<br />Politician
|{{Small|8 February}}<br/>1995
|{{Small|7 October}}<br/>1999
|{{ayd|1995|02|07|1999|10|07}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Roméo LeBlanc |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/romeo-a-leblanc |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |26
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Adrienne Clarkson2.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Adrienne Clarkson]]<br/>{{small|(born 1939)}}
| rowspan="2" |Journalist
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|7 October}}<br/>1999
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|27 September}}<br/>2005
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1999|10|07|2005|09|27}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Adrienne Clarkson |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/adrienne-louise-clarkson |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Paul Martin]]<br/>{{small|(2003–2006)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |27
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Michaëlle Jean.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Michaëlle Jean]]<br/>{{small|(born 1957)}}
| rowspan="2" |Journalist
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|27 September}}<br/>2005
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|1 October}}<br/>2010
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|2005|09|27|2010|10|01}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Michaëlle Jean |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michaelle-jean |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |[[Stephen Harper]]<br/>{{small|(2006–2015)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |28
| rowspan="2" |[[File:David Johnston 2011-12-01.jpg|128x128px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[David Johnston]]<br/>{{small|(born 1941)}}
| rowspan="2" |Law professor,<br/>University administrator
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|1 October}}<br/>2010
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|2 October}}<br/>2017
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|2010|10|01|2017|10|02}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Azzi |first1=Stephen |title=David Lloyd Johnston |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/david-lloyd-johnston |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref><br/><ref name=ctvnews.ca2>{{cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Incoming Governor General Julie Payette drops attempt to seal U.S. court records |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/incoming-governor-general-julie-payette-drops-attempt-to-seal-u-s-court-records-1.3555331 |website=ctvnews.ca}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="4" |[[Justin Trudeau]]<br/>{{small|(since 2015)}}
|-
|29
|[[File:Julie Payette 2017.jpg|125x125px]]
|[[Julie Payette]]<br/>{{small|(born 1963)}}
|Astronaut,<br />Engineer
|{{Small|2 October}}<br/>2017
|{{Small|22 January}}<br/>2021
|{{ayd|2017|10|02|2021|01|22}}
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raymond |first1=Katrine |title=Julie Payette |url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/julie-payette |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref><br /><ref name=ctvnews.ca>{{cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Incoming Governor General Julie Payette drops attempt to seal U.S. court records |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/incoming-governor-general-julie-payette-drops-attempt-to-seal-u-s-court-records-1.3555331 |website=ctvnews.ca}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web |last=General |first=Office of the Secretary to the Governor |date=September 22, 2017 |title=Former Governors General |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/governor-general/former-governors-general |access-date=January 30, 2021 |website=The Governor General of Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |30
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada.jpg|141x141px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mary Simon]]<br/>{{small|(born 1947)}}
| rowspan="2" |Broadcaster,<br />Diplomat
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|26 July}}<br />2021
| rowspan="2" |Incumbent
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|2021|07|26|||}}
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|[[Charles III]]<br/>{{small|(since 2022)}}
|}

Revision as of 23:49, 3 January 2024

Canada is a Constitutional monarchy, and the Governor General of Canada is delegated to act as the de facto Head of State, on behalf of the actual head of State, the current monarch.

The current monarch appoints the Governor General, but, in practice, monarchs always defer to the advice of the Prime Minister.

Unlike the United States of America, Canada's evolution to full sovereignty has been gradual. Originally the recommendation as to who should be the next Governor General was made in the United Kingdom, by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. More recently the recommendation has been made by the Prime Minister of Canada.

Governors general of Canada, 1867–present

For more information, see: Governor General of Canada.


No. Portrait Name
Template:Small 		Profession Term of office Monarch
Template:Small 		Prime Minister
Template:Small 		Ref.
Template:Small Template:Small Template:Small
1 GG-Charles Monck.jpg The Viscount Monck
Template:Small 		Politician Template:Small
1867 		Template:Small
1868 		Template:Ayd Victoria
Template:Small 		Sir John A. Macdonald
Template:Small 		[1]
2 GG-John Young.jpg The Lord Lisgar
Template:Small 		Politician Template:Small
1868 		Template:Small
1872 		Template:Ayd [2]
3 GG-Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood.jpg The Earl of Dufferin
Template:Small 		Diplomat Template:Small
1872 		Template:Small
1878 		Template:Ayd [3]
Alexander Mackenzie
Template:Small
Sir John A. Macdonald
Template:Small
4 GG-John Campbell.jpg John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne
Template:Small 		Author,
Politician 		Template:Small
1878 		Template:Small
1883 		Template:Ayd [4]
5 GG-Henry Petty-FitzMaurice.jpg The Marquess of Lansdowne
Template:Small 		Politician Template:Small
1883 		Template:Small
1888 		Template:Ayd [5]
6 GG-Frederick Stanley.jpg The Lord Stanley of Preston
Template:Small 		Politician Template:Small
1888 		Template:Small
1893 		Template:Ayd [6]
Sir John Abbott
Template:Small
Sir John Sparrow David Thompson
Template:Small
7 John Hamilton Gordon Earl of Aberdeen 1884.jpg The Earl of Aberdeen
Template:Small 		Politician Template:Small
1893 		Template:Small
1898 		Template:Ayd [7]
Sir Mackenzie Bowell
Template:Small
Sir Charles Tupper
Template:Small
Sir Wilfrid Laurier
Template:Small
8 GG-Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound.jpg The Earl of Minto
Template:Small 		Military officer Template:Small
1898 		Template:Small
1904 		Template:Ayd [8]
Edward VII
Template:Small
9 GG-Albert Grey.jpg The Earl Grey
Template:Small 		Politician Template:Small
1904 		Template:Small
1911 		Template:Ayd [9]
George V
Template:Small
Sir Robert Borden
Template:Small
10 GG-Prince Arthur.jpg Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
Template:Small 		Military officer Template:Small
1911 		Template:Small
1916 		Template:Ayd [10]
11 GG-Victor Cavendish.jpg The Duke of Devonshire
Template:Small 		Politician Template:Small
1916 		Template:Small
1921 		Template:Ayd [11]
Arthur Meighen
Template:Small
12 GG-Julian Byng.jpg The Viscount Byng of Vimy
Template:Small 		Military officer Template:Small
1921 		Template:Small
1926 		Template:Ayd [12]
William Lyon Mackenzie King
Template:Small
Arthur Meighen
Template:Small
William Lyon Mackenzie King
Template:Small
13 GG-Freeman Freeman-Thomas.jpg The Marquess of Willingdon
Template:Small 		Politician Template:Small
1926 		Template:Small
1931 		Template:Ayd [13]
R.B. Bennett
Template:Small
14 GG-Vere Ponsonby.jpg The Earl of Bessborough
Template:Small 		Businessman Template:Small
1931 		Template:Small
1935 		Template:Ayd [14]
William Lyon Mackenzie King
Template:Small
15 GG-John Buchan.jpg The Lord Tweedsmuir
Template:Small 		Author, Politician Template:Small
1935 		Template:Small
1940 		Template:Ayd [15]
Edward VIII
Template:Small
George VI
Template:Small
16 GG-Alexander Cambridge.jpg The Earl of Athlone
Template:Small 		Military officer Template:Small
1940 		Template:Small
1946 		Template:Ayd [16]
17 GG-Harold Alexander.jpg The Viscount Alexander of Tunis
Template:Small 		Military officer Template:Small
1946 		Template:Small
1952 		Template:Ayd [17]
Louis St. Laurent
Template:Small
18 Governor General Vincent Massey (cropped).jpg Vincent Massey
Template:Small 		Diplomat Template:Small
1952 		Template:Small
1959 		Template:Ayd Elizabeth II
Template:Small 		[18]
John Diefenbaker
Template:Small
19 GG-Vanier.jpg Georges Vanier
Template:Small 		Military officer,
Diplomat 		Template:Small
1959 		Template:Small
1967 		Template:Ayd [19]
Lester B. Pearson
Template:Small
20 Governor General Roland Michener at Alma College graduation ceremonies 1972 (crop).jpg Roland Michener
Template:Small 		Politician Template:Small
1967 		Template:Small
1974 		Template:Ayd [20]
Pierre Trudeau
Template:Small
21 Jules Léger
Template:Small 		Diplomat Template:Small
1974 		Template:Small
1979 		Template:Ayd [21]
22 Ed Schreyer (3).jpg Edward Schreyer
Template:Small 		Politician Template:Small
1979 		Template:Small
1984 		Template:Ayd [22]
Joe Clark
Template:Small
Pierre Trudeau
Template:Small
23 Jeanne Sauvé 1984 Ottawa Canada (crop).jpg Jeanne Sauvé
Template:Small 		Journalist,
Politician 		Template:Small
1984 		Template:Small
1990 		Template:Ayd [23]
John Turner
Template:Small
Brian Mulroney
Template:Small
24 Ray Hnatyshyn
Template:Small 		Politician Template:Small
1990 		Template:Small
1995 		Template:Ayd [24]
Kim Campbell
Template:Small
Jean Chrétien
Template:Small
25 Roméo LeBlanc
Template:Small 		Journalist,
Politician 		Template:Small
1995 		Template:Small
1999 		Template:Ayd [25]
26 GG-Adrienne Clarkson2.jpg Adrienne Clarkson
Template:Small 		Journalist Template:Small
1999 		Template:Small
2005 		Template:Ayd [26]
Paul Martin
Template:Small
27 GG-Michaëlle Jean.jpg Michaëlle Jean
Template:Small 		Journalist Template:Small
2005 		Template:Small
2010 		Template:Ayd [27]
Stephen Harper
Template:Small
28 David Johnston 2011-12-01.jpg David Johnston
Template:Small 		Law professor,
University administrator 		Template:Small
2010 		Template:Small
2017 		Template:Ayd [28]
[29]
Justin Trudeau
Template:Small
29 Julie Payette 2017.jpg Julie Payette
Template:Small 		Astronaut,
Engineer 		Template:Small
2017 		Template:Small
2021 		Template:Ayd [30]
[31]
[32]
30 Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada.jpg Mary Simon
Template:Small 		Broadcaster,
Diplomat 		Template:Small
2021 		Incumbent Template:Ayd
Charles III
Template:Small
  1. ↑ The Viscount Monck. Office of the Secretary to the Governor General.
  2. ↑ Sir John Young, Baron Lisgar. Historica Canada.
  3. ↑ Lord Dufferin. Historica Canada.
  4. ↑ John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, Marquess of Lorne. Historica Canada.
  5. ↑ The Marquess of Landsdowne, Governor General of Canada. Historica Canada.
  6. ↑ Lord Stanley. Historica Canada.
  7. ↑ John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen. Historica Canada.
  8. ↑ Gibert John Murray Kynynmound Elliot, 4th Earl of Minto. Historica Canada.
  9. ↑ Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey. Historica Canada.
  10. ↑ Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn. Historica Canada.
  11. ↑ Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire. Historica Canada.
  12. ↑ Viscount Byng of Vimy. Historica Canada.
  13. ↑ The Marquess of Willingdon. Office of the Governor General.
  14. ↑ Vere Barbazon Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough. Historica Canada.
  15. ↑ John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir. Historica Canada.
  16. ↑ Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone.
  17. ↑ Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis. Historica Canada.
  18. ↑ Vincent Massey. Historica Canada.
  19. ↑ Georges Vanier. Historica Canada.
  20. ↑ Roland Michener. Historica Canada.
  21. ↑ Jules Leger. Historica Canada.
  22. ↑ Ed Schreyer. Historica Canada.
  23. ↑ Jeanne Sauvé. Historica Canada.
  24. ↑ Ray Hnatyshyn. Historica Canada.
  25. ↑ Roméo LeBlanc. Historica Canada.
  26. ↑ Adrienne Clarkson. Historica Canada.
  27. ↑ Michaëlle Jean. Historica Canada.
  28. ↑ David Lloyd Johnston. Historica Canada.
  29. ↑ Incoming Governor General Julie Payette drops attempt to seal U.S. court records (21 August 2017).
  30. ↑ Julie Payette. Historica Canada.
  31. ↑ Incoming Governor General Julie Payette drops attempt to seal U.S. court records (21 August 2017).
  32. ↑ General, Office of the Secretary to the Governor (September 22, 2017). Former Governors General.
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