View source for Selenium

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'''Selenium''' is a [[Chemical elements|chemical element]], having the [[chemical symbol]] Se. Its [[atomic number]] (the number of [[proton]]s) is 34. It has a [[Atomic mass#Standard atomic weights of the elements|standard atomic weight]] of 78.96 g•mol<sup> −1</sup> and is a [[solid]] (either amorphous or crystalline) in its elemental form.

Seleneium is considered to be a member of the "Non-metal" class of element. At a [[pressure]] of 101.325 k[[Pascal (unit)|Pa]], it has a [[boiling point]] of 685 °[[Celsius (unit)|C]] and a melting point of 220.5 °C.

==Role in human health==
Selenium is a cofactor to the antioxidant [[enzyme]] [[glutathione peroxidase]].<ref name="pmid9164308">{{cite journal| author=Ahrens RA| title=Glutathione peroxidase: a role for selenium (Rotruck 1972). | journal=J Nutr | year= 1997 | volume= 127 | issue= 5 Suppl | pages= 1052S-1053S | pmid=9164308 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> Selenium has many additional roles in human health.<ref name="pmid10963212">{{cite journal| author=Rayman MP| title=The importance of selenium to human health. | journal=Lancet | year= 2000 | volume= 356 | issue= 9225 | pages= 233-41 | pmid=10963212 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02490-9 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10963212  }} </ref>

Deficiency of selenium may cause [[heart failure]].<ref name="pmid19059654">{{cite journal| author=Saliba W, El Fakih R, Shaheen W| title=Heart failure secondary to selenium deficiency, reversible after supplementation. | journal=Int J Cardiol | year= 2010 | volume= 141 | issue= 2 | pages= e26-7 | pmid=19059654 | doi=10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.095 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19059654}}</ref> This may occur in the settings of [[anorexia nervosa]],<ref name="pmid17384523">{{cite journal| author=Birmingham CL, Gritzner S| title=Heart failure in anorexia nervosa: case report and review of the literature. | journal=Eat Weight Disord | year= 2007 | volume= 12 | issue= 1 | pages= e7-10 | pmid=17384523 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17384523  }} </ref> [[bariatric surgery]],<ref name="pmid17324623">{{cite journal| author=Boldery R, Fielding G, Rafter T, Pascoe AL, Scalia GM| title=Nutritional deficiency of selenium secondary to weight loss (bariatric) surgery associated with life-threatening cardiomyopathy. | journal=Heart Lung Circ | year= 2007 | volume= 16 | issue= 2 | pages= 123-6 | pmid=17324623 | doi=10.1016/j.hlc.2006.07.013 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17324623  }} </ref> peripartum cardiomyopathy<ref name="pmid15460143">{{cite journal| author=Cénac A, Touré K, Diarra MB, Sergeant C, Jobic Y, Sanogo K et al.| title=[Plasma selenium and peripartum cardiomyopathy in Bamako, Mali]. | journal=Med Trop (Mars) | year= 2004 | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 151-4 | pmid=15460143 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> and Keshan disease. However, while selenium levels are lower among patients with heart failure than among controls, levels are similarly decreased whether heart failure is idiopathic or ischemic.<ref name="pmid16943104">{{cite journal| author=Koşar F, Sahin I, Taşkapan C, Küçükbay Z, Güllü H, Taşkapan H et al.| title=Trace element status (Se, Zn, Cu) in heart failure. | journal=Anadolu Kardiyol Derg | year= 2006 | volume= 6 | issue= 3 | pages= 216-20 | pmid=16943104 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref> Deficiency of selenium may also cause [[coronary heart disease]].<ref name="pmid17023702">{{cite journal| author=Flores-Mateo G, Navas-Acien A, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E| title=Selenium and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 2006 | volume= 84 | issue= 4 | pages= 762-73 | pmid=17023702 | doi= | pmc=PMC1829306 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17023702}}</ref>

Supplementation with selenium shows:
* An u ansome minor copy editingncertain role in prevention of [[cancer]].<ref name="pmid8971064">{{cite journal| author=Clark LC, Combs GF, Turnbull BW, Slate EH, Chalker DK, Chow J et al.| title=Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized controlled trial. Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group. | journal=JAMA | year= 1996 | volume= 276 | issue= 24 | pages= 1957-63 | pmid=8971064 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
* A small randomized controlled trial showed benefit on [[heart failure]] from micronutrient supplementation that included selenium.<ref name="pmid16081469">{{cite journal| author=Witte KK, Nikitin NP, Parker AC, von Haehling S, Volk HD, Anker SD et al.| title=The effect of micronutrient supplementation on quality-of-life and left ventricular function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2005 | volume= 26 | issue= 21 | pages= 2238-44 | pmid=16081469 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehi442 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16081469  }} </ref>

==References==
<references/>