Jet Set Willy

Jet Set Willy
Part of the Miner Willy series
Genre(s)	Platform game
Year of Release	1984
Platform(s)	ZX Spectrum with later ports to other systems
Developer(s)	Matthew Smith
Publisher(s)	Software Projects

Jet Set Willy is a platform game created by Matthew Smith and published by Software Projects in 1984 originally for the ZX Spectrum. It is the sequel to Manic Miner and the second in the Miner Willy series.

Plot

Miner Willy is a millionaire with his own mansion, yacht and housemaid. After throwing yet another big party his maid Maria puts her foot down and insists that he go around the place and collect all of the items that have been left around after the party. Only then will he be allowed to go to bed.

The mansion previously belonged to an unknown gentleman who mysteriously disappeared one night whilst working in the laboratory. Most of the mansion is unexplored, and there are some very strange things going on! Willy must keep his wits about him as he avoids all manner of strange creatures.

For most of the game Maria blocks the entrance to the master bed. Once Willy has collected all of the items she disappears, and the player may enter the bed to finish the game. When this happens Willy automatically runs at double speed towards The Bathroom, sticks his head in it and waggles his legs in the air. This is the ending of the game, and the game must be reloaded to play it again.

Graphics and sound

© Screenshot: Software Projects
Screenshot of the room named Ballroom West

The graphics available for the ZX Spectrum limited the game to using only 8 colours, and then only 2 colors per 8x8 pixel block. Music was also limited to short tunes that could only be played one note at a time. Bearing these limitations in mind Jet Set Willy made excellent use of both graphics and sound. CRASH magazine said "Quite simply, the sound is excellent, the graphics are brill and the colour is great."

The original version of Jet Set Willy played a modified version of If I Were a Rich Man from Fiddler on the Roof. Some later versions instead played In The Halls Of The Mountain Kings by Edvard Hagerup Grieg, which was also the theme tune for Manic Miner. In both versions when a life was lost the pitch of the music was altered downwards.

Gameplay

Gameplay was quite simple and there were only three controls - left, right and jump. Willy is also capable of holding onto and jumping from ropes, and climbing stairways. The player must move Willy around the house collecting the flashing objects whilst avoiding a variety of creatures. If Willy collided with a creature, or fell too far, the player lost a life and was returned to the place where he entered the screen. Sometimes this 'reset point' was instantly fatal, leading to all eight lives being lost for a single mistake.

When Willy reached the edge of a screen he moved into the next screen along, maintaining any momentum and direction from jumping where applicable. There are a total of 60 screens (known as rooms) used in the game, however the coding allowed for a total of 64 rooms. These other rooms are in the game, but inaccessible by normal means and unused. For a full list of rooms, see this catalog.

There are a total of 83 objects to collect in the game. Of these 79 are standard and appear as flashing objects within the game's screens. These are collected by simply touching them with Willy. One non-standard item is found in the room called Swimming Pool and is automatically collected upon entering the room at any point. Another item is auto-collected upon entering the room called Beach, however this counts as two items. The final non-standard item is in the room called First Landing and it is invisible. Technically it can be collected simply by touching it as with any standard item, however it is in a completely inaccessible location and therefore cannot be collected. This was just one of a few bugs in the original version of the game.

Bugs

Unfortunately when the game was released it had several major bugs that made the game impossible to complete.

The most severe of these, known as The Attic Bug occured when a player entered the screen called The Attic. After this, several other rooms would become corrupted, which caused problems such as all of the monsters vanishing from The Chapel and entering We must perform a Quirkafleeg from the 'wrong' direction causing instant death. Originally Software Projects claimed that this was intentionally done in order to make the game harder, however they later retracted that claim and issued instructions on how to modify the game to correct the bug. This was one of the first times that a video game company had issued such a 'patch'.

The problem was actually a buffer overflow caused by one of the creatures in The Attic. The creature, which was an arrow, had an error in it's movement path which caused the sprite to move beyond the memory reserved for video and into memory reserved for important game data. This data was overwritten and therefore corrupted, causing the bug itself.

Other problems occured with item placement. The invisible item in the First Landing was in an impossible to reach place. Software Projects released a fix for this when they released the fix for The Attic Bug, which moved the item into The Hall'. A similar problem occured in The Conservatory Roof where an item was placed too close to a creature making it impossible to collect before dying. Software Projects fixed this also, by removing the killer object.

The final bug occured in The Banyan Tree. The player was supposed to be able to leave the room in an upwards direction, however a solid item had been put in the way making it impassable. Software Projects fixed this by changing the item so that it could be moved through.

Competition

A competition was released alongside the game and announced in the instructions:

Why not join the Jet Set and share in Willy's good fortune.

Software Projects are offering a prize to the first person to write or telephone our offices in Liverpool with the answer to the question:

"How many glasses must Willy collect before Maria lets him go to bed".

In exchange for this information we will present the winner with six champagne glasses and a case of Don Perignon champagne. In addition to this a Jet Ranger helicopter will pick you up for a flight above your town when you will get the chance to meet Mathew Smith the author of Jet Set Willy and the other No. 1 selling Spectrum game from Software Projects - Manic Miner.

— Software Projects, instructions for Jet Set Willy

With the bugs that were included in the game, it was impossible to complete the game and find the answer. Ross Holman and Cameron Else, frustrated at being unable to complete the game, hacked the code and realised that it was impossible. They produced the fixes, completed the game and phoned Software Projects with the answer to win the competition. The fixes they produced became the official Jet Set Willy fixes, and were released by Software Projects.

Copy Protection, cheats and hacking

© Image: Software Projects
The colour card included with the game

In an early attempt at copy protection, Jet Set Willy included a full-colour card containing 180 codes. When the game was loaded it would as for one of those codes, and the user had to enter it in order to proceed. Without widespread Internet, and with full-colour copying not being easy at the time, this was more effective than it would be in the modern world. However many ways around it were found, and instructions for bypassing it were even published in UK computing magazines.

There was one official cheat included in the game. By typing the letters WRITETYPER when standing on the floor of the First Landing the user was able to teleport to other rooms by holding down a combination of numbers. As the source code of the game was easily obtained, many unofficial cheats were later released including allowing an infinite number of lives, providing the ability walking through creatures or jump from any height, and even the ability to remove all of the creatures. These cheats (as well as the official bug fixes) were provided in the form of POKE commands which were easily added to the game with the following method:

• Type MERGE "" and wait for the BASIC loader to load. The message "0 OK, 0:1" is displayed.
• Type LIST to list the coding, which should appear something like this:

  10 INK 7:PAPER 1:BORDER 1:CLEAR 32767
  20 PRINT "JSW is loading"
  30 LOAD ""CODE
1000 RANDOMIZE USR 33792

• Enter the POKE commands onto new numbered lines before the line RANDOMIZE USR 33792. Codes are entered by choosing an unused number that ends in a zero and typing that number followed by the POKE command. For example, the following could be typed to grant infinite lives:

100 POKE 35899,000