Economics/Glossary: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 00:25, 10 July 2010
- The finance glossary and the banking glossary define some specialised terms that are not included in this glossary
A
- Adverse selection [r]: a partial market failure that occurs when there are traders who take advantage of asymmetric information, raising uncertainty and leading to a reduction in the value of its products. [e]
- Agency cost [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Applied statistics [r]: the practice of collecting and interpreting numerical observations for the purpose of generating information. [e]
- Arbitrage [r]: transactions to take advantage of a price differences of a product in different markets by buying where it is cheap and selling where it is dear. The possibility of arbitrage often prevents the occurrence of price differences. [e]
- Asset price bubble [r]: The condition of an asset market in which price is governed by speculators' expectations that it will increase. [e]
- Asymmetric information [r]: a situation in which a seller has information that is not available to potential buyers - or vice-versa. [e]
- Austrian School of economics [r]: A school of economists who reject the tenets of macroeconomics and oppose the practice of collective economic management; and whose methodology concentrates upon the decisions of individuals and the operation of the market mechanism. [e]
- Automatic stabilisers [r]: the tendency in times of falling economic activity for the government spending to rise, and for tax receipts to fall - and the reverse tendency in times of rising economic activity [e]
B
- Base money [r]: currency in circulation plus bank vault cash plus deposits held by banks at the central bank (termed "high-powered money" in the US, and referred to as M0 in the UK). [e]
- Basis point [r]: (bp) one hundredth of a percentage point . [e]
- Broad money [r]: cash, current account deposits in banks and other financial institutions, savings deposits and time-restricted deposits (see also high-powered money). [e]
- Bubble (economics) [r]: A surge in prices that raises expectations of further increases, so generating further increases: a process that continues until confidence falters, the bubble "bursts" and prices rapidly revert to an objectively-based level. [e]
- Budget balance [r]: the difference between a central government's revenue and its expenditure in a given financial year. Conventions differ concerning the items that are included, and various cyclical adjustments can be made to identify its discretionary element.. [e]
- Budget deficit [r]: the excess of a government's expenditures over its receipts. See also cyclically-adjusted budget deficit [e]
C
- Capital (banking) [r]: A bank's assets minus its liabilities. [e]
- CDS [r]: An insurance agreement that guarantees protection against a bond default in return for a fee. [e]
- CDS spread [r]: the annual percentage charge for a credit default swap [e]
- Central Bank [r]: A government agency that is responsible for monetary policy and the support of the banking system (for example the Federal Reserve Board and the Bank of England). Usually responsible for controlling a country's monetary policy and preserving the value of its currency. [e]
- Complex interactive system [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Consequentialism [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Consumer's surplus [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Corporation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Cost_of_capital [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Covariance [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Credit crunch [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Credit easing [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Cross elasticity of demand [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Crowding out [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Currency board [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Cyclically-adjusted budget deficit [r]: Add brief definition or description
D
- Debt trap [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Deflation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Deleveraging [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Demand shock [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Deontology [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Destocking [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Direct investment [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Discounting [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Discount_rate [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Discount window [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Dollarization [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Downturn (economic) [r]: Add brief definition or description
E
- Econometrics [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Economic rent [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Economic system [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Economy [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Efficient market [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Efficient market hypothesis [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Endogenous (economics) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Euro [r]: Add brief definition or description
- European Central Bank [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Evolutionary stable strategy [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Exchange rate protectionism [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Exogenous [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Expected utility [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Expected utility theory [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Externality [r]: Add brief definition or description
F
- Fair value [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fallacy of composition (economics) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fiat money [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fiscal [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fiscal expansion [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fiscal policy [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fiscal gap [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fiscal stimulus [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fiscal sustainability [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Flexible prices [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Freddie Mac [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Full employment deficit [r]: Add brief definition or description
G
- Gearing [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Generational accounts [r]: Add brief definition or description
- General equilibrium [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Gini coefficient [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Gini index [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Goods (economics) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Great moderation [r]: Add brief definition or description
H
- Hedging [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Hedge fund [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Herding (finance) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Hicks-Hansen model [r]: Add brief definition or description
- High-powered money [r]: Add brief definition or description
I
- Income effect [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Incomplete contract [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Infrastructure (economics) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Impossibility theorem [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Insolvency [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Internal rate of return [r]: Add brief definition or description
- IS-LM model [r]: Add brief definition or description
J,K,L
- Kaldor-Hicks criterion [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Kurtosis [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Learning curve [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Lender of last resort [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Leverage [r]: Add brief definition or description
- LIBOR [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Liquidity [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Liquidity crisis [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Liquidity risk [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Liquidity trap [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Lorenz curve [r]: Add brief definition or description
M
- Marginal cost [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Marginal product [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Marginal propensity to consume [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Marginal rate of substitution [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Marginal tax rate [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Marginal utility [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Mark to market [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Market power [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Market risk [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Means test [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Monetary base [r]: currency in circulation plus bank vault cash plus deposits held by banks at the central bank (termed "high-powered money" in the US, and referred to as M0 in the UK). [e]
- Monetisation (of public debt) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Money supply [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Moral hazard [r]: Add brief definition or description
N
- National debt [r]: Add brief definition or description
- National Debt - Maastricht definition [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Net present value [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Normal distribution [r]: Add brief definition or description
O
P,Q
- Pareto efficiency [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Portfolio (finance) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Positive feedback [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Poverty trap [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Price flexibility [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Primary budget balance [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Prime rate [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Probability blindness [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Protection [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Public choice theory [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Public expenditure [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Public sector [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Quantitative easing [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Qualitative easing [r]: Add brief definition or description
R
- Random_walk (finance) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Recession (economics) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Redemption yield [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Rent-seeking [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Reserve ratio [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Restocking [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Revealed preference [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Ricardian equivalence [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Risk premium [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Rule of one-half [r]: Add brief definition or description
S
- Sacrifice ratio [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Securitisation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Self-financing government investment [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Selling short [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Services (economics) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Sharpe ratio [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Skewness [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Social choice theory [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Sovereign default [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Sovereign spread [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Special drawing right [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Spread [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Standard deviation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Standardised budget deficit [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Sterilisation, monetary [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Structural deficit [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Structured investment vehicle [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Substitution effect [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Supply-side measures [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Sustainable deficit [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Systemic failure (finance) [r]: Add brief definition or description
T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z
- Tax burden [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Tax wedge [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Terms of trade [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Time inconsistency [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Tobin tax [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Transfer payments [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Unemployment trap [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Utility [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Variance [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Welfare (economics) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Yield (finance) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Zarnowitz rule [r]: Add brief definition or description