View source for User:Pat Palmer/sandbox/todo list/Home automation

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{{Redirect-distinguish|Domotic|Demotic (disambiguation){{!}}Demotic}}
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{{Automation}}
[[File:Raumbediengerät.jpg|thumb|Room control unit]]
[[File:CITIB-AMX.jpg|thumb|CITIB-AMX control panel]]
[[File:NestLearningThermostat2.JPG|thumb|Nest Learning Thermostat showing weather's impact on energy usage]]
[[File:Ring video doorbell.jpg|thumb|Ring video doorbell with Wi-Fi camera]]
[[File:August 2nd-gen smart lock.jpg|thumb|[[August Home]] [[smart lock]]]]
'''Home automation''' or '''domotics'''<ref name="t3">{{cite news|last1=Hill|first1=Jim|title=The smart home: a glossary guide for the perplexed|url=http://www.t3.com/features/the-smart-home-guide|access-date=27 March 2017|work=T3|date=12 September 2015|language=en}}</ref> is [[building automation]] for a home, called a '''[[Smart home technology|smart home]]''' or '''smart house'''. A home automation system will monitor and/or control home attributes such as lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances. It may also include home security such as access control and alarm systems. When connected with the Internet, home devices are an important constituent of the [[Internet of Things]] ("IoT").

A home automation system typically connects controlled devices to a central hub or "gateway". The [[user interface]] for control of the system uses either wall-mounted terminals, tablet or desktop computers, a mobile phone application, or a Web interface that may also be accessible off-site through the Internet.

While there are many competing vendors, there are increasing efforts towards open source systems. However, there are issues with the current state of home automation including a lack of standardized security measures and deprecation of older devices without backwards compatibility.

Home automation has high potential for sharing data between family members or trusted individuals for personal security and could lead to energy saving measures with a positive environmental impact in the future.

The home automation market was worth US$5.77 billion in 2013, predicted to reach a market value of US$12.81 billion by the year 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/research-and-markets-idUSnBw195490a+100+BSW20150119 |title=Research and Markets: Global Home Automation and Control Market 2014-2020 - Lighting Control, Security & Access Control, HVAC Control Analysis of the $5.77 Billion Industry |date=2015-01-19 |newspaper=Reuters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505124414/https://www.reuters.com/article/research-and-markets-idUSnBw195490a%2B100%2BBSW20150119 |archive-date=2016-05-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History ==
Early home automation began with labor-saving machines. Self-contained electric or gas powered [[home appliances]] became viable in the 1900s with the introduction of [[electric power distribution]]<ref name="gerhart">{{Cite book|edition = 1|title = Home Automation & Wiring|url = https://archive.org/details/homeautomationwi0000gerh|publisher = McGraw-Hill/TAB Electronics|date = 1999-03-31|location = New York|isbn = 978-0-07-024674-4|language = en|url-access = registration}}</ref> and led to the introduction of [[washing machine]]s (1904), [[water heating|water heaters]] (1889), [[refrigerator]]s, [[sewing machine]]s, [[dishwasher]]s, and [[clothes dryer]]s.

In 1975, the first general purpose home automation network technology, [[X10 (industry standard)|X10]], was developed. It is a communication protocol for electronic devices. It primarily uses [[electric power transmission]] wiring for signalling and control, where the signals involve brief [[radio frequency]] bursts of [[digital data]], and remains the most widely available.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://hometoys.com/emagazine.php?url=/htinews/oct99/articles/rye/rye.htm|title = My Life at X10|date = October 1999|access-date = October 8, 2014|website = AV and Automation Industry eMagazine|publisher = AV and Automation Industry eMagazine|last = Rye|first = Dave|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140930080338/http://hometoys.com/emagazine.php?url=%2Fhtinews%2Foct99%2Farticles%2Frye%2Frye.htm|archive-date = September 30, 2014}}</ref> By 1978, X10 products included a 16 channel command console, a lamp module, and an appliance module. Soon after came the wall switch module and the first X10 timer.

By 2012, in the United States, according to ABI Research, 1.5 million home automation systems were installed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abiresearch.com/press/15-million-home-automation-systems-installed-in-th/|title=1.5 Million Home Automation Systems Installed in the US This Year|website=www.abiresearch.com|access-date=2016-11-22}}</ref>
Per research firm Statista<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/outlook/279/109/smart-home/united-states|title=Smart Home - United States {{!}} Statista Market Forecast|website=Statista|language=en|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> more than 45 million smart home devices will be installed in U.S. homes by the end of the year 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesagencycouncil/2018/09/24/the-impact-of-the-digital-revolution-on-the-smart-home-industry/|title=The Impact Of The Digital Revolution On The Smart Home Industry|last=Caccavale|first=Michael|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref>

The word "''domotics''" (and "''domotica''" when used as a verb) is a contraction of the Latin word for a home (''[[domus]]'') and the word ''[[robotics]]''.<ref name="t3" /> The word "smart" in "smart home" refers to the system being aware of the state of its devices, which is done through the information and communication technologies (ICT) protocol and the Internet of Things (IoT).<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Mandula|first=K.|last2=Parupalli|first2=R.|last3=Murty|first3=C. A. S.|last4=Magesh|first4=E.|last5=Lunagariya|first5=R.|date=December 2015|title=Mobile based home automation using Internet of Things(IoT)|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7475301|journal=2015 International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT)|pages=340–343|doi=10.1109/ICCICCT.2015.7475301}}</ref>

== Applications and technologies ==
Home automation is prevalent in a variety of different realms, including:
* [[HVAC|Heating, ventilation and air conditioning]] (HVAC): it is possible to have remote control of all [[home energy monitor]]s over the internet incorporating a simple and friendly user interface.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Preville|first1=Cherie|title=Control Your Castle: The Latest in HVAC Home Automation|url=http://www.achrnews.com/articles/124160-control-your-castle-the-latest-in-hvac-home-automation|access-date=15 Jun 2015|work=ACHRNews|publisher=ACHRNews|date=26 Aug 2013|ref=ACHRNews}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Asadullah|first1=Muhammad|title= An Overview of Home Automation Systems|work=Conference Paper|publisher=IEEE|date=22 Dec 2016|ref=IEEE|doi=10.1109/ICRAI.2016.7791223}}</ref>
* [[Lighting control system]]: a "smart" network that incorporates communication between various lighting system inputs and outputs, using one or more central computing devices.
* Occupancy-aware control system: it is possible to [[occupancy sensor|sense the occupancy]] of the home using smart meters<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jin|first1=M.|last2=Jia|first2=R.|last3=Spanos|first3=C.|date=2017-01-01|title=Virtual Occupancy Sensing: Using Smart Meters to Indicate Your Presence|journal=IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing|volume=PP|issue=99|pages=3264–3277|doi=10.1109/TMC.2017.2684806|issn=1536-1233|arxiv=1407.4395}}</ref> and environmental sensors like [[Carbon dioxide sensor|CO<sub>2</sub> sensors]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jin|first1=M.|last2=Bekiaris-Liberis|first2=N.|last3=Weekly|first3=K.|last4=Spanos|first4=C. J.|last5=Bayen|first5=A. M.|date=2016-01-01|title=Occupancy Detection via Environmental Sensing|journal=IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering|volume=PP|issue=99|pages=443–455|doi=10.1109/TASE.2016.2619720|s2cid=4600376|issn=1545-5955}}</ref> which can be integrated into the building automation system to trigger automatic responses for energy efficiency and building comfort applications.
* Appliance control and integration with the [[smart grid]] and a [[smart meter]], taking advantage, for instance, of high solar panel output in the middle of the day to run washing machines.<ref name="BERGU14">{{cite book|author1=Berger, Lars T.|author2=Schwager, Andreas |author3=Pagani, Pascal|author4=Schneider, Daniel M.|date=February 2014|title=Smart Grid Applications, Communications, and Security|publisher=CRC Press|series=Devices, Circuits, and Systems|isbn=978-1-4665-5752-9|url=http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118004396.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://energy.gov/energysaver/tips-smart-appliances |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929063327/http://energy.gov/energysaver/tips-smart-appliances |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-09-29 |title=Tips: Smart Appliances {{!}} Department of Energy |website=energy.gov |access-date=2016-04-20 }}</ref>
* Home robots and security: a household [[security system]] integrated with a home automation system can provide additional services such as remote surveillance of security cameras over the Internet, or [[access control]] and central locking of all perimeter doors and windows.<ref>{{cite web|last=Griffiths|first=Melanie|title=Smart Home Security|url=http://www.homebuilding.co.uk/smart-security-and-alarms/|work=Homebuilding & Renovating|access-date=27 February 2012|date=June 2016}}</ref>
* Leak detection, smoke and CO detectors<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/02/consumer-reports-review-of-nest-protect-smoke-and-co-alarm/index.htm|title=Nest Protect {{!}} Smoke and CO Alarms - Consumer Reports News|website=www.consumerreports.org|access-date=2016-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/02/consumer-reports-review-of-nest-protect-smoke-and-co-alarm/index.htm|title=Nest Protect {{!}} Smoke and CO Alarms - Consumer Reports News|access-date=2016-11-22}}</ref>
* [[Indoor positioning system]]s (IPS).
* [[Home automation for the elderly and disabled]].
* Pet and Baby Care, for example tracking the pets and babies' movements and controlling pet access rights.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.smarthomegeeks.co.uk/news/smart-cat-flap/|title=Sure Flap - Smart Cat Flap Coming Soon! - News - Smart Home Geeks|date=2017-04-06|work=Smart Home Geeks|access-date=2017-08-11|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* Air quality control. For example, [[Air Quality Egg]] is used by people at home to monitor the air quality and pollution level in the city and create a map of the pollution.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kamel Boulos|first1=Maged N|last2=Al-Shorbaji|first2=Najeeb M|title=On the Internet of Things, smart cities and the WHO Healthy Cities|journal=International Journal of Health Geographics|date=2014|volume=13|issue=1|pages=10|doi=10.1186/1476-072x-13-10|pmid=24669838|pmc=3987056}}</ref>
* Smart Kitchen and Connected Cooking. 
*[[Voice user interface|Voice control]] devices like [[Amazon Alexa]] or [[Google Home]] used to control home appliances or systems.

== Implementations ==
[[File:Cat feeder.jpg|thumb|Internet enabled cat feeder]]
In a review of home automation devices, ''[[Consumer Reports]]'' found two main concerns for consumers:<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/magazine/2014/06/run-your-home-from-your-phone/index.htm|title=Best Home Automation System - Consumer Reports|access-date=2016-11-22}}</ref>

* A Wi-Fi network connected to the internet can be vulnerable to hacking.
* Technology is still in its infancy, and consumers could invest in a system that becomes [[abandonware]]. In 2014, Google bought the company selling the Revolv Hub home automation system, integrated it with [[Nest Labs|Nest]] and in 2016 shut down the servers Revolv Hub depended on, rendering the hardware useless.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/googles-nest-closing-smart-home-company-revolv-bricking-devices-2016-4|title=Google's parent company is deliberately disabling some of its customers' old smart-home devices|newspaper=Business Insider|access-date=2016-11-22}}</ref>
In 2011, [[Microsoft Research]] found that home automation could involve high cost of ownership, inflexibility of interconnected devices, and poor manageability.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Brush|first1=A. J.|last2=Lee|first2=Bongshin|last3=Mahajan|first3=Ratul|last4=Agarwal|first4=Sharad|last5=Saroiu|first5=Stefan|last6=Dixon|first6=Colin|date=2011-05-01|title=Home Automation in the Wild: Challenges and Opportunities|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/home-automation-in-the-wild-challenges-and-opportunities/|journal=Microsoft Research}}</ref> When designing and creating a home automation system, engineers take into account several factors including scalability, how well the devices can be monitored and controlled, ease of installation and use for the consumer, affordability, speed, security, and ability to diagnose issues.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sriskanthan|first=N.|last2=Tan|first2=F.|last3=Karande|first3=A.|date=August 2002|title=Bluetooth based home automation system|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S014193310200039X|journal=Microprocessors and Microsystems|language=en|volume=26|issue=6|pages=281–289|doi=10.1016/S0141-9331(02)00039-X}}</ref> Findings from iControl showed that consumers prioritize ease-of-use over technical innovation, and although consumers recognize that new connected devices have an unparalleled cool factor, they are not quite ready to use them in their own homes yet.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2015 State of the Smart Home Report|url=https://www.ajperri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/b0168809-7f07-40be-9a9c-aac85cca76d2-150716032045-lva1-app6891.pdf|access-date=11/5/2020|website=iControl Networks}}</ref>

Historically, systems have been sold as complete systems where the consumer relies on one vendor for the entire system including the hardware, the communications protocol, the central hub, and the user interface. However, there are now [[open hardware]] and [[Open-source model|open source software]] systems which can be used instead of or with proprietary hardware.<ref name=":0" /> Many of these systems interface with consumer electronics such as the Arduino or Raspberry Pi, which are easily accessible online and in most electronics stores.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rout|first=Kshirod Kumar|last2=Mallick|first2=Samuchita|last3=Mishra|first3=Sivkuinar|date=July 2018|title=Design and Implementation of an Internet of Things based Prototype for Smart Home Automation System|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9008410/|journal=2018 International Conference on Recent Innovations in Electrical, Electronics & Communication Engineering (ICRIEECE)|location=Bhubaneswar, India|publisher=IEEE|pages=67–72|doi=10.1109/ICRIEECE44171.2018.9008410|isbn=978-1-5386-5995-3}}</ref> In addition, home automation devices are increasingly interfaced with mobile phones through Bluetooth, allowing for increased affordability and customizability for the user.<ref name=":1" />

== Criticism and controversies ==
Home automation suffers from [[platform fragmentation]] and lack of [[technical standard]]s<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/mwc16-articles/iot-experts-fret-over-fragmentation/|title=IoT experts fret over fragmentation - Mobile World Live|date=2016-02-25|newspaper=Mobile World Live|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2016/02/19/fragmentation-enemy-internet-things|title=Fragmentation is the enemy of the Internet of Things {{!}} Qualcomm|date=2016-02-19|newspaper=Qualcomm|access-date=2016-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/semiconductors/our-insights/internet-of-things-opportunities-and-challenges-for-semiconductor-companies|title=Internet of Things: Opportunities and challenges for semiconductor companies|website=McKinsey & Company|access-date=2016-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arm.com/zh/files/event/ATF2015SZ_A6_Thundersoft.pdf |title=IOT Brings Fragmentation in Platform |access-date=2018-03-19}}</ref><ref>https://www.w3.org/Talks/2016/04-27-countering-fragmentation.pdf Countering Fragmentation with the Web of Things</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Steve Kovach |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/android-fragmentation-report-2013-7 |title=Android Fragmentation Report |website=Business Insider |date=July 30, 2013 |access-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> a situation where the variety of home automation devices, in terms of both hardware variations and differences in the software running on them, makes the task of developing applications that work consistently between different inconsistent technology [[ecosystem]]s hard.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linux.com/news/who-needs-internet-things|title=Who Needs the Internet of Things?|website=Linux.com {{!}} The source for Linux information|access-date=2016-11-22}}</ref> Customers may hesitate to bet their IoT future on [[proprietary software]] or hardware devices that use [[proprietary protocol]]s that may fade or become difficult to customize and interconnect.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linux.com/NEWS/21-OPEN-SOURCE-PROJECTS-IOT|title=21 Open Source Projects for IoT|website=Linux.com {{!}} The source for Linux information|access-date=2016-11-22}}</ref>

The nature of home automation devices can also be a problem for [[security]], [[data security]] and [[data privacy]], since patches to bugs found in the core operating system often do not reach users of older and lower-price devices.<ref name="Goodbye, Android">{{cite web|url=http://motherboard.vice.com/read/goodbye-android|title=Goodbye, Android|website=Motherboard|publisher=Vice|last1=Franceschi-Bicchierai|first1=Lorenzo|access-date=August 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/the-android-toxic-hellstew-survival-guide/|title=The toxic hellstew survival guide|website=ZDnet|last1=Kingsley-Hughes|first1=Adrian|access-date=August 2, 2015}}</ref> One set of researchers say that the failure of vendors to support older devices with patches and updates leaves more than 87% of active devices vulnerable.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/android-security-a-market-for-lemons-that-leaves-87-percent-insecure/|title=Android security a 'market for lemons' that leaves 87 percent vulnerable|date=2015-10-13|website=zdnet.com|publisher=[[ZDNet]]|first1=Liam|last1=Tung|access-date=2015-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~drt24/papers/spsm-scoring.pdf|last2=Beresford|first2=Alastair R.|publisher=[[Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge|Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge]]|doi=10.1145/2808117.2808118|last3=Rice|first3=Andrew|first1=Daniel R.|title=Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM CCS Workshop on Security and Privacy in Smartphones and Mobile Devices - SPSM '15|pages=87–98|last1=Thomas|access-date=2015-10-14|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4503-3819-6|s2cid=14832327}}</ref>

Concerns have been raised by tenants renting from landlords who decide to upgrade units with smart home technology.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ng|first=Alfred|title=Your landlord turns your apartment into a smart home. Now what?|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/your-landlord-turns-your-apartment-into-a-smart-home-now-what/|access-date=2020-10-02|website=CNET|language=en}}</ref> These concerns include weak wireless connections that render the door or appliance unusable or impractical; the security of door passcodes kept by the landlord; and the potential invasion of privacy that comes with connecting smart home technologies to home networks.

Researchers have also conducted user studies to determine what the barriers are for consumers when integrating home automation devices or systems into their daily lifestyle. One of the main takeaways was regarding ease of use, as consumers tend to steer towards "plug and play" solutions over more complicated setups.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Kaaz|first=Kim J.|last2=Hoffer|first2=Alex|last3=Saeidi|first3=Mahsa|last4=Sarma|first4=Anita|last5=Bobba|first5=Rakesh B.|date=October 2017|title=Understanding user perceptions of privacy, and configuration challenges in home automation|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8103482/|journal=2017 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)|location=Raleigh, NC|publisher=IEEE|pages=297–301|doi=10.1109/VLHCC.2017.8103482|isbn=978-1-5386-0443-4}}</ref> One study found that there were large gaps in the mental-models generated by users regarding how the devices actually work.<ref name=":2" /> Specifically, the findings showed that there was a lot of misunderstanding related to where the data collected by smart devices was stored and how it was used.<ref name=":2" /> For example, in a smart light setup, one participant thought that her iPad communicated directly with the light, telling it to either turn off or on.<ref name=":2" /> In reality, the iPad sends a signal to the cloud system that the company uses (in this case, the Hue Bridge) which then signals directly to the device.<ref name=":2" />

Overall, this field is still evolving and the nature of each device is constantly changing. While technologists work to create more secure, streamlined, and standardized security protocols, consumers also need to learn more about how these devices work and what the implications of putting them in their homes can be. The growth of this field is currently limited not only by the technology but also by a user's ability to trust a device and integrate it successfully into his/her daily life.

== Impact ==
Utilizing home automation could lead to more efficient and intelligent energy saving techniques.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Risteska Stojkoska|first=Biljana L.|last2=Trivodaliev|first2=Kire V.|date=January 2017|title=A review of Internet of Things for smart home: Challenges and solutions|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095965261631589X|journal=Journal of Cleaner Production|language=en|volume=140|pages=1454–1464|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.006}}</ref> By integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) with renewable energy systems such as solar power or wind power, homes can autonomously make decisions about whether to store energy or expend it for a given appliance,<ref name=":3" /> leading to overall positive environmental impacts and lower electricity bills for the consumers using the system. In order to do this, researchers propose using data from sensors regarding consumer activity within the home to anticipate the consumer needs and balance that with energy consumption.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Heierman|first=E.O.|last2=Cook|first2=D.J.|date=2003|title=Improving home automation by discovering regularly occurring device usage patterns|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1250971/|journal=Third IEEE International Conference on Data Mining|location=Melbourne, FL, USA|publisher=IEEE Comput. Soc|pages=537–540|doi=10.1109/ICDM.2003.1250971|isbn=978-0-7695-1978-4}}</ref>

Furthermore, home automation has large potential regarding family safety and security. According to a 2015 survey done by iControl, the primary drivers of the demand for smart and connected devices are first "personal and family security", and second "excitement about energy savings".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaaz|first=Kim J.|last2=Hoffer|first2=Alex|last3=Saeidi|first3=Mahsa|last4=Sarma|first4=Anita|last5=Bobba|first5=Rakesh B.|date=October 2017|title=Understanding user perceptions of privacy, and configuration challenges in home automation|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8103482/|journal=2017 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)|location=Raleigh, NC|publisher=IEEE|pages=297–301|doi=10.1109/VLHCC.2017.8103482|isbn=978-1-5386-0443-4}}</ref> Home automation includes a variety of smart security systems and surveillance setups. This allows consumers to monitor their homes while away, and to give trusted family members access to that information in case anything bad happens.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
 Patch Panel.jpg|Domestic patch panel, unstructured.
 WellPumpAutomation.jpg|Well and booster pump automation
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{portal|Housing}}
*[[:Category:Home automation companies|Home automation companies]]
* [[List of home automation software|List of home automation software and hardware]]
* [[List of home automation topics]]
* [[Home automation for the elderly and disabled]]
* [[Home network]]
* [[Home robot]]
* [[Indoor positioning]]
* [[Internet of Things]]
* [[List of network buses]]
* [[Mobile manipulator]] and [[Mobile robot]]
* [[Smart device]] and [[smart speaker]]
* [[Web of Things]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{Commonscatinline}}

{{Home automation}}
{{Robotics}}
{{emerging technologies|topics=yes|robotics=yes|manufacture=yes|materials=yes}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Home Automation}}
[[Category:Home automation| ]]
[[Category:Building engineering]]