Governor General of Canada: Difference between revisions

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[[Canada]] is a [[Constitutional monarchy]], and the '''Governor General of Canada''' is delegated to act as the de facto [[Head of State]], on behalf of the actual head of State, the current monarch.
[[Canada]] is a [[Constitutional monarchy]], and the '''Governor General of Canada''' is delegated to act as the de facto [[Head of State]], on behalf of the actual head of State, the current monarch.


The current monarch appoints the Governor General, but, in practice, monarchs always defer to the advice of the [[Prime Minister]].
The current monarch appoints the Governor General, but, in practice, monarchs always defer to the advice of the [[Prime Minister]].


Unlike the [[United States of America]], Canada's evolution to full sovereignty has been gradual.  Originally the recommendation as to who should be the next Governor General was made in the [[United Kingdom]], by the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].  More recently the recommendation has been made by the [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
Unlike the [[United States of America]], Canada's evolution to full sovereignty has been gradual.  Originally the recommendation as to who should be the next Governor General was made in the [[United Kingdom]], by the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].  16 of the first 17 Governors General were members of the [[UK House of Lords]], while the other was a Prince. 
 
More recently the recommendation has been made by the [[Prime Minister of Canada]], and the Governors General recommended by them, starting with [[Vincent Massey]],  have all been prominent Canadians.


==Governors general of Canada, 1867–present==
==Governors general of Canada, 1867–present==
{{main|Governor General of Canada}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"
|+ Governors general of Canada, 1867–present
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |No.
! No.
! rowspan="2" width="65" | Portrait
! Portrait
! rowspan="2" width="250" | Name
! Name
! colspan="3" | Term of office
! colspan="3" | Term of office
! rowspan="2" width="100" |[[List of British monarchs|Monarch]]<br />{{small|Reign}}
! rowspan="2" width="100" |[[List of prime ministers Gof Canada|Prime Minister]]<br />{{small|Term of office}}
! rowspan="2" |Ref.
|-
|-
!
!
!
! width="85" | Took office
! width="85" | Took office
! width="85" | Left office
! width="85" | Left office
Line 33: Line 36:
|1872-06-25
|1872-06-25
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |3
|3
| rowspan="3" |[[File:GG-Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[File:GG-Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|The Earl of Dufferin]]
|[[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|The Earl of Dufferin]]
| rowspan="3" |1872-06-25
| 1872-06-25
| rowspan="3" |1878-11-25
| 1878-11-25
|-
|-
|4
|4
Line 51: Line 54:
|1888-06-11
|1888-06-11
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |6
| 6
| rowspan="3" |[[File:GG-Frederick Stanley.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-Frederick Stanley.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby|The Lord Stanley of Preston]]
| [[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby|The Lord Stanley of Preston]]
| rowspan="3" |1888-06-11
| 1888-06-11
| rowspan="3" |1893-09-18
| 1893-09-18
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" |7
| 7
| rowspan="4" |[[File:John Hamilton Gordon Earl of Aberdeen 1884.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:John Hamilton Gordon Earl of Aberdeen 1884.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="4" |[[John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair|The Earl of Aberdeen]]
| [[John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair|The Earl of Aberdeen]]
| rowspan="4" |1893-09-18
| 1893-09-18
| rowspan="4" |1898-11-02
| 1898-11-02
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |8
| 8
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|The Earl of Minto]]
| [[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|The Earl of Minto]]
| rowspan="2" |1898-11-12
| 1898-11-12
| rowspan="2" |1904-12-10
| 1904-12-10
|-  
|-  
| rowspan="3" |9
| 9
| rowspan="3" |[[File:GG-Albert Grey.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-Albert Grey.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey|The Earl Grey]]
| [[Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey|The Earl Grey]]
| rowspan="3" |1904-12-10
| 1904-12-10
| rowspan="3" |1911-10-13
| 1911-10-13
|-
|-
|10
|10
Line 81: Line 84:
|1916-11-11
|1916-11-11
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |11
| 11
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Victor Cavendish.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-Victor Cavendish.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire|The Duke of Devonshire]]
| [[Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire|The Duke of Devonshire]]
| rowspan="2" |1916-11-11
| 1916-11-11
| rowspan="2" |1921-08-11
| 1921-08-11
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" |12
| 12
| rowspan="4" |[[File:GG-Julian Byng.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-Julian Byng.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy|The Viscount Byng of Vimy]]
| [[Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy|The Viscount Byng of Vimy]]
| rowspan="4" |1921-08-11
| 1921-08-11
| rowspan="4" |1926-10-02
| 1926-10-02
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |13
| 13
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Freeman Freeman-Thomas.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-Freeman Freeman-Thomas.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|The Marquess of Willingdon]]
| [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|The Marquess of Willingdon]]
| rowspan="2" |1926-10-02
| 1926-10-02
| rowspan="2" |1931-04-04
| 1931-04-04
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |14
| 14
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Vere Ponsonby.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-Vere Ponsonby.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough|The Earl of Bessborough]]
| [[Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough|The Earl of Bessborough]]
| rowspan="2" |1931-04-04
| 1931-04-04
| rowspan="2" |1935-11-02
| 1935-11-02
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |15
| 15
| rowspan="3" |[[File:GG-John Buchan.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-John Buchan.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[John Buchan|The Lord Tweedsmuir]]
| [[John Buchan|The Lord Tweedsmuir]]
| rowspan="3" |1935-11-02
| 1935-11-02
| rowspan="3" |1940-02-11
| 1940-02-11
|-
|-
|16
|16
|[[File:GG-Alexander Cambridge.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[File:GG-Alexander Cambridge.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone|The Earl of Athlone]]
|[[Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone|The Earl of Athlone]]
874–1957)}}
|1940-02-11
|1940-02-11
|1946-04-12
|1946-04-12
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |17
| 17
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Harold Alexander.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-Harold Alexander.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|The Viscount Alexander of Tunis]]
| [[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|The Viscount Alexander of Tunis]]
| rowspan="2" |1946-04-12
| 1946-04-12
| rowspan="2" |1952-01-18
| 1952-01-18
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |18
| 18
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Governor General Vincent Massey (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Governor General Vincent Massey (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Vincent Massey]]
| [[Vincent Massey]]
| rowspan="2" |1952-01-18
| 1952-01-18
| rowspan="2" |1959-09-15
| 1959-09-15
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |19
| 19
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Vanier.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-Vanier.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Georges Vanier]]
| [[Georges Vanier]]
| rowspan="2" |1959-09-15
| 1959-09-15
| rowspan="2" |1967-03-05
| 1967-03-05
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |20
| 20
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Governor General Roland Michener at Alma College graduation ceremonies 1972 (crop).jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:Governor General Roland Michener at Alma College graduation ceremonies 1972 (crop).jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Roland Michener]]
| [[Roland Michener]]
| rowspan="2" |1967-04-17
| 1967-04-17
| rowspan="2" |1974-01-14
| 1974-01-14
|-
|-
|21
|21
Line 148: Line 150:
|1979-01-22
|1979-01-22
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |22
| 22
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Ed Schreyer (3).jpg|102x102px]]
| [[File:Ed Schreyer (3).jpg|102x102px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Edward Schreyer]]
| [[Edward Schreyer]]
| rowspan="3" |1979-01-22
| 1979-01-22
| rowspan="3" |1984-05-14
| 1984-05-14
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |23
| 23
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Jeanne Sauvé 1984 Ottawa Canada (crop).jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:Jeanne Sauvé 1984 Ottawa Canada (crop).jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Jeanne Sauvé]]
| [[Jeanne Sauvé]]
| rowspan="3" |1984-05-14
| 1984-05-14
| rowspan="3" |1990-01-29
| 1990-01-29
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |24
| 24
| rowspan="3" |
|  
| rowspan="3" |[[Ray Hnatyshyn]]
| [[Ray Hnatyshyn]]
| rowspan="3" |1990-01-29
| 1990-01-29
| rowspan="3" |1995-02-08
| 1995-02-08
|-
|-
|25
|25
Line 172: Line 174:
|1999-10-07
|1999-10-07
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |26
| 26
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Adrienne Clarkson2.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-Adrienne Clarkson2.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Adrienne Clarkson]]
| [[Adrienne Clarkson]]
| rowspan="2" |1999-10-07
| 1999-10-07
| rowspan="2" |2005-09-27
| 2005-09-27
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |27
| 27
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Michaëlle Jean.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-Michaëlle Jean.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Michaëlle Jean]]
| [[Michaëlle Jean]]
| rowspan="2" |2005-09-27
| 2005-09-27
| rowspan="2" |2010-10-01
| 2010-10-01
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |28
| 28
| rowspan="2" |[[File:David Johnston 2011-12-01.jpg|128x128px]]
| [[File:David Johnston 2011-12-01.jpg|128x128px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[David Johnston]]
| [[David Johnston]]
| rowspan="2" |2010-10-01
| 2010-10-01
| rowspan="2" |2017-10-02
| 2017-10-02
|-
|-
|29
|29
Line 196: Line 198:
|2021-01-22
|2021-01-22
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |30
| 30
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada.jpg|141x141px]]
| [[File:Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada.jpg|141x141px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mary Simon]]
| [[Mary Simon]]
| rowspan="2" |2021-07-26
| 2021-07-26
| rowspan="2" |Incumbent
| Incumbent
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 01:50, 4 January 2024

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https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Governor_General_of_Canada&printable=yes
This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

Canada is a Constitutional monarchy, and the Governor General of Canada is delegated to act as the de facto Head of State, on behalf of the actual head of State, the current monarch.

The current monarch appoints the Governor General, but, in practice, monarchs always defer to the advice of the Prime Minister.

Unlike the United States of America, Canada's evolution to full sovereignty has been gradual. Originally the recommendation as to who should be the next Governor General was made in the United Kingdom, by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. 16 of the first 17 Governors General were members of the UK House of Lords, while the other was a Prince.

More recently the recommendation has been made by the Prime Minister of Canada, and the Governors General recommended by them, starting with Vincent Massey, have all been prominent Canadians.

Governors general of Canada, 1867–present

Governors general of Canada, 1867–present
No. Portrait Name Term of office
Took office Left office
1 GG-Charles Monck.jpg The Viscount Monck 1867-07-01 1868-11-14
2 GG-John Young.jpg The Lord Lisgar 1868-11-14 1872-06-25
3 GG-Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood.jpg The Earl of Dufferin 1872-06-25 1878-11-25
4 GG-John Campbell.jpg John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne 1878-11-25 1883-10-23
5 GG-Henry Petty-FitzMaurice.jpg The Marquess of Lansdowne 1883-10-23 1888-06-11
6 GG-Frederick Stanley.jpg The Lord Stanley of Preston 1888-06-11 1893-09-18
7 John Hamilton Gordon Earl of Aberdeen 1884.jpg The Earl of Aberdeen 1893-09-18 1898-11-02
8 GG-Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound.jpg The Earl of Minto 1898-11-12 1904-12-10
9 GG-Albert Grey.jpg The Earl Grey 1904-12-10 1911-10-13
10 GG-Prince Arthur.jpg Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn 1911-10-13 1916-11-11
11 GG-Victor Cavendish.jpg The Duke of Devonshire 1916-11-11 1921-08-11
12 GG-Julian Byng.jpg The Viscount Byng of Vimy 1921-08-11 1926-10-02
13 GG-Freeman Freeman-Thomas.jpg The Marquess of Willingdon 1926-10-02 1931-04-04
14 GG-Vere Ponsonby.jpg The Earl of Bessborough 1931-04-04 1935-11-02
15 GG-John Buchan.jpg The Lord Tweedsmuir 1935-11-02 1940-02-11
16 GG-Alexander Cambridge.jpg The Earl of Athlone 1940-02-11 1946-04-12
17 GG-Harold Alexander.jpg The Viscount Alexander of Tunis 1946-04-12 1952-01-18
18 Governor General Vincent Massey (cropped).jpg Vincent Massey 1952-01-18 1959-09-15
19 GG-Vanier.jpg Georges Vanier 1959-09-15 1967-03-05
20 Governor General Roland Michener at Alma College graduation ceremonies 1972 (crop).jpg Roland Michener 1967-04-17 1974-01-14
21 Jules Léger 1974-01-14 1979-01-22
22 Ed Schreyer (3).jpg Edward Schreyer 1979-01-22 1984-05-14
23 Jeanne Sauvé 1984 Ottawa Canada (crop).jpg Jeanne Sauvé 1984-05-14 1990-01-29
24 Ray Hnatyshyn 1990-01-29 1995-02-08
25 Roméo LeBlanc 1995-02-08 1999-10-07
26 GG-Adrienne Clarkson2.jpg Adrienne Clarkson 1999-10-07 2005-09-27
27 GG-Michaëlle Jean.jpg Michaëlle Jean 2005-09-27 2010-10-01
28 David Johnston 2011-12-01.jpg David Johnston 2010-10-01 2017-10-02
29 Julie Payette 2017.jpg Julie Payette 2017-10-02 2021-01-22
30 Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada.jpg Mary Simon 2021-07-26 Incumbent
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