German language: Difference between revisions
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The '''German language''' comprises a wide variety of [[German dialects]] spoken throughout [[Germany]], [[Austria]] and other [[country|countries]], mainly in northern [[Europe]]. Over 100 million people count some variety of German as a [[native language]], and it remains an important [[second language]] for millions more, from [[American people|American]]s interested in the language as a link to their forefathers, to [[business]]people, [[politics|politicians]] and [[student]]s who need to [[communication|communicate]] with their customers, colleagues and peers. | The '''German language''' comprises a wide variety of [[German dialects]] spoken throughout [[Germany]], [[Austria]] and other [[country|countries]], mainly in northern [[Europe]]. Over 100 million people count some variety of German as a [[native language]], and it remains an important [[second language]] for millions more, from [[American people|American]]s interested in the language as a link to their forefathers, to [[business]]people, [[politics|politicians]] and [[student]]s who need to [[communication|communicate]] with their customers, colleagues and peers. | ||
=Hochdeutsch= | ==Hochdeutsch== | ||
''Hochdeutsch'' ('High German') is the German dialect, among many, that is encountered by most [[second language acquisition|second language learners]], and by native speakers in school. It has considerable [[prestige]] because it is used in [[education]], business,[[government]], and literature. It the 'standard' variety of the language, but is ''not'' necessarily the speech of everyday conversation in such countries as Germany, where a [[region]]al dialect may often be heard. In Switzerland, standard German (''Standarddeutsch'') is even less likely to be the preferred choice amongst native Swiss German speakers, and is largely confined to [[media|print]], [[broadcasting]] and formal lectures. | ''Hochdeutsch'' ('High German') is the German dialect, among many, that is encountered by most [[second language acquisition|second language learners]], and by native speakers in school. It has considerable [[prestige]] because it is used in [[education]], business,[[government]], and literature. It the 'standard' variety of the language, but is ''not'' necessarily the speech of everyday conversation in such countries as Germany, where a [[region]]al dialect may often be heard. In Switzerland, standard German (''Standarddeutsch'') is even less likely to be the preferred choice amongst native Swiss German speakers, and is largely confined to [[media|print]], [[broadcasting]] and formal lectures. | ||
=Hochdeutsch spelling reform of 1996= | ==Hochdeutsch spelling reform of 1996== | ||
The ''Rechtschreibreform'' of July 1996 standardised the [[orthography]] (spelling) of the standard German language by the governments of Austria, Germany, [[Liechtenstein]] and [[Switzerland]] where German is an official language. (Luxembourg did not agree to this standardisation, but the autonomous province of Bozen-Südtirol in [[Italy]] and also the German speaking communes of [[Belgium]] did). [http://german.about.com/od/grammar/a/rechtschrb2004.htm?terms=reforms] [http://www.goethe.de/kue/lit/dos/dds/en630493.htm] [http://www.ids-mannheim.de/pub/laufend/sprachreport/pdf/sr06-extra.pdf] <small>However, these moves towards standardisation are still controversial and many respected institutions, Journals and Newspapers still preserve (or have returned to) their old 'house styles' of German and German spelling. Although German spelling was already far more regular than that of English, these codified differences in some ways mirror those between American and [[Commonwealth]] varieties of [[English]].</small> | The ''Rechtschreibreform'' of July 1996 standardised the [[orthography]] (spelling) of the standard German language by the governments of Austria, Germany, [[Liechtenstein]] and [[Switzerland]] where German is an official language. (Luxembourg did not agree to this standardisation, but the autonomous province of Bozen-Südtirol in [[Italy]] and also the German speaking communes of [[Belgium]] did). [http://german.about.com/od/grammar/a/rechtschrb2004.htm?terms=reforms] [http://www.goethe.de/kue/lit/dos/dds/en630493.htm] [http://www.ids-mannheim.de/pub/laufend/sprachreport/pdf/sr06-extra.pdf] <small>However, these moves towards standardisation are still controversial and many respected institutions, Journals and Newspapers still preserve (or have returned to) their old 'house styles' of German and German spelling. Although German spelling was already far more regular than that of English, these codified differences in some ways mirror those between American and [[Commonwealth]] varieties of [[English]].</small> | ||
[[Category:CZ Live]] | [[Category:CZ Live]] | ||
[[Category:Linguistics Workgroup]] | [[Category:Linguistics Workgroup]] | ||
Revision as of 07:28, 11 May 2007
The German language comprises a wide variety of German dialects spoken throughout Germany, Austria and other countries, mainly in northern Europe. Over 100 million people count some variety of German as a native language, and it remains an important second language for millions more, from Americans interested in the language as a link to their forefathers, to businesspeople, politicians and students who need to communicate with their customers, colleagues and peers.
Hochdeutsch
Hochdeutsch ('High German') is the German dialect, among many, that is encountered by most second language learners, and by native speakers in school. It has considerable prestige because it is used in education, business,government, and literature. It the 'standard' variety of the language, but is not necessarily the speech of everyday conversation in such countries as Germany, where a regional dialect may often be heard. In Switzerland, standard German (Standarddeutsch) is even less likely to be the preferred choice amongst native Swiss German speakers, and is largely confined to print, broadcasting and formal lectures.
Hochdeutsch spelling reform of 1996
The Rechtschreibreform of July 1996 standardised the orthography (spelling) of the standard German language by the governments of Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein and Switzerland where German is an official language. (Luxembourg did not agree to this standardisation, but the autonomous province of Bozen-Südtirol in Italy and also the German speaking communes of Belgium did). [1] [2] [3] However, these moves towards standardisation are still controversial and many respected institutions, Journals and Newspapers still preserve (or have returned to) their old 'house styles' of German and German spelling. Although German spelling was already far more regular than that of English, these codified differences in some ways mirror those between American and Commonwealth varieties of English.